Psychological - W2 - Chapter 6 - Validity (DN) Part 1
This deck covers key concepts related to validity in psychological testing, including different types of validity, errors, and statistical methods used in test evaluation.
base rate
an index
usually expressed as a proportion of the extent to which a particular trait, behaviour, characteristic, or attribute exists in a population
p. 193, 219
Key Terms
base rate
an index
usually expressed as a proportion of the extent to which a particular trait, behaviour, characteristic, or attribute exists in a pop...
bias
as applied to tests
a factor inherent in a test which systematically prevents accurate, impartial measurement
p. 204-206
central tendency error
a type of rating error
a rater exhibits a general reluctance to rate at either the positive or negative extreme
so all or most ratings ...
concurrent validity
a form of criterion-related validity
an index of the degree that a test score relates to some criterion measure obtained at the same time (co...
confirmatory factor analysis (CFA)
class of mathematical procedures
employed when an explicitly hypothesised factor structure is tested for its fit with an observed relationshi...
construct
an informed, scientific idea developed or generated to explain behaviour
e.g., ‘intelligence’, ‘personality’, anxiety, and ‘job satisfaction’...
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| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
base rate | an index usually expressed as a proportion of the extent to which a particular trait, behaviour, characteristic, or attribute exists in a population p. 193, 219 |
bias | as applied to tests a factor inherent in a test which systematically prevents accurate, impartial measurement p. 204-206 |
central tendency error | a type of rating error a rater exhibits a general reluctance to rate at either the positive or negative extreme so all or most ratings end up in the middle of the rating continuum p.205 |
concurrent validity | a form of criterion-related validity an index of the degree that a test score relates to some criterion measure obtained at the same time (concurrently) p. 190, 191-192 |
confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) | class of mathematical procedures employed when an explicitly hypothesised factor structure is tested for its fit with an observed relationship between variables p. 203, 345 |
construct | an informed, scientific idea developed or generated to explain behaviour e.g., ‘intelligence’, ‘personality’, anxiety, and ‘job satisfaction’ p.119, 198 |
construct validity | a judgement about the appropriateness of inferences drawn from test scores regarding individual standings on a variable (construct) p.198-204 |
content validity | a judgement regarding how adequately a test samples behaviour representative of the universe of behaviour it was designed to measure p. 184-189 |
content validity ratio (CVR) | a FORMULA developed by C. H. Lawshe used to GAUGE AGREEMENT among RATERS regarding how ESSENTIAL an INDIVIDUAL TEST ITEM is for INCLUSION in a test p. 187-188 |
convergent evidence | with reference to CONSTRUCT VALIDITY data from OTHER MEASUREMENT INSTRUMENTS designed to measure THE SAME or SIMILAR CONSTRUCT (as the test being ‘CONSTRUCT-VALIDATED’) |
convergent validity | data indicating that a test measures THE SAME CONSTRUCT as ANOTHER TEST purporting to measure the SAME CONSTRUCT p. 202n3 |
criterion | the STANDARD against which a test or test score is EVALUATED this standard may take many forms (e.g., a specific BEHAVIOUR, or SET of BEHAVIOURS) p.139, 190, 421 |
criterion contamination | a state in which a CRITERION MEASURE is ITSELF based, in whole or in part, on a PREDICTOR MEASURE p.190 |
criterion-related validity | a JUDGEMENT regarding how ADEQUATELY a score or index on a test, or other measurement tool CAN be used to INFER an individual’s MOST PROBABLE standing on some measure of interest (the criterion) p. 190-198 |
discriminant evidence | with reference to CONSTRUCT VALIDITY - DATA from a test or other measurement instrument SHOWING LITTLE RELATIONSHIP between test scores or other VARIABLES with which the scores should NOT theoretically be correlated; contrast with convergent evidence - In other words - there is little/no relationship where little/no relationship is expected! p.202-203 |
expectancy chart | graphic representation of an EXPECTANCY TABLE p.196 |
expectancy data | information, usually in the form of an EXPECTANCY CHART - illustrates the likelihood that an INDIVIDUAL TESTTAKER will score WITHIN some INTERVAL of SCORES on a CRITERION MEASURE p.196-198, 219,229 |
expectancy table | information presented in TABULAR FORM - illustrates the likelihood that an INDIVIDUAL TESTTAKER will score WITHIN some INTERVAL of SCORES on a CRITERION MEASURE |
exploratory factor analysis | a class of MATHEMATICAL PROCEDURES - they are employed to ESTIMATE FACTORS, EXTRACT FACTORS, or DECIDE HOW MANY FACTORS TO RETAIN p.203 |
face validity | a judgement (perception) based solely on ‘APPEARANCES’, regarding how well a test or other tool measures what it purports to measure - such as the content of the test’s items p. 183-184 |