Back to AI Flashcard MakerPsychology /Psychology - Chapter 10 Developmental Psychology - Important Concepts Part 1
Psychology - Chapter 10 Developmental Psychology - Important Concepts Part 1
This deck covers key concepts from Chapter 10 of Developmental Psychology, focusing on influences, developmental stages, and challenges in human development.
Describe bi-directional influences and how these relate to human development.
Human development is a two-way street, Experiences affect development and development influences experiences.
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Key Terms
Term
Definition
Describe bi-directional influences and how these relate to human development.
Human development is a two-way street, Experiences affect development and development influences experiences.
What is the major problem with cross-sectional designs? What design rectifies this?
Cohort effects, Use longitudinal designs to get around this
Longitudinal effects measure what? Describe.
True developmental effects: - changes over time within individuals as a consequence of growing older
What are issues with longitudinal studies?
Costly and time-consuming, Not experimental designs - cannot infer cause and effect
What are externalizing behaviours?
Behaviours such as breaking rules, defying authority figures, and committing crimes.
What is attrition?
Participants dropping out of the study before it is completed.
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| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
Describe bi-directional influences and how these relate to human development. | Human development is a two-way street, Experiences affect development and development influences experiences. |
What is the major problem with cross-sectional designs? What design rectifies this? | Cohort effects, Use longitudinal designs to get around this |
Longitudinal effects measure what? Describe. | True developmental effects: - changes over time within individuals as a consequence of growing older |
What are issues with longitudinal studies? | Costly and time-consuming, Not experimental designs - cannot infer cause and effect |
What are externalizing behaviours? | Behaviours such as breaking rules, defying authority figures, and committing crimes. |
What is attrition? | Participants dropping out of the study before it is completed. |
What are two myths concerning development? | Infant determinism, Childhood fragility |
What is infant determinism? | Assumption that early experiences - especially the first three years of life - are almost always more influential than later experiences in shaping us as adults |
What is childhood fragility? | Holds that children are delicate little creatures who are easily damaged |
What is nature? Nurture? | Nature - genetic endowment, Nurture - the environments we encounter |
What are the three stages of prenatal development? What time frames do they run from? | Germinal stage - 0-2 weeks, Embryonic stage - 22ndd-9th weeks, Fetal stage - 9th week onward |
Describe, briefly, the germinal stage. | Zygote begins to divide and double to form a blastocyst, During middle of week, cells begin to differentiate and organs start to develop |
Describe, briefly, the embryonic stage. | 2-9 week, Limbs, facial features, major organs begin to take shape, Spontaneous miscarriages occur most often during this period |
Describe the fetal stage. | 9th week, - embryo becomes a fetus, Major organs established, Physical maturation of fetus |
When does brain development occur? | 18 days after fertilization until late adolescence/early adulthood |
What is proliferation? | Development of neurons at a very high rate occurs from day 18 to then end of month 6 |
What are the obstacles to normal fetal development? | 1 - Exposure to hazardous environmental influences, 2 - Biological influences resulting from genetic disorders or errors in cell duplication during cell division, 3 - Premature birth |
What is premature birth? | Birth prior to 36 weeks gestation |
What is the viability point? | Point at which infants can typically survive on their own - 25 weeks (typically) |
What are reflexes? | Automatic motor behaviour |