Psychology - Chapter 10 - Important Concepts - Part 2

What are the three major temperamental styles?

These infants are adaptable and relaxed, make up most infants.

These infants are fussy and easily frustrated.

These infants are disturbed by new stimuli at first, but generally adjust to them.

Temperamental style proposed by Jerome Kagan, where children are “scaredy cats” and become frightened at the sign of novel or unexpected stimuli.

Those with ________ _________ are at heightened risk for shyness and anxiety disorder in childhood or adolescence.

______ institutionalization is associated with later emotional problems.

The rhesus monkey experiment displayed what phenomenon?

What are the different attachment styles?

Infant reacts to mother’s departure by becoming upset, but greets her return with joy.

For secure attachment, the child uses his mother as a _____ _____: a rock-solid source of support to which to turn in times of trouble.

Infant reacts to mom’s departure with indifference and shows little reaction on her return.

The infant reacts to mom’s departure with panic. He then shows a mixed emotional reaction on her return.

React to mom’s departure and return with inconsistent and a confused set of responses

What were shortcomings of the strange situation?

What are the major parenting styles?

Parents of this type tend to be lenient with their children, allowing them considerable freedom inside and outside the household.

Parents strict with children; give little time for free play or exploration.

Combine the best features of both authoritarian and permissive parenting styles.

Neglectful parents who ignore children.

When would authoritarian parenting styles be best?

Children of this parenting style exhibit the best social and emotional adjustments and the lowest levels of behavioural problems.

According to this theory, most environmental transmission is horizontal (child to child), rather than vertical (parent to child)

When parents experience only mild conflict before the divorce, the seeming effects of divorce are actually _____ severe than when parents experience intense conflict before the divorce.

Children's ability to wait for the bigger reward in the delay-of-gratification task forecasts superior ability with frustration as adolescents.

Developing general security, optimism and trust in others.

Developing a sense of independence and confident self-reliance, taking setbacks in stride.

Developing initiative in exploring and manipulating the environment.

Enjoyment and mastery of the developmental tasks of childhood, in and out of school

Achievement of a stable and satisfying sense or role and direction.

Development of the ability to maintain intimate personal relationships.

Satisfaction of personal and familial needs supplemented by development of interest in the welfare of others and the world in general.

Recognizing and adjjusting to aging and the prospect of death with a sense of satisfaction about the future.

Period during which emergency adults struggle to figure out their identities and life goals, "trying on different hats" in an effort to see which one fits best

Situations in which there are no clear right or wrong answers.

Children in the concrete operations stage will evaluate a person by how much harm they have done.

When reaching the formal operations stage, children tend to evaluate people in terms of their intentions to produce harm.

What are Kohlberg's three stages of morality?

Focus on punishment and reward

Focus on societal values

Focus on internal moral principles that transcend society

What are the criticisms of Kohlberg's work?

What are four indices other than chronological age, for age.

Estimate of a person's age in terms of biological functioning (how well the organs work)

Person's mental attitudes and agility, and the capacity to deal with the stresses of an ever-changing environment

Person's ability to function in given roles in society

Whether people behave in accord with the social behaviours appropriate for their age