Psychology - Chapter 12 - Important Concepts

Groups that are at high risk for experience stressful events are what?

It is a myth that people from _____ areas experiencce less stress than ____-dwellers

Most victims of child abuse turn out to be ________ adults.

Stressor that is so severe that it can produce long-term psychological or health consequences.

What are different factors that contribute to people’s varying ability to grapple with stressful events.

Approach to stress that focuses on identifying different types of stressful events.

People’s varied reaction to the same event suggest that we can view stress as a _________ between people and their environments.

Researchers studying stress as a transaction focus on how people _______ and _____ with stressful events.

When we encounter a potentially stressful event, we initiate _________ _________: the initial decision regarding whether an event is harmful.

If we decide an event is stressful, we undergo ________ _________: the percetion regarding our ability to cope with an event that follows primary appraisal.

When we believe we cannot cope, we are more likey to experience a _____-blown _______ reaction than when we believe we can

When we are optimistic and think we can achieve our goals - we are especially likely to engage in _____-________ ________: a coping strategy in which we tackle life’s challenges head on

When situations arise that we have no control over, we are more likely to adopt _______-________ ________: a coping strategy that features a positive outlook on feelings or situations accompanied by behaviours that reduce painful emotions

You did bad on a test but resolve to study harder next time. What coping strategy are you using?

You get dumped, but realize that you were miserable anyway. What coping strategy are you using?

Which approach has pinpoited categories of events that most of us find dangerous and unpredictable?

Approach that assesses people’s psychological and physiological responses to stressors.

This approach typically exposes subjects to stress-producing stimuli or, studies people hwo have recently undergone real-life stressors.

This approach will measure corticosteroid levels after a stressful event.

Why is measuring stress difficult?

What are two scales that attempt to gauge the nature and impact of stressors?

This scale is based on 43 life events ranked in terms of their stressfulness as rated by participants.

These are based on experiences in the previous year.

Many items on the SRRS involve ____ _________.

The number of stressful events people report over the previous year or so is associated with a variety of _______ _________.

The SRRS approach is flawed. How?

This scale was developed to measure how stressful events, ranging from small annoyances to major daily pressures, affect our adjustment.

The frequency and perceive severity of are actually better predictors of physical health, depresson and anxiety than are _ _.

What are the two main ways to measure stress?

Who developed the General Adaptation Syndrome?

According to Selyes GAS, all prolonged stressors take us through three stages of adaptation. These are?

This reaction involves excitation of the nervous system, the discharge of the stress hormone adrenaline, and physical symptoms of anxiety.

The seat of anxiety is found within the system. What parts of the brain are included here? What is this system also called?

The hypothalamus and pituitary gland orchestrate the adrenal gland's release of another stress hormone called _ - which floods a person with energy

Which brain structure can flood a person with vivid memories of scary, related situations, when stressed?

During this stage of adaptation, we adapt to stressors and find ways to cope with them. We use this brain structure to calm down.

This stage of adaptation occurs when a stressor is more prolonged and uncontrollable. Results of our resistance breaking down include?

This stress response is more common among women than men.

What is an explanation for why women engage in the tend in befriend response more often than men?

Who is at very high risk to develop PTSD?

What was the explanation for the poison-ivy experiment?

Stress can cause physical difficulties that disrupt our and functioning and can make us more vulnerable to __.

Foreign invaders are called ; potentionally ilness-producing organisms are called __.

Our first shield against foreign invaders is the . These also contribute to non-specific immunity.

These two groups of specialized WBCs are manufactured in the marrow of bones.

These cells are the first on the scene of infection.

Diseases caused by a hyperactive immune system.

People are more likely to get when stressed out.

can disrupt the immune function.

What are peptic ulcers, majoritarilly, caused by?

More than die from CHD/

Narrowing and blocking of the coronary arteries.

Deterioration and death of heart tissue.

What are some predictors of CHD?

How does stress play a role in CHD?

Heart attack prone men have this type of personality.

A person who is _ is at a very high risk of CHD..

Ability to step up and do something to reduce the impact of a stressful situation or prevent its recurrence.

Avoiding action to solve our problems or giving up hope.

Between problem-focused and avoidance-oriented coping, which is more effective?

The ability to cognitively restructure or think differently abiout negative emotions that arise in response to stress-provoking events.

The evaluation of one's social identity () - is tied to better health for those with _ perceive control.

Ability to choose among alternative courses of action.

Ability to acquire information about a stressful event.

Just knowing how many questions will be on the final exam can reduce stress through what process?

Proactive coping is encompassed by what?

Those who engage in coping, view stressful situations as opportunities for growth.