Psychology - Chapter 15 - Important Concepts
The failure-analysis approach involves studying breakdowns in adaptation or psychological problems to gain insights into how healthy psychological functioning works. By understanding what goes wrong, psychologists can better identify the processes that contribute to mental well-being.
Psychopathologists examine breakdowns in adaptation to help them understand healthy functioning
failure-analysis approach
Key Terms
Psychopathologists examine breakdowns in adaptation to help them understand healthy functioning
failure-analysis approach
What are the 5 criteria for a mental disorder?
Statistical rarity
Subjective distress
Impairment
Societal disapproval
Biological dysfunction
Mental disorders share a loose set of features.
family resemblance view
Asylum was part of what model?
Medical
The use of snake pits was completed for which model?
Medical
Exorcism
Demonic model
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| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
Psychopathologists examine breakdowns in adaptation to help them understand healthy functioning | failure-analysis approach |
What are the 5 criteria for a mental disorder? | Statistical rarity Subjective distress Impairment Societal disapproval Biological dysfunction |
Mental disorders share a loose set of features. | family resemblance view |
Asylum was part of what model? | Medical |
The use of snake pits was completed for which model? | Medical |
Exorcism | Demonic model |
Free or low cost care facilitaties in which people can obtain treatment | community health care centers/halfway houses |
Specific to one or more societies | culture-bound |
Fear that you genitals are shrinking into your abdomen | Koro |
Episodes of intense sadness and brooding followed by uncontrolled behaviour and unprovoked attacks on people or animals | amok |
Psychiatric diagnoses: 1 - _______ the psychological problem a person is facing 2 - Make it _____ for mental health professionals to communicate | pinpoint easier |
What are 4 misconceptions about psychiatric diagnoses? | 1) Pigeonholing 2) unreliable 3) invalid 4) Stigmatize people |
the extent to which different raters agree on a patient’s diagnosis | interrater reliability |
Rule out medically induced psychological disorders prior to diagnosis. | Think organic |
Percentage of people in a population with a disorder. | prevalence |
Acknowledges the interplay of biological, psychological and social influences. | biopsychosocial approach |
As student’s become more familiar with pathologes, the become more aware and paranoid of bodily processes | medical student’s syndrome |
What is the most common anxiety disorder? | phobia |
Faking mental illness | malingering |
condition marked by motor tics, and vocal tics | tourette’s disorder |
Depression is less common in _____ people than in ______ people. | older, younger |
Who came up with this? People with depression often elicit hostility and rejection from others, which in turn maintains or worsens their depression. People with depression seek excessive reassurance and tend to stir up negative feelings in others. | Coyne |
Proposes that depression results from a low rate of response-contingent positive reinforcement | behavioural model (Lewinson) |
Theory that depression is caused by negative beliefs and expectations. | cognitive model of depression |
Three components of depressed thinking: | negative view of: oneself, the world, the future | cognitive triad |
skewed ways of thinking - legit think of nightmare glasses | cognitive distortions |
seen in more mild cases of depression - these individuals have a more accurate view of circumstances | depressive realism |
people who are not depressed tend to have less realistic expectations of their capacities | illusory control |
Depressed persons tend to think their failures are general and fixed aspects of their personalities | global-stable |
What might be the stress gene? | Serotonin transporter gene |
Depression seems to be linked to low levels of the NT ; diminished resulting in in decreased volume; and decreased levels. | norepineprhine neurogenesis hippocampal dopamine |
Among the most genetically influenced of all mental disorders. Increased sensitivity of dopamine receptors, decreased sensitivity of serotonin receptors | bipolar disorder |
Those with bipolar disorder: | increased activity in the , and decreased activity in the cortex | amygdala | prefrontal cortex |
What is the single best predictor for suicide? | A previous attempt |
Psychopaths may be bored and seek out excitement, a phenomenon called what? | stimulus hunger |
The sense that the external world is strange or unreal, often accompanies both depersonalization and panic attacks | derealization |
arises from history of severe abuse during childhood; can feel the abuse happening to someone else | PTM |
people's expectancies and beliefs, rather than early traumas, account for the origin and maintenance of DID | SCM |
repeat a phrase in a conversation in a parrot-like manner | echoladia |
A schizophrenic is most likely to relapse when the family is critical, hostile or overinvolved which is called? | expressed emotion |
Schizophrenics have: enlarged increased in _ size decrease in the size of the lobe, and activation of the and _ decrease in the of the brain hemispheres | ventricles sulci temporal, amygdala, hippocampus symmetry |
Simple excess of dopamine causes schizophrenic symptoms | dopamine hypothesis |
Children with persistent irritability and frequent behaviour outbursts | disruptive mood dysregulation disorder |