Psychology - Chapter 3 Last Minute Study Guiderino

Nerve cell specialized for communication.

portion of neuron that receives signals.

Portion of neuron that sends signals.

Spherical sac containing NTs.

Chemical messenger specialized for communication from neuron to neuron.

Space between two connecting neurons through which messages are transmitter chemically.

A gap into which NTs are releases from the axon terminal.

Cell in nervous system that plays a role in the formation of myelin and the blood-brain barrier, responds to injury, removes debris, and enhances learning and memory

glial cells wrapped around axons that act as insulators of the neuron’s signal.

electrical charge difference across the neuronal membrane, when the neuron is not being stimulated or inhibited.

;membrane potential necessary to trigger an action potential.

Electrical impulse that travels down the axon, triggering the release of neurotransmitters.

time during which another action potential is impossible; limits maximal firing rate.

postsynatpic potentials that can be excitatory or inhibitory depending on whether positively or negatively charged particles flow across the neuronal membrane and in which direction they flow.

graded potential in a dendrite that is caused by excitatory synaptic transmission.

graded potential in a dendrite that is cased by inhibitory synaptic transmission.

location that uniquely recognizes a NT.

means of recycling NTs.

ability of nervous system to change.

a cell, often originating in embryos, having the capacity to differentiate into a more specialized cell.

creation of new neurons in the adult brain.

part of the nervous system containing the brain and spinal cord that controls the mind and behaviour

nerves in the body that extend outside the CNS

pockets in the brain that contain cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), which provides the brain with nutrients and cushions against injury.

forward part of the brain that allows advanced intellectual activities.

two halves of the cerebral cortex, each of which serves distinct yet highly integrated functions.

Large band of fibres connecting the two cerebral hemispheres.

outermost part of the forebrain, responsible for analyzing sensory processing and higher brain functions.

Forward part of cerebral cortex responsible for motor function, language, memory and planning.

part of frontal lobe responsible for body movement.

part of frontal lobe responsible for thinking, planning and language.

language area in the prefrontal cortex that helps to control speech production.

upper middle part of the cerebral cortex lying behind the frontal lobe that is specialized for touch and perception.

lower part of the cerebral cortex that plays roles in hearing, understanding language, and memory.

part of the temporal lobe involved in understanding speech.

back part of cerebral cortex specialized for vision.

regions of the cerebral cortex that integrate simpler functions to perform more complex functions.

Structures in the forebrain that help to control movement.

Emotional centre of brain that also plays roles in smell, motivation, and memory.

gateway from the sense organs to the primary sensory cortex.

part of the brain responsible for maintaining a constant internal state.

part of the limbic system that plays key roles in fear, excitement and arousal.

part of the brain that plays a role in spatial memory.

part of the brain between the spinal cord and cerebral cortex that contains the midbrain, pons and medulla.

part of the brain stem that contributes to movement, tracking of visual stimuli, and reflexes triggered by sound.

brain area that plays a key role in arousal.

region below the midbrain that contains the cerebellum, pons, and medulla.

brain structure responsible for our sense of balance.

part of the brain stem that connects the cortex with the cerebellum

part of the brain stem involved in basic functions such as heartbeat and breathing.

thick bundle of nerves that conveys signals between the brain and body.

neurons that sends messages to other neurons nearby.

automatic motor response to a sensory stimulus.

part of the nervous system that conveys info between the CNS and the body, controlling and coordinating voluntary movement.

part of the nervous system controlling the involuntary actions of our internal organs and glands; along with the limbic system, it participates in emotion regulation.

division of the autonomic nervous system engaged during a crisis or after actions requiring fight or flight.

division of autonomic nervous system that controls rest and digestion.

system of glands and hormones that controls secretion of blood-borne chemical messengers.

chemical released into the bloodstream that influences particular organs and glands.

master gland that, under the control of the hypothalamus, directs the other glands of the body.

tissue located on top of the kidneys that releases adrenalin and cortisol during states of emotional arousal.

electroencephalograph. recording of brain's electrical activity at the surface of the skull.

computed tomography. scanning technique using multiple X-rays to construct 3D images

magnetic resonance imaging. technique that uses magnetic fields to indirectly visualize brain structure.

positron emission tomography. imaging technique that measure consumption of glucose-like molecules, yielding a picture of neural activity in different regions of the brain.

functional MRI. technique that uses magnetic fields to visualize brain activity using the BOLD response.

transcranial magnetic stimulation. technique that applies strong and quickly changes magnetic fields to the surface of the skull that can either enhance or disrupt brain function.

magnetoencephalography. technique that measures brain activity by detecting tiny magnetic fields generated by the brain.

cognitive function that relies more on one side of the brain than the other.

procedure that involves severing the corpus callosum to reduce the spread of epileptic seizures.

percentage of the variability in a trait across individuals that is due to genes. (i.e. genes for height cause differences for height NOT the environment in which they are in (not actually true tho))

analysis of how characteristics run in intact families.

analysis of how traits different in identical vs. fraternal twins.

analysis of how traits vary in individuals raised apart from the biological relatives.