Back to AI Flashcard MakerPsychology /Psychology - Cognitive Area Grant Et Al. (1998) Part 1
Psychology - Cognitive Area Grant Et Al. (1998) Part 1
This flashcard deck covers the key aspects of the study by Grant et al. (1998), focusing on context-dependent memory and the experimental design, findings, and conclusions of their research.
What was the aim of research by Grant et al.?
To test for context dependent effects caused by the presence or absence of noise during learning and retrieval of meaningful material
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Key Terms
Term
Definition
What was the aim of research by Grant et al.?
To test for context dependent effects caused by the presence or absence of noise during learning and retrieval of meaningful material
What is context dependent memory?
Context-dependent memory refers to improved recall of information when the context present at encoding and recalling information are the same.
What was the research method used in research by Grant et al.
A lab experiment using an independent measures design.
What were the IVs in research by Grant et al.
Whether the participant read the two page article under silent or noisy conditions. Whether the participant was tested under matching or mismatching c...
What sample was used in research by Grant et al.?
8 members of a psychology lab class served as experimenters. Each experimenter recited 5 acquaintances to serve as the participants. There were 39 par...
Outline the procedure in Grant et al.’s research.
Students were tested 1 at a time. The 4 conditions were: SS, SN, NS, NN. Each participant wore headphones. Each experimenter provided his/her own cass...
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| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
What was the aim of research by Grant et al.? | To test for context dependent effects caused by the presence or absence of noise during learning and retrieval of meaningful material |
What is context dependent memory? | Context-dependent memory refers to improved recall of information when the context present at encoding and recalling information are the same. |
What was the research method used in research by Grant et al. | A lab experiment using an independent measures design. |
What were the IVs in research by Grant et al. | Whether the participant read the two page article under silent or noisy conditions. Whether the participant was tested under matching or mismatching conditions. |
What sample was used in research by Grant et al.? | 8 members of a psychology lab class served as experimenters. Each experimenter recited 5 acquaintances to serve as the participants. There were 39 participants, ranging in age from 17 to 56 years. There were 17 were female, 23 were male, one persons data was taken out of the research. |
Outline the procedure in Grant et al.’s research. | Students were tested 1 at a time. The 4 conditions were: SS, SN, NS, NN. Each participant wore headphones. Each experimenter provided his/her own cassette player and headphones. The eight cassettes were exact copies made from a master tape of background noise recorded during lunchtime in a university cafeteria. The participants read a two-page, three-columned article on psychoimmunology. The time they took to read the article was recorded and after 2 minutes of finishing they completed to tests. The 10 short-answer test was always administered first to ensure that recall of information from the article was being tested and not recall of information from the 16 multiple- choice test (with 4 possible choices). The entire procedure lasted about 30 minutes. |
What were the key findings from Grant et al.’s research? | There a significant effect of studying and testing in the same conditions. People performed best when they learnt and took the tests in the same conditions. |
What were the main conclusions from Grant et al study? | There are context-dependency effects for newly learned meaningful material regardless of whether a short-answer test or a multiple-choice test is used to assess learning. Studying and testing in the same environment leads to enhanced performance. Students perform best in quite conditions. |
Evaluate the research method used in Grant et al’s reserach. | Grant et al carried out a controlled lab experiment and this method fulfils the scientific criteria of theory, control, evidence and replication. The study used an independent measures design, this could mean there are individual differences in between groups. |
Evaluate the research method data collected in Grant et al’s reserach. | The study collected quantitative data which enables it to be easily summarised an compared in between conditions. |
Discuss the ethical issues in Grant et al. research. | The study was conducted within ethical guidelines. Information consent was obtained and participants were briefed about the task they were to undertake and involvement was voluntary, They were fully debriefed. |
To what extent can research by Grant et al be seen as valid? | A highly controlled lab experiment, high design validity. The procedure and apparatus were standardised and participants tested individually. A number of controls were applied. |