Back to AI Flashcard MakerPsychology /Psychology - Important Terms Psych Chapter 5 Consciousness
Psychology - Important Terms Psych Chapter 5 Consciousness
This deck covers key terms and concepts from Chapter 5 of a psychology course on consciousness, including sleep stages, sleep disorders, theories of dreaming, hypnosis, and psychoactive drugs.
Sleep paralysis
State of being unable to move just after falling asleep or right before waking up.
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Key Terms
Term
Definition
Sleep paralysis
State of being unable to move just after falling asleep or right before waking up.
Consciousness
Our subjective experience of the world, our bodies, and our mental experiences
circadian rythm
Cyclical changes that occur on a roughly 24hr basis
Biological clock
Term for the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) in the hypothalamus that’s responsible for controlling our levels of alertness.
REM
Rapid eye movement: darting of the eyes underneath closed eyelids.
non-REM sleep
Stages 1-4 of the sleep cycle, during which rapid eye movements do not occur and dreaming is less frequent and vivid.
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| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
Sleep paralysis | State of being unable to move just after falling asleep or right before waking up. |
Consciousness | Our subjective experience of the world, our bodies, and our mental experiences |
circadian rythm | Cyclical changes that occur on a roughly 24hr basis |
Biological clock | Term for the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) in the hypothalamus that’s responsible for controlling our levels of alertness. |
REM | Rapid eye movement: darting of the eyes underneath closed eyelids. |
non-REM sleep | Stages 1-4 of the sleep cycle, during which rapid eye movements do not occur and dreaming is less frequent and vivid. |
REM sleep | Stage of sleep during which the brain is most active and during which vivid dreaming most often occurs. |
What are beta waves? | Normal brain waves when awake. |
What are alpha waves? | Waves of EEG during calm wakefulness. |
What are theta waves? | Seen in stage 1 of sleep |
What waves are in sleep stage 2? | Sleep spindles and k complexes |
What waves are in stage 3 and 4 of the sleep cycle? | Delta waves |
What is lucid dreaming? | Experience of becoming aware that one is dreaming. |
Insomnia | Difficulty falling and staying asleep |
narcolepsy | Disorder characterized by the rapid and often unexpected onset of sleep. Often have few cells that produce orexin. |
cataplexy | Complete loss of muscle tone |
Sleep apnea | Disorder caused by a blockage of the airway during sleep, resulting in daytime fatigue. |
night terrors | Sudden waking episodes characterized by screaming, perspiring, and confusion followed by a return to deep sleep. |
sleepwalkin | Walking while fully asleep |
activation-synthesis theory | Theory that dreams reflect inputs from brain activation originating in the pons, which the forebrain then attempts to weave into a story. |
Neurocognitive theory | Theory that dreams are a meaningful product of our cognitive capacities, which shape what we dream about. |
OBE | Out of body experience; sense of our consciousness leaving our body |
NDE | Near death experience; out of body experience reported by people who’ve nearly died or thought they were going to die |
déja vù | Feeling of reliving an experience that’s new, may be due to excess of the NT dopamine in the temporal lobe. |
mystical experience | Feelings of unity or oneness with the world, often with strong spiritual overtones |
hypnosis | Set of techniques that provide people with suggestions for alterations in their perceptions, thoughts, feelings, and behaviours. |
past life regression therapy | Therapeutic approach that hypothesizes and supposedly age-regresses patients to a previous life to identify the source of the present-day problem. |
sociocognitive theory | Approach to explaining hypnosis based on people's attitudes, beliefs, and expectations. |
Dissociation theory | Approach to explaining hypnosis based on a separation between personality functions that are normally well integrated. |
psychoactive drug | Substance that contains chemicals similar to those found naturally in our brains that later consciousness by changing chemical processes in neurons. |
tolerance | Reduction in the effect of a drug as a result of repeated use, requiring users to consume greater quantities to achieve the same effect. |
withdrawal | Unpleasant effects of reducing or stopping consumption of a drug that users had consumed habitually |
physical dependence | Dependence on a drug that occurs when people continue to take it to avoid withdrawal symptoms |
psychological dependence | Dependence on a drug that occurs when continued use of the drug is motivated by intense cravings. |
sedative | Drug that exerts a calming effect |
hypnotic drug | Drug that exerts a sleep-inducing effect |
stimulant | Drug that increases activity in the CNS, including heart rate, respiration, and blood pressure. |
narcotic | Drug that relieves pain and induces sleep |
hallucinogenic | Causing dramatic alterations of perception, mood, and thought. |