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Respiratory System 22 AP II Lecture Part 2

Anatomy and Physiology27 CardsCreated 4 months ago

This deck covers key concepts related to the respiratory system, including pressure dynamics, lung volumes, and respiratory health issues.

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What is Intrapleural pressure?

It is the pressure in the intrapleural cavity.
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Key Terms

Term
Definition
What is Intrapleural pressure?
It is the pressure in the intrapleural cavity.
What is the normal intrapleural pressure?
-4 mm hg
According to Boyle's law what happens if volume goes up?
If volume goes up, pressure goes down, and we added air goes in.
According to Boyle's law what happens if volume goes down?
If volume goes down, pressure goes up, and we added air goes out.
What does surfactant do?
It reduces surface tension inside the alveolar or respiratory membrane.
What is lung compliance?
It is the stretchability of our lungs. The more the lungs can expand the more the compliance.
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Respiratory System 22 AP II Lecture Part 2
TermDefinition
What is Intrapleural pressure?
It is the pressure in the intrapleural cavity.
What is the normal intrapleural pressure?
-4 mm hg
According to Boyle's law what happens if volume goes up?
If volume goes up, pressure goes down, and we added air goes in.
According to Boyle's law what happens if volume goes down?
If volume goes down, pressure goes up, and we added air goes out.
What does surfactant do?
It reduces surface tension inside the alveolar or respiratory membrane.
What is lung compliance?
It is the stretchability of our lungs. The more the lungs can expand the more the compliance.
What 2 things determine lung compliance?
The elasticity of the lung and the surface tension of the alveoli.
What tool gives us lung volumes?
A spirometer.
Lung volumes are used to calculate what?
Lung capacity.
What is tidal volume TV
The amount of air moved during normal, quiet breathing.
What is inspiratory reserve IRV?
The air that we can inspire over and above tidal volume.
What is expiratory reserve ERV?
The amount of gas that we can expire over and above tidal volume.
What is residual volume RV?
The amount of gas that stays in the lungs after we forcefully exhale. It's the volume that keeps our lungs from collapsing.
How is inspiratory capacity calculated?
Tidal volume plus inspiratory reserve.
How is functional residual capacity FRC calculated?
Residual volume plus the expiratory reserve volume.
How is vital capacity calculated?
ERV plus IRV and TV
How is total lung capacity calculated?
By adding all four of them, ERV, IRV, TV, and RV.
What is anatomical dead space?
The amount of gas that stays in the pipes, the conduction zone.
What is total minute ventilation and how is it calculated?
It is the amount of gas that we move during a whole minute. We do that by getting breaths per minute times tidal volume.
Describe forced vital capacity.
Taking a deep breath then forcing it all out. We break it down into FEV1, forced expiratory volume the first second, and FEV 2.
What 4 things affect the binding and releasing of oxygen to hemoglobin inside the red blood cells?
Partial pressure of the oxygen, temperature, pH of the blood, and partial pressure of carbon dioxide.
How is carbon dioxide transported?
We transport carbon dioxide as a bicarbonate ion in plasma.
Where do we monitor carbon dioxide?
Centrally, in medulla oblongata.
Where do we monitor oxygen?
We monitor oxygen in the carotids and the aortic arch.
What is a common denominator for COPD?
Smoking
What are 3 homeostatic imbalances of the respiratory system
COPD, chronic bronchitis, and emphysema
Why do old people have respiratory problems?
Because of loss of elasticity of the thoracic cage