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RT134 Congenital Heart Defects

Anatomy and Physiology17 CardsCreated 3 months ago

This flashcard notes that right-to-left shunts in the heart are associated with cyanotic heart defects, which cause oxygen-poor blood to bypass the lungs and enter systemic circulation.

What heart defect is connected with the right to left shunt?

Cyanotic Heart Defects

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Key Terms

Term
Definition

What heart defect is connected with the right to left shunt?

Cyanotic Heart Defects

What heart defect is connected with the left to right shunt?

Acyanotic Heart Defects

What diseases are under the right to left shunt (Cyanotic Heart defects)?
6 Defects

Tetrology of Fallot

Transposition of the great vessels

Total Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Return

Truncus Arteriosus

Tricuspid...

What diseases are under the left to right shunt (Acyanotic)?

6 Defects

Atrial Septal Defects

Ventricular Septal Defects

Pulmo...

What are ductal dependent defects?

Dependent on the PDA for systemic and/or pulmonary blood flow.

What conditions are ductal dependent?

5 conditions

Pulmonary stenosis

Coarctation of the aorta

Transposit...

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TermDefinition

What heart defect is connected with the right to left shunt?

Cyanotic Heart Defects

What heart defect is connected with the left to right shunt?

Acyanotic Heart Defects

What diseases are under the right to left shunt (Cyanotic Heart defects)?
6 Defects

Tetrology of Fallot

Transposition of the great vessels

Total Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Return

Truncus Arteriosus

Tricuspid Atresia

Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome

What diseases are under the left to right shunt (Acyanotic)?

6 Defects

Atrial Septal Defects

Ventricular Septal Defects

Pulmonary Valve Stenosis

Aortic Valve Stenosis

Coarctation of the Aorta

Patent Ductus Arteriosus

What are ductal dependent defects?

Dependent on the PDA for systemic and/or pulmonary blood flow.

What conditions are ductal dependent?

5 conditions

Pulmonary stenosis

Coarctation of the aorta

Transposition of the great arteries

Tricuspid and/or pulmonary atresia

Tetrology of fallot

What are the 4 defects of Tetrology of Fallot?

Pulmonary Stenosis

Overriding Aorta

Right Ventricular Hypertrophy

Ventricular Septal Defect

What would you see on the CXR for a patient who has Tetrology of Fallot?

Boot Shaped Heart

Decreased Pulmonary Vascularity

What are the clinical manifestations of Tetrology of Fallot?

Cyanosis

Exertional dyspnea

May develop CHF

TET spells – Squatting position

What is Coarctation of the heart?

Narrowing of the aorta, narrows blood vessel leading away from the heart.

What is pulmonary atresia?

Pulmonary valve unformed blood not able to enter the pulmonary vasculature

What is transposition of great vessels?

Aorta is connected to right ventricle.

What are symptoms of Transposition of the Great vessels?

Cyanosis with mild tachypnea shortly after birth

No noticeable respiratory distress (peaceful cyanosis)
Infants are severely cyanotic

Variable murmurs

Loud second heart sound

Failure of PaO2 to rise 30 mmHg in spite of 100% O2 denotes complete transposition

What is truncus arteriosis?

Its when the pulmonary artery is attached to the right and left ventricle.

What is Total Anomalous Venous Return in the heart?

all 4 pulmonary veins are not connected to superior vena cava or anything other than the left atria and circulates blood back to heart instead of general circulation.

What are treatments used to keep the ductus arteriosis open?

Prostaglandins

PGE1

What are options to close the ductus arteriosis?

100% Oxygen
Indomethacin
Surgical ligation