Sensation and Perception: Chapter 11
This flashcard set focuses on key concepts in auditory perception, including age-related hearing loss (presbycusis), the role of the auditory canal in amplifying sound through resonance, and the dual nature of sound as both a physical event and a perceptual experience.
Hearing loss that occurs as a function of age is called
presbycusis
Key Terms
Hearing loss that occurs as a function of age is called
presbycusis
The function of the auditory canal is to enhance the intensities of some frequency sounds by means of
resonance
The question “If a tree falls in a forest and no one is there to hear it, would there be a sound?” is useful because it highlights that “sound” can be
both a perceptual and physical stimulus
The function of the muscles of the middle ear is to
dampen the ossicles vibrations at high intensities
A complex tone can be created by starting with a pure tone, called the ____________, and adding frequencies that are multiples of this first frequency.
fundamental frequency
The range of human hearing is between _____ Hz.
20 to 20,000
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| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
Hearing loss that occurs as a function of age is called | presbycusis |
The function of the auditory canal is to enhance the intensities of some frequency sounds by means of | resonance |
The question “If a tree falls in a forest and no one is there to hear it, would there be a sound?” is useful because it highlights that “sound” can be | both a perceptual and physical stimulus |
The function of the muscles of the middle ear is to | dampen the ossicles vibrations at high intensities |
A complex tone can be created by starting with a pure tone, called the ____________, and adding frequencies that are multiples of this first frequency. | fundamental frequency |
The range of human hearing is between _____ Hz. | 20 to 20,000 |
At their highest settings, MP3 players can reach _____ , which is ________ OSHA’s recommended maximum. |
|
Pitch is primarily determined by the ______ of the sound wave. | frequency |
The base of the basilar membrane is | narrower than at the apex of the basilar membrane |
The outer hair cells respond to sound by slightly tilting and changing length. Because of the consequence of this, the action of the outer hair cells is called the | the cochlear amplifier |
The sound pressure level increases____ as the decibel level increases from 40 to 80 dBs. | 10 times |
When the tip links in the cilia stretch, ion channels open and | potassium flows into the cell |
Loudness of pure tones depends on frequency and sound pressure level can be shown graphically using | equal loudness curves |
Békésy’s place theory of hearing proposes that the frequency of a sound is | the place along the organ of Corti at which the nerve firing is highest |
Frequency can be coded by the firing rate at or near the peak of the sine-wave stimulus. This is called | phase locking |
As you increase the decibel level from 80 dB to 100 dB, the sound pressure ratio goes from _____ to ______. | 10,000 to 100,000 |
Kat wants to buy a “dog whistle” that her dog can hear but she can’t. She should get a whistle that emits sounds in the range between ____ and _____ Hz. | 30,000; 40,000 |
A piano tone played backwards will sound more likely an organ than a piano because | the tone’s original decay has become the attack, and vice versa |
The correct order of the ossicles in the middle ear (from ear drum to oval window) is | malleus; incus; stapes |
The sound quality that is related to the sounds clarity, “nasalness” or “reedy-ness” is | timbre |
The motion of the basilar membrane results in | movement of both the organ of Corti and the tectorial membrane |
The unit of measurement for sound wave frequency is | hertz |
Research supports that an infant’s ability to recognize the mother’s voice is due to | hearing the mother talk while in the womb |
The cochlear implant makes use of | the tonotopic map of frequencies on the cochlea |
The bending of the cilia of the causes a release of small bursts of neurotransmitter. | inner hair cells |
_ is the property of increasing pitch that accompanies increases in the tone’s frequency. | tone height |
A human tonotopic map shows that a receptor close to the apex will respond to a tone of ___ Hz. | 60 |
The wave form pattern of a pure tone is a(n) | sine wave |
DeCasper and Fifer used as the dependent variable to test if | pattern of nipple sucking |
Kat wants to buy a “dog whistle” that her dog can hear but she can’t. She should get a whistle that emits sounds in the range between ____ and _____ Hz. | 30,000; 40,000 |
The outer ear consists of | the pinnae, the auditory canal, and the tympanic membrane |
Loudness of pure tones depends on frequency and sound pressure level can be shown graphically using | equal loudness curve |
The audibility curve of a 6-month-old infant | s similar to the audibility curve for an adult |
At their highest settings, MP3 players can reach , which is ___ OSHA’s recommended maximum. | 100; 15 db higher than |
The question “If a tree falls in a forest and no one is there to hear it, would there be a sound?” is useful because it highlights that “sound” can be | both a perceptual and physical stimulus |
Adding a 440 Hz tone to a 880 Hz tone and a 1320 Hz tone will result in | a complex tone |