Sensation and Perception: Chapter 13

Link et al. (2003) studied the perceived meaning of listeners’ to the phrase “Let’s do lunch sometime,” based on the speaker’s inflection and emotional state. These are examples of

Masakazu is a 4-month-old Japanese infant. When presented the phonemes /r/ and /l/, he will

The existence of phonetic boundaries

Japanese children at the age of _______ can tell the difference between the /r/ sound and the /l/ sound just as well as American children.

Watkins, using transcranial magnetic stimulation, found that motor-evoked potentials were highest when the participant

The vowel sound /ae/ (as in “had”) has

The ______ is the shortest segment of speech that, if changed, changes the meaning of the word.

Spectrograms of sentences show

Top-down processing can help

Rubin et al. (1976) asked participants to respond when they heard a word that started with the /b/ sound. The average response time when real words were used was ____; and ______ when non-words were used.

The discovery of ______ is used as support for the motor theory of speech perception.

A fan of science fiction television shows would be more likely to make sense of the phrase “Start Wreck In Tore Prize.” This demonstrates the importance of

A person with Wernicke’s aphasia

A sound spectrogram is a plot of ______________ as a function of _____________, with darker areas representing greater intensity.

Which of the following can be considered an articulator?

Which of the following can be considered an articulator?

Damage to Broca’s area in the frontal lobe results in difficulty

If a listener is asked to pay attention to speech provided by familiar voices, the _____ is activated, as shown by fMRI studies.

There are _____ phonemes for vowel sounds in the English language.

Miller and Isard presented listeners with grammatical sentences (“Gadgets simplify work around the house”); ungrammatical word strings (“Between gadgets highways passengers the steal”), and anomalous sentences (“Gadgets kill passengers from the eyes”). The results showed that the listener’s ability to accurately report the phrase was

Computer speech recognition is

Saffron et al. (1996) found that the ability to use transitional probabilities to segment sounds develops around

Using fMRI, Belin et al., (2000) were able to reveal that, in humans, the superior temporal sulcus (STS) is

Saffron et al. (1996) found that 8-month-old infants listened to ______ test stimuli longer, providing evidence that infants are capable of __________ learning.

The McGurk effect is most similar to which of the following performers?

Warren showed that when a cough sound replaced the sound of the first /s/ in the word “legislatures,” listeners reported hearing

The consonant sound “____” is produced by placing your bottom lip against your upper front teeth and then pushing the air between the lips and the teeth.

Micelli et al. (1980) found that brain damage to the parietal lobe caused the patient to have difficulty discriminating between syllables. Micelli et al found that

The research by Rivera-Gaxiola on the effect of Spanish speech sounds on the electrical potentials of American infants shows that speech perception involves

Listening to someone speak a foreign language you are not familiar with can lead to

The problem of variability from the way different people speak can be demonstrated by

The problem of variability from the way different people speak can be demonstrated by

Humans perceive the sound /b/ to be the same, even when the coarticulation of the sound is be different. This phenomenon is an example of

Your ability to read the sentence HVANCDY is used as an example of the importance of

The ubiquitous “Whazzup!” is a sloppy pronunciation of “What’s up?” The spectrograms of each of these two spoken phrases would indicate

Jessica looks at Ashlee on a videotape. Ashlee’s lips are making the movement for the sound /ga-ga/, but the sound that is actually presented is the acoustic signal for /ba-ba/. What sound is Jessica most likely to report hearing?

Brain scanning research has shown that the is responsible for identifying sounds, and the _ is responsible for locating sounds.

The joke in the textbook with the punch line ‘yeah, right” is used as an example of

When you say “bat” and “boot,” the /b/ sound is articulated differently. This is an example of

The voice onset time (VOT) for the sound /da/ is 17 ms, and the VOT for the sound /ta/ is 91 msec. When a computer produces a sound with a VOT of 65 msec, listeners are likely to report hearing

The ability to categorize speech sounds is found in infants as young as

Palmeri et al. (1993) had participants listen to a word list that was spoken by (1) the same speaker, or (2) different speakers. In a subsequent recognition memory test, participants were