Sensation and Perception: Chapter 8
This flashcard set examines how we perceive and interpret actions and motion. It includes findings on how changes in movement speed signal action boundaries and explains Corollary Discharge Theory, which describes how the brain distinguishes self-induced motion from external movement.
In one study, Zacks et al. (2009) recorded someone making a sandwich and asked participants to press a button when they thought one action was complete. The results of the study indicated that _______were indicative of the end of an action.
changes in speed
Key Terms
In one study, Zacks et al. (2009) recorded someone making a sandwich and asked participants to press a button when they thought one action was complete. The results of the study indicated that _______were indicative of the end of an action.
changes in speed
According to Corollary Discharge Theory, movement is perceived when
the comparator receives the corollary discharge signal alone or image displacement signal alone
Presenting transcranial magnetic stimulation to the area of the STS in humans
decreased the person’s ability to perceive biological motion
A monkey with an intact MT cortex can detect the direction of moving dots when coherence is ____%, while a monkey that has had the MT cortex lesioned detects the direction of the moving dots when coherence is _____%.
1-2, 10-20
Which of the following is not a signal used posited in the Corollary Discharge Theory?
ciliary signal
The patient of Zihl et al., who had cortical lesions that affected her motion perception, had
difficulty following dialog
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| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
In one study, Zacks et al. (2009) recorded someone making a sandwich and asked participants to press a button when they thought one action was complete. The results of the study indicated that _______were indicative of the end of an action. | changes in speed |
According to Corollary Discharge Theory, movement is perceived when | the comparator receives the corollary discharge signal alone or image displacement signal alone |
Presenting transcranial magnetic stimulation to the area of the STS in humans | decreased the person’s ability to perceive biological motion |
A monkey with an intact MT cortex can detect the direction of moving dots when coherence is ____%, while a monkey that has had the MT cortex lesioned detects the direction of the moving dots when coherence is _____%. | 1-2, 10-20 |
Which of the following is not a signal used posited in the Corollary Discharge Theory? | ciliary signal |
The patient of Zihl et al., who had cortical lesions that affected her motion perception, had | difficulty following dialog |
Which of the following stimuli is most likely to show the greatest representational momentum? | a rocket |
An afterimage when viewed in the dark appears to move when you move your eyes. The Corollary Discharge Theory predicts this because | there is no IDS, but there is a CDS |
The connection between MT neurons and movement perception has been supported by | both lesioning and microstimulation studies |
Brian looks at the moon and some clouds at night. He perceives the moon moving through the clouds. This is an example of | induced motion |
As Dore runs through the park, the flow signals that he is moving and not the environment. Gibson calls this | the global optic flow |
The vertigo case of R.W. not only provided evidence for the corollary discharge theory, it revealed the importance of the______ in producing CDS. | MST area |
In an apparent motion demonstration, two pictures are used. In one picture a fist is located behind a board; in the other, the fist is located in front of the board at the same height. When rapidly alternating between these pictures, what apparent motion would result? | The fist would appear to “magically” pass through the board |
In an apparent motion demonstration, two pictures are used. In one picture a person’s fist is located behind his head; in the other, the person’s fist is located in front of their face at the same height. When slowly alternating between these pictures (less the five times a second), what apparent motion would result? | The fist would appear to go around the side of the head. |
The perceptual grouping of lights in biological motion has been shown physiologically to occur in the _______ area of the cortex. | superior temporal sulcus |
Movies: _______ :: Waterfall illusion: _____________. | apparent movement; movement aftereffects |
The ______ signal is sent to other areas of the brain relaying the message that a signal has been sent from the motor cortex to the eye muscles. It is analogous to using the “cc” (copy) function in an email. | collorary discharge |
In addition to describing movement detection in terms of the environment, researchers have proposed different ways to detect movement from a physiological perspective. The Reichardt detector is one solution. Which of the following is the greatest weakness of the Reichardt detector? | It only explains motion detection for images that cross the receptors |
Freyd (1983) presented two pictures sequentially that implied motion, such as a person jumping off a low wall. In the “same” condition, the second picture was identical to the first; in the “time-forward” condition, the second picture was the jumper closer to the ground; and in the “time-backward condition, the jumper was further from the ground. The observer’s task was to respond whether or not the two pictures were the “same” or “different.” The response time was longest for | the time forward condition |
Real-motion neurons found in the monkey cortex fire when _____ moves, but do not fire when _____ moves. | a stimulus; the eye |
Our ability to perceive movement when reading “message boards” used in advertising, is based on | apparent movement |
The __________ is demonstrated when you look through a circle you make with your fingers, and move a pencil either horizontally or diagonally behind your fingers. | aperture problem |
Newsome, Britten, and Movshon found that as the coherence between the dots’ direction of movement increased | the MT neuron fired more rapidly |
R.W., the man who had vertigo when he moved his eyes, had cortical damage that eliminated | collorary discharge signals |