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Theories Of Personality: Bandura
This deck covers key concepts from Bandura's theories of personality, including social cognitive theory, human agency, self-efficacy, and observational learning.
Theory that states that humans have some limited ability to control their lives
Social cognitive theory
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Key Terms
Term
Definition
Theory that states that humans have some limited ability to control their lives
Social cognitive theory
Humans have the flexibility to learn a variety of behaviors in diverse situations
Plasticiity
Holds that human functioning is molded by the reciprocal interaction of behavior, person variables, environmental events
Reciprocal determinism or triadic reciprocal causation model
Humans have the capacity to exercise control over the nature and quality of their lives
Agent perspective
Redefining behavior, disregard or distort the consequences of their behavior, dehumanize or blame victims of their behavior, displace or diffuse responsibility for their actions
Moral agency
Regulate behavior when people find themselves in ambiguous situations
Moral agency
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| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
Theory that states that humans have some limited ability to control their lives | Social cognitive theory |
Humans have the flexibility to learn a variety of behaviors in diverse situations | Plasticiity |
Holds that human functioning is molded by the reciprocal interaction of behavior, person variables, environmental events | Reciprocal determinism or triadic reciprocal causation model |
Humans have the capacity to exercise control over the nature and quality of their lives | Agent perspective |
Redefining behavior, disregard or distort the consequences of their behavior, dehumanize or blame victims of their behavior, displace or diffuse responsibility for their actions | Moral agency |
Regulate behavior when people find themselves in ambiguous situations | Moral agency |
Gives some consistency to personality by allowing people to observe and symbolize their own behavior and to evaluate it on the basis of anticipated future consequences | Self-system |
The core or heart of observational learning | Modeling |
Adding or subtracting from the observed behavior and generalizing from one observation to another | Modeling |
4 processes that govern observational learning | attention (observe individuals we frequently associate); representation (response patterns in memory); behavioral production (convert cognitive representations into appropriate actions); motivation (must be motivated to perform observed behavior) |
Complex human behavior can be learned when people think about and evaluate the consequences of their behaviors | enactive learning (direct experience) |
Usually the strongest contributor to performance | cognition |
Unintended meeting of persons unfamiliar to each other | chance encounter |
An environmental experience that is unexpected and unintended | Fortuitous event |
Chance favors only the prepared mind | to remember |
The essence of humanness | Human agency |
An active process of exploring, manipulating, infuencing the environment; ability to oganize regulate and enact behaviors that they believe will produce desirable consequences | Human agency |
4 core features of human agency | intentionality, foresight, self-reactiveness, self-reflectiveness |
A proactive commitment to actions that may bring about desired outcomes | Intentionality |
The ability to set goals, anticipate likely outcomes of their actions and to select behaviors that will produce desired outcomes and avoid undesirable | Forethought |
People monitoring their progress toward fulfilling their choices | Self-reactiveness |
Allows people to think about and evaluate their motives, values and life goals | Self-reflectiveness |
The foundation of human agency | Self-efficacy |
People’s beliefs in their capability to exercise some measure of control over their own functioning and over environmental events | self-efficacy |
One's prediction of the likely consequences of behavior | Outcome expectancy |
Sources of self-efficacy | mastery experiences; social modeling; social persuasion; physical and emotional states |
The most influential source of self-efficacy | mastery experiences |
Able to rely on others for goods and services | proxy agency |
People's shared beliefs that they can bring about change | collective agency |
By using reflective thought, humans can manipulate their environments and produce consequences of their actions, giving them some ability to regulate their own behavior | self-regulation |
2 external factors of self-regulation | standards of evaluation | external reinforcement |
Refers to the notion that self-regulatory influences are not automatic but operate only if activated. It also means that people react differently in different situations, depending on their evaluation of the situation | selective activation |
People are capable of separating themselves from the negative consequences of their behavior; allow people to engage in inhumane behavior while retaining moral standards | Disengagement of internal control |
Techniques of disengagement | redefine behavior; disregard/distort consequences of behavior; dehumanize or blame victims; displace or diffuse responsibility |
People redefine behavior by | moral justifications; palliative comparisons (compare behavior sa mga mas grabi pa); euphemistic labels (change moral tone of behavior, metaphors) |
Is leaned through the mutual interaction of the person, the environment and behavioral factors (bad) | Dysfunctional behavior |
Depression characteristics | self-observation (misjudge own performance) Judgmental processes (set personal standards too high) self-reaction (treat self badly for their faults) |
Leaned thru direct experience, inappropriate generalization, observational experiences | Phobias |
Acquired thru observation, direct with positive, negative reinforcements, training, bizarre beliefs (e.g. bobo doll experiment) | Aggression |
Emphasizes cognitive mediation and self-regulation | Goal of bandura's therapy |
Characteristics of social cognitive therapy | overt or vicarious modeling (live performance of behavior); covert or cognitive modeling (visualize performing fearsome behaviors); enactive mastery (systematic desensitization) |
Bandura sees humans as being relatively fluid and flexible. People can store past experiences and then use this information to chart future actions. | Concept of humanity |