Back to AI Flashcard MakerPsychology /Y1 Psychology: Biological Individual and Developmental Differences in Aggression Part 2
Y1 Psychology: Biological Individual and Developmental Differences in Aggression Part 2
This deck covers key concepts in understanding how biological and developmental factors influence aggression, including evolutionary explanations, hormonal influences, and Freud's theory.
How does evolution explain developmental differences in behaviour?
• Ancestors having to compete for resources to survive to a reproductive age would pass on aid of aggressive gene • Males get jealous/aggressive if unsure if child is biologically there as don’t want to share resources • Women get jealous/aggressive if suspect infidelity as fear man is sharing resource with another women so risk of dying
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Key Terms
Term
Definition
How does evolution explain developmental differences in behaviour?
• Ancestors having to compete for resources to survive to a reproductive age would pass on aid of aggressive gene • Males get jealous/aggressive if un...
Give a piece of supporting evidence for evolution explaining developmental differences in behaviour.
Daly and Watson (1995) support as found that males have developed mate retention strategies such as domestic abuse to ensure child is theirs.
Evaluate 2 strengths of evolution explaining developmental differences in behaviour.
1) Less reductionist as it accounts for how the environment shapes which genes are passed on due to the ones being most favourable for survival 2) Hig...
Evaluate 3 weaknesses of evolution explaining developmental differences in behaviour.
1) Low generalisability as much research (e.g. Lorenz 1963) uses animals that have different evolutionary standards therefore doesn’t represent favour...
Define ‘hormones’.
They are chemical messengers that travel in the blood affecting metabolism and mood.
How do hormones explain developmental differences in behaviour?
• Large amounts of testosterone develops during puberty in boys accounting for increased aggression and violent crimes during these times • The chemic...
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| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
How does evolution explain developmental differences in behaviour? | • Ancestors having to compete for resources to survive to a reproductive age would pass on aid of aggressive gene • Males get jealous/aggressive if unsure if child is biologically there as don’t want to share resources • Women get jealous/aggressive if suspect infidelity as fear man is sharing resource with another women so risk of dying |
Give a piece of supporting evidence for evolution explaining developmental differences in behaviour. | Daly and Watson (1995) support as found that males have developed mate retention strategies such as domestic abuse to ensure child is theirs. |
Evaluate 2 strengths of evolution explaining developmental differences in behaviour. | 1) Less reductionist as it accounts for how the environment shapes which genes are passed on due to the ones being most favourable for survival 2) High reliability due to much research showing consistent results of behaviours being innate corresponding with Darwin’s theory of natural selection |
Evaluate 3 weaknesses of evolution explaining developmental differences in behaviour. | 1) Low generalisability as much research (e.g. Lorenz 1963) uses animals that have different evolutionary standards therefore doesn’t represent favourable human behaviour 2) Deterministic due to stating behaviours are innate with no free will to govern whether or not they manifest 3) Cannot account for aggression in all types of relationships as male same sex couples will not experience jealousy if their child isn’t theirs due to not being able to pass on their genes for a biological child |
Define ‘hormones’. | They are chemical messengers that travel in the blood affecting metabolism and mood. |
How do hormones explain developmental differences in behaviour? | • Large amounts of testosterone develops during puberty in boys accounting for increased aggression and violent crimes during these times • The chemical imbalance during puberty will account for rises in cortisol which is the hormone related to stress that can cause increased aggression |
Give a piece of supporting evidence for hormones explaining developmental differences in behaviour. | • Kalat (1998) found that in 15-25 yr old men those with the highest level of testosterone have the highest level of aggression, committing the most violent crimes • Barzman (2013) found that the amount of cortisol in the saliva of 17 boys aged 7-9 taken 30 mins after waking up correlated with the number of aggressive incidents recorded by nurses |
Evaluate 2 strengths of hormones explaining developmental differences in behaviour. | 1) High generalisability as rats and humans share more than 90% of their genes and so some comparisons can be made 2) Research has high reliability as all studies have found a link between cortisol and testosterone and aggression therefore giving scientific credibility to findings |
Evaluate 3 weaknesses of hormones explaining developmental differences in behaviour. | 1) Low generalisability due to much research being carried out on animals such as Wagner’s (1979) rats who were injected with testosterone 2) Low validity due to not being able to establish cause and effect between increased hormone level and increased aggression 3) Reductionist as explanation for complex phenomenon of aggression is reduced to the role of hormones which doesn’t acknowledge influence from the environment |
How does Freud's theory account for developmental differences of aggression? | Problems during the psychosexual developmental stages can affect behaviour in future life such as fixation during anal development age 1-3 years leading to future tendencies to rebel and be aggressive from rebelling against parents by pleasure from holding faeces in Development of the Odepius and Electra complex during age 3-5 years in which boys and girls establish a superego from their fathers which may result in a weak one if a girl, or if there is no father |