Back to AI Flashcard MakerPsychology /Y1: Psychology: Cognitive Individual Differences in Memory Part 2
Y1: Psychology: Cognitive Individual Differences in Memory Part 2
This deck covers key concepts from studies on individual differences in memory, including Bartlett's and Palombo's research, and explores various types of memory such as episodic, semantic, spatial, and prospective.
How do the results of Bartlett’s (1932) War of the Ghosts study as an explanation for individual differences in memory.
• Some ppts used confabulation to make sense of it (e.g. someone dying at sunset instead of sunrise) • Some ppts used rationalisation to make sense of it (e.g. no ghosts) • People’s schemas are different due to their different life experience which makes up their idea of a situation • Therefore different people will reconstruct different parts of the original story, showing an individual difference in memory
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Key Terms
Term
Definition
How do the results of Bartlett’s (1932) War of the Ghosts study as an explanation for individual differences in memory.
• Some ppts used confabulation to make sense of it (e.g. someone dying at sunset instead of sunrise) • Some ppts used rationalisation to make sense of...
State a strength of using Bartlett’s (1932) study as an explanation for individual differences in memory.
P - Barlett’s theory can be scientifically tested E - Operationalising memory in the form of a story having features that can be counted each time the...
State a weakness of using Bartlett’s (1932) study as an explanation for individual differences in memory.
P - Low validity E - The folk tale of the War of the Ghosts is deliberately ambiguous E - Due to the weird way in which it was written, it wouldn’t re...
Define an ‘episodic’ memory.
A memory of a life experience/event.
Give an example of an episodic memory.
A memory of the first day at school.
How are there individual differences in episodic memories?
Individuals have different life experiences.
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| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
How do the results of Bartlett’s (1932) War of the Ghosts study as an explanation for individual differences in memory. | • Some ppts used confabulation to make sense of it (e.g. someone dying at sunset instead of sunrise) • Some ppts used rationalisation to make sense of it (e.g. no ghosts) • People’s schemas are different due to their different life experience which makes up their idea of a situation • Therefore different people will reconstruct different parts of the original story, showing an individual difference in memory |
State a strength of using Bartlett’s (1932) study as an explanation for individual differences in memory. | P - Barlett’s theory can be scientifically tested E - Operationalising memory in the form of a story having features that can be counted each time they are recalled will measure accuracy E - Therefore reductionism is scientific as it allows for things to be measurable leading to easy replication |
State a weakness of using Bartlett’s (1932) study as an explanation for individual differences in memory. | P - Low validity E - The folk tale of the War of the Ghosts is deliberately ambiguous E - Due to the weird way in which it was written, it wouldn’t represent memory in real life because it was so obscure |
Define an ‘episodic’ memory. | A memory of a life experience/event. |
Give an example of an episodic memory. | A memory of the first day at school. |
How are there individual differences in episodic memories? | Individuals have different life experiences. |
Define a ‘semantic’ memory. | A memory of facts and knowledge. |
Give an example of a semantic memory. | The capital of France is Paris. |
Define a ‘spatial’ memory. | A memory of the environment/setting. |
Give an example of a spatial memory. | Remembering the location of your first house. |
Define a 'prospective' memory. | A memory that involves remembering to a planned action/intention at a future point. |
Give an example of a prospective memory. | Remembering to wish someone a happy birthday tomorrow. |
How do the results of Palombo's (2012) study as an explanation for individual differences in memory. | Conducted a 5 point Likert scale survey on autobiographical memory containing 102 items The findings suggest that those scoring high on episodic memory will also score high on semantic memory and vice versa (either having good or bad memory recall) Also found that men score higher on spatial memory showing individual differences in memory with gender |
State a strength of using Palombo's (2012) study as an explanation for individual differences in memory. | P - High reliability E - Evidence of consistency with biological evidence from brain imaging of activity shows that men use the left side of their brain more which is where spatial skills are located there E - Therefore supporting Palombo's findings with scientific and credible data |
State a weakness of using Palombo's (2012) study as an explanation for individual differences in memory. | P - Low validity E - The questionnaire uses self-report, retrospective data in which people may not make accurate judgements on their own memory E - Therefore reduces credibility of results as there may be bias inaccuracies |