Back to AI Flashcard MakerPsychology /Y2: Psychology: Clinical Anorexia: Social Treatments - Token Economy Part 2
Y2: Psychology: Clinical Anorexia: Social Treatments - Token Economy Part 2
This deck covers the use of token economy programmes in treating anorexia, evaluating various aspects using the DESSERT acronym, and includes supporting and rejecting studies.
Describe how a token economy programme is used for treating anorexia.
• They take place in closed institutions with controlled environments, such as in hospitals • The staff and patient establish primary reinforcers and when secondary reinforcers should be awarded for target behaviours, such as eating a full meal • Primary reinforcers can include time with family with secondary reinforcers of tokens • Negative reinforcement can also be used with things such as a target behaviour being show, leading to removal from a task they don’t enjoy • The reinforcers should be given immediately to maintain trust and engagement in the programme • Shaping is used with tokens being easy to gain at first but getting increasing harder as they progress in order to become more subtle to mirror the outside world, such as sitting at a table to eat food being reinforced at the start changing to eating the whole meal • Objective measures such as weight gain or number of tokens received are a reflection of progress
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Key Terms
Term
Definition
Describe how a token economy programme is used for treating anorexia.
• They take place in closed institutions with controlled environments, such as in hospitals • The staff and patient establish primary reinforcers and ...
Using the acronym ‘DESSERT’, evaluate a ‘different treatment’ point.
P - Drug treatments as an alternative therapy E - Antipsychotics and SSRIs are administered to reduce co-morbid symptoms of depression and anxiety tha...
Using the acronym ‘DESSERT’, evaluate an ‘expense’ point.
P - Token economy programmes can take a long time E - Certain patients may need a longer time on the programme due to the severity of their case E - T...
Using the acronym ‘DESSERT’, evaluate 2 supporting ‘studies’ point.
P - Stunkard (1976) supports E - He successfully used positive reinforcement with ANs to encourage them to eat normally E - Therefore showing that pos...
Using the acronym ‘DESSERT’, evaluate 2 rejecting ‘studies’ point.
P - Field (2004) rejects E - They found that although programmes were effective on the whole there was still a number of young people who didn’t respo...
Using the acronym ‘DESSERT’, evaluate a ‘side effects’ point.
P - No side effects E - The treatment itself has no side effects however sometimes cases are so severe medication must be taken alongside for addition...
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| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
Describe how a token economy programme is used for treating anorexia. | • They take place in closed institutions with controlled environments, such as in hospitals • The staff and patient establish primary reinforcers and when secondary reinforcers should be awarded for target behaviours, such as eating a full meal • Primary reinforcers can include time with family with secondary reinforcers of tokens • Negative reinforcement can also be used with things such as a target behaviour being show, leading to removal from a task they don’t enjoy • The reinforcers should be given immediately to maintain trust and engagement in the programme • Shaping is used with tokens being easy to gain at first but getting increasing harder as they progress in order to become more subtle to mirror the outside world, such as sitting at a table to eat food being reinforced at the start changing to eating the whole meal • Objective measures such as weight gain or number of tokens received are a reflection of progress |
Using the acronym ‘DESSERT’, evaluate a ‘different treatment’ point. | P - Drug treatments as an alternative therapy E - Antipsychotics and SSRIs are administered to reduce co-morbid symptoms of depression and anxiety that also cause weight gain E - This may be more effective due to the more immediate effect of weight gain rather than a long procedure of TEP |
Using the acronym ‘DESSERT’, evaluate an ‘expense’ point. | P - Token economy programmes can take a long time E - Certain patients may need a longer time on the programme due to the severity of their case E - This can therefore become very expensive due to paying for stay in an institution as well as the therapy sessions |
Using the acronym ‘DESSERT’, evaluate 2 supporting ‘studies’ point. | P - Stunkard (1976) supports E - He successfully used positive reinforcement with ANs to encourage them to eat normally E - Therefore showing that positive reinforcements are effective at treating restrictive anorexia P - Sonoda (1974) supports E - Reports the case of a 10 year old with AN treated with appetite stimulants without results then recovered after using token economy instead E - Therefore showing that token economy is more effective than other treatments |
Using the acronym ‘DESSERT’, evaluate 2 rejecting ‘studies’ point. | P - Field (2004) rejects E - They found that although programmes were effective on the whole there was still a number of young people who didn’t respond E - Therefore showing it’s not completely effective as doesn’t work for all P - Paul and Lentz (1977) rejects E - Found that 11% of patients in a psychiatric unit needed drugs alongside a TEP programme E - Showing its insufficiency due to needing other treatment alongside |
Using the acronym ‘DESSERT’, evaluate a ‘side effects’ point. | P - No side effects E - The treatment itself has no side effects however sometimes cases are so severe medication must be taken alongside for additional psychological support E - Therefore side effects from antipsychotics such as drowsiness and blurred vision may cause someone to stop taking them and lose faith in the programme |
Using the acronym ‘DESSERT’, evaluate an ‘ethics’ point. | P - Low social control E - The staff and patient both establish reinforcers, target behaviours, and when they should be rewarded E - This therefore gives the patient an element of control over their programme, however staff still have more social control with the power to withhold tokens |
Using the acronym ‘DESSERT’, evaluate a ‘reason or mask’ point. | P - Mask E - The programme only shapes the behaviour of those with anorexia by getting them to learn desired behaviours with reinforcers given in a controlled setting E - This therefore doesn’t address the reason anorexia was developed and so there is a possibility it may come back when outside of the controlled hospital environment |
Using the acronym ‘DESSERT’, evaluate a ‘time commitment’ point. | P - Some cases can take a while E - It involves a lengthy process of staying in a hospital for a couple of months in order to ensure target behaviours are being shown E - Therefore drug treatments may be more effective as there is little time commitment in comparison, making someone more likely to complete the treatment |
Any other evaluative points? | P - High reliability E - Progress is measured by the amount of tokens, therapy sessions, and desired behaviours shown E - Therefore success of the programme is easy to measure and analyse objectively |