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Y2: Psychology: Criminal: XYY Syndrome

Psychology11 CardsCreated about 2 months ago

This flashcard set covers basic genetic concepts related to human chromosomes, focusing on gender determination and the XYY syndrome. It explains the typical chromosome pairs, the genetic makeup of males and females, and how rare chromosomal variations like XYY occur and potentially influence development and behavior.

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How many pairs of chromosomes do humans have?

23

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Key Terms

Term
Definition

How many pairs of chromosomes do humans have?

23

What combination of chromosomes in the 23rd pair determines gender?


Male - XY

Females - XX

What does XYY syndrome involve?

When a male receives an extra Y chromosome, resulting in 47 chromosomes instead of 46.

How often does it occur and what are the genetics?

1/1000 of every male birth and it is not inherited but instead it is a random occurrence.

What are the affects of this condition?

  • Some may grow taller and faster

  • Some may have lower intelligence

  • Some may have behavioural problems

    • <...

Why might XYY syndrome lead to criminal behaviour?

Behavioural problems may lead to impulsivity and so leading to criminal behaviour. Males who are more physically active may lead to anti-social beh...

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Y2: Psychology: Criminal: XYY Syndrome
TermDefinition

How many pairs of chromosomes do humans have?

23

What combination of chromosomes in the 23rd pair determines gender?


Male - XY

Females - XX

What does XYY syndrome involve?

When a male receives an extra Y chromosome, resulting in 47 chromosomes instead of 46.

How often does it occur and what are the genetics?

1/1000 of every male birth and it is not inherited but instead it is a random occurrence.

What are the affects of this condition?

  • Some may grow taller and faster

  • Some may have lower intelligence

  • Some may have behavioural problems

  • Some may be more physically active than others

  • Some may lack empathy

Why might XYY syndrome lead to criminal behaviour?

Behavioural problems may lead to impulsivity and so leading to criminal behaviour. Males who are more physically active may lead to anti-social behaviour.

How does this affect gender and criminality.

Due to women having the pair XX it is impossible for them to gain two extra YY chromosomes to lead to XYY syndrome.

Using the acronym ‘EACH’, evaluate 2 ‘evidence’ points.

P - Stockholm (2012) supports
E - Found that there was a significant increase in the number of convictions in a group of males with XYY compared to general incidences of crime in general pop
E - Therefore suggesting that having XYY syndrome correlates to criminal behaviour
P - Jacob et al (2012) supports
E - Found a link between XYY prison population, norm being 1/1000, here 15/1000
E - This over representation shows higher than normal in criminals

Using the acronym ‘EACH’, evaluate 2 ‘how’ points.

P - Cannot establish cause and effect
E - Only shows a relationship between having XYY syndrome and committing crimes
E - Therefore there may be other factors contributing to conviction rates such as socioeconomic background rather than genetics
P - Difficult to identify
E - There is no actual way of seeing chromosomes
E - And so it is putting a label on something that can’t be defined therefore diagnosis is difficult

Are there any practical applications?

P - Yes
E - If the syndrome is found early (around 25% are found at birth) then issues of criminality can be addressed
E - This may prevent the labelling arising from the syndrome and therefore reducing the likelihood of a link with criminality

Using the acronym ‘EACH’, evaluate 2 ‘criticism’ points.

P - Cannot account for all crime
E - XYY syndrome only affects males
E - Therefore it doesn’t explain why females commit crimes
P - Theilgaard (1984) found that XYY males had lower levels of intelligence
E - He argued that increased levels of crime may be due to the learning difficulties associated with the condition rather than the condition itself
E - Therefore suggesting that having the genotype XYY may not be a direct cause of criminality