QQuestionAnatomy and Physiology
QuestionAnatomy and Physiology
"Which statement best describes how independent assortment affects gametes?
A. Chromosomes are sorted during meiosis so that each gamete receives either all maternal or all paternal genes.
B. Homologous chromosomes are pulled apart at random, so some gametes do not receive a complete set of chromosomes.
C. The distribution of chromosomes is carefully controlled during meiosis so that all gametes are identical.
D. Tetrads align randomly, so when they are pulled apart, gametes receive different combinations of chromosomes."
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Answer
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Step 1: Identify the correct statement describing independent assortment.
Independent assortment is the process by which homologous chromosomes align randomly during meiosis and are separated into different gametes. This results in gametes with unique combinations of chromosomes.
Step 2: Eliminate incorrect options.
Option A: Chromosomes are sorted during meiosis so that each gamete receives either all maternal or all paternal genes. This statement is incorrect because, during meiosis, homologous chromosomes (which carry different versions of genes, some maternal and some paternal) are separated, ensuring that gametes receive a mix of maternal and paternal genes. Option B: Homologous chromosomes are pulled apart at random, so some gametes do not receive a complete set of chromosomes. This statement is partially correct. Homologous chromosomes are pulled apart at random, but this does not mean that gametes receive an incomplete set of chromosomes. Each gamete will still receive one set of chromosomes, half from each parent. Option C: The distribution of chromosomes is carefully controlled during meiosis so that all gametes are identical. This statement is incorrect because independent assortment leads to the creation of genetically unique gametes.
Final Answer
Tetrads align randomly, so when they are pulled apart, gametes receive different combinations of chromosomes.
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