New Portage Learning NURS251 Pharmacology Module 4 with Answers (85 Solved Questions)
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NEW PORTAGE LEARNING NURS 251 PHARMACOLOGY
MODULE 4 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
Hypertension - -answer--most often patients are asymptomatic
-headache, visual changes, and dizziness are experienced
-most common of all cardiovascular diseases affecting 60 million Americans
Therapy options for Hypertension (4) - -answer--Diuretics
-B adrenergic -Blocking Agents
-Calcium Channel Blockers
-Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Inhibitors
Diuretics - -answer--Considered first line of therapy fro hypertension
-Works by promoting excretion of sodium and water which in turn decreases blood
volume and pressure
What are the two major types of diuretics - -answer-Thiazide diuretics
loop diuretics
Thiazide diuretics (what is the most commonly used) - -answer--Hydrochlorothiazide
(HCTZ) (most commonly used thiazide) for hypertension
-frequently associated with xerostomia
-must avoid orthostatic hypotension
Loop diuretics (what is most commonly used) - -answer--Fluosemide (Lasix) is most
common loop diuretic
-Used I the management of hypertensive patients with CHF
B-Adrenergic Blocking Agents - -answer--lower blood pressure primarily by decreasing
cardiac output
-considered the second line therapy
Examples of B-Adrenergic Blocking Agents (2) - -answer--Propranolo (Interpol)
-Metaprolo (Lopressor)
What will happen if patients taking nonspecific B-blockers such as propranolol are given
epinephrine - -answer-May have a two to four fold increase in vasodepressor response
-Use caution with Epinephrine
-neither gingival retraction cord containing epinephrine nor 1:50,000 epinephrine should
be used.
Calcium Channel Blockers - -answer-Works by producing systemic vasodilation by
blocking vasoconstriction in smooth muscle of blood vessels
Effects not reduced by NSAIDS
MODULE 4 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
Hypertension - -answer--most often patients are asymptomatic
-headache, visual changes, and dizziness are experienced
-most common of all cardiovascular diseases affecting 60 million Americans
Therapy options for Hypertension (4) - -answer--Diuretics
-B adrenergic -Blocking Agents
-Calcium Channel Blockers
-Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Inhibitors
Diuretics - -answer--Considered first line of therapy fro hypertension
-Works by promoting excretion of sodium and water which in turn decreases blood
volume and pressure
What are the two major types of diuretics - -answer-Thiazide diuretics
loop diuretics
Thiazide diuretics (what is the most commonly used) - -answer--Hydrochlorothiazide
(HCTZ) (most commonly used thiazide) for hypertension
-frequently associated with xerostomia
-must avoid orthostatic hypotension
Loop diuretics (what is most commonly used) - -answer--Fluosemide (Lasix) is most
common loop diuretic
-Used I the management of hypertensive patients with CHF
B-Adrenergic Blocking Agents - -answer--lower blood pressure primarily by decreasing
cardiac output
-considered the second line therapy
Examples of B-Adrenergic Blocking Agents (2) - -answer--Propranolo (Interpol)
-Metaprolo (Lopressor)
What will happen if patients taking nonspecific B-blockers such as propranolol are given
epinephrine - -answer-May have a two to four fold increase in vasodepressor response
-Use caution with Epinephrine
-neither gingival retraction cord containing epinephrine nor 1:50,000 epinephrine should
be used.
Calcium Channel Blockers - -answer-Works by producing systemic vasodilation by
blocking vasoconstriction in smooth muscle of blood vessels
Effects not reduced by NSAIDS
What is one of the few antihypertensive agent whose effect is not reduced by NSAIDS -
-answer-Calcium channel blockers
Common oral manifestations of calcium channel blockers - -answer-Xerostomia
gingival enlargement
Common calcium channel blocking agents - -answer--Cardizem (Dilitiazem)
-Norvasc (Amylodipine)
-Verapamil (Isoptin, Calan)
-Nifedipine (Procardia, Adalat)
Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Inhibitors (ACE) - -answer-Blood pressure is lowered
when these drugs block the conversion of Angiotensin I and Angiotensin II (causes
dilation)
Cardiovascular diseases include.. (6) - -answer-Hypertension
Angina
Heart attack
Congestive heart failure
Arrhythmias
Cerebrovascular accident
What is the leading cause of death in the US - -answer-Cardiovascular diseases
Cardiovascular Contraindications to dental treatment (5) - -answer-Acute myocardial
infarction (w/in the preceding 3-6 mo)
Unstable (or recent onset) angina
Uncontrolled congestive heart failure
Uncontrolled arrhythmias
Significant uncontrolled hypertension (180/110)
Cardiovascular drugs are used to treat (3) - -answer-Congestive heart failure
Angina
hypertension
What is the most common type of drug used to treat CHF and how? - -answer-Digitalis
Glycosides
Increases contractile strength
What is the most commonly used product (Digitalis Glycosides) to treat CHF - -answer-
Digoxin (lanoxin)
What happens when Digoxin are used in combination with sympathomimetics - -
answer-Can lead to cardiac arrhythmias,
so vasoconstrictors added to local anesthetics should be used with caution
-answer-Calcium channel blockers
Common oral manifestations of calcium channel blockers - -answer-Xerostomia
gingival enlargement
Common calcium channel blocking agents - -answer--Cardizem (Dilitiazem)
-Norvasc (Amylodipine)
-Verapamil (Isoptin, Calan)
-Nifedipine (Procardia, Adalat)
Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Inhibitors (ACE) - -answer-Blood pressure is lowered
when these drugs block the conversion of Angiotensin I and Angiotensin II (causes
dilation)
Cardiovascular diseases include.. (6) - -answer-Hypertension
Angina
Heart attack
Congestive heart failure
Arrhythmias
Cerebrovascular accident
What is the leading cause of death in the US - -answer-Cardiovascular diseases
Cardiovascular Contraindications to dental treatment (5) - -answer-Acute myocardial
infarction (w/in the preceding 3-6 mo)
Unstable (or recent onset) angina
Uncontrolled congestive heart failure
Uncontrolled arrhythmias
Significant uncontrolled hypertension (180/110)
Cardiovascular drugs are used to treat (3) - -answer-Congestive heart failure
Angina
hypertension
What is the most common type of drug used to treat CHF and how? - -answer-Digitalis
Glycosides
Increases contractile strength
What is the most commonly used product (Digitalis Glycosides) to treat CHF - -answer-
Digoxin (lanoxin)
What happens when Digoxin are used in combination with sympathomimetics - -
answer-Can lead to cardiac arrhythmias,
so vasoconstrictors added to local anesthetics should be used with caution
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