New Portage Learning NURS251 Pharmacology Module 4 with Answers (85 Solved Questions)

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NEW PORTAGE LEARNING NURS 251 PHARMACOLOGY
MODULE 4
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
Hypertension
- -answer--most often patients are asymptomatic
-
headache, visual changes, and dizziness are experienced
-
most common of all cardiovascular diseases affecting 60 million Americans
Therapy options for Hypertension (4)
- -answer--Diuretics
-
B adrenergic -Blocking Agents
-
Calcium Channel Blockers
-
Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Inhibitors
Diuretics
- -answer--Considered first line of therapy fro hypertension
-
Works by promoting excretion of sodium and water which in turn decreases blood
volume and pressure

What are the two major types of diuretics
- -answer-Thiazide diuretics
loop diuretics

Thiazide diuretics (what is the most commonly used)
- -answer--Hydrochlorothiazide
(HCTZ) (most commonly used thiazide) for hypertension

-
frequently associated with xerostomia
-
must avoid orthostatic hypotension
Loop diuretics (what is most commonly used)
- -answer--Fluosemide (Lasix) is most
common loop diuretic

-
Used I the management of hypertensive patients with CHF
B
-Adrenergic Blocking Agents - -answer--lower blood pressure primarily by decreasing
cardiac output

-
considered the second line therapy
Examples of B
-Adrenergic Blocking Agents (2) - -answer--Propranolo (Interpol)
-
Metaprolo (Lopressor)
What will happen if patients taking nonspecific B
-blockers such as propranolol are given
epinephrine
- -answer-May have a two to four fold increase in vasodepressor response
-
Use caution with Epinephrine
-
neither gingival retraction cord containing epinephrine nor 1:50,000 epinephrine should
be used.

Calcium Channel Blockers
- -answer-Works by producing systemic vasodilation by
blocking vasoconstriction i
n smooth muscle of blood vessels
Effects not reduced by NSAIDS
What is one of the few antihypertensive agent whose effect is not reduced by NSAIDS -
-
answer-Calcium channel blockers
Common oral manifestations of calcium channel blockers
- -answer-Xerostomia
gingival enlargement

Common calcium channel blocking agents
- -answer--Cardizem (Dilitiazem)
-
Norvasc (Amylodipine)
-
Verapamil (Isoptin, Calan)
-
Nifedipine (Procardia, Adalat)
Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Inhibitors (ACE)
- -answer-Blood pressure is lowered
when these drugs block the conversion of Angiotensin I and Angiotensin II (causes

dilation)

Cardiovascular diseases include.. (6)
- -answer-Hypertension
Angina

Heart attack

Congestive heart failure

Arrhythmias

Cerebrovascular accident

What is th
e leading cause of death in the US - -answer-Cardiovascular diseases
Cardiovascular Contraindications to dental treatment (5)
- -answer-Acute myocardial
infarction (w/in the preceding 3
-6 mo)
Unstable (or recent onset) angina

Uncontrolled congestive heart
failure
Uncontrolled arrhythmias

Significant uncontrolled hypertension (180/110)

Cardiovascular drugs are used to treat (3)
- -answer-Congestive heart failure
Angina

hypertension

What is the most common type of drug used to treat CHF and how?
- -answer-Digitalis
Glycosides

Increases contractile strength

What is the most commonly used product (Digitalis Glycosides) to treat CHF
- -answer-
Digoxin (lanoxin)

What happens when Digoxin are used in combination with sympathomimetics
- -
answer
-Can lead to cardiac arrhythmias,
so vasoconstrictors added to local anesthetics should be used with caution
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