WGU Health, Fitness, and Wellness
WGU C458 Health, Fitness & Wellness 2023-2024 Assessment Guide. Covers skeletal, muscular, nervous, and respiratory systems with key terms and functions.
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WGU - H E A L T H , F I T N E S S , AND WELLNESS - 0458
ASSESSMENT 2023-2024 Q U E S T I O N S WITH ANSWERS
WGU - HEALTH, FITNESS AND
WELLNESS C 4 5 S ASSESSMENT
2 0 2 3 - 2 0 2 4
1. Structures of the
Skeletal System: ■ Joint-two bones that come together at a joint, which vary
in type, allows for movement
• Cartilage- a tough but flexible tissue that covers the ends
of bones
■ Ligament- connective tissue that binds one bone to
another.
■ Tendons- connective tissues that attaches to the bone.
Aides in movement of bone or structure.
2. striated muscle • (skeletal muscle)-moves all bones, controls facial ex-
pressions, and eye movements.
3. smooth muscle • (visceral muscle) lines the walls of the internal organs,
such as the intestines.
4. cardiac muscle • (unique) is a combination of striated and smooth muscle.
5. central nervous
system
(brain and spinal cord)- messages travel through the
spinal cord to the brain, and the brain in response directs
all functions for the body
6. peripheral ner-
vous system
consists of all nerves outside the brain and spinal cord.
They relay messages between the C NS and other areas
of the body, including sensory organs.
7. Respiratory sys-
tem key struc-
tures and organs
• consists of lungs, passageways for air flow, blood ves-
sels, and muscles.
■ They work together to bring oxygen into the body and
expel carbon dioxide, that is produced during metabolism.
■ Lungs-primary organ- which exchange gases (oxygen
and carbon dioxide) during breathing.
8. upper respirato-
ry tract
nose, pharynx (throat), and larynx (voice box)
9. lower respiratory
tract
• trachea, (windpipe), bronchial tree, and lungs
1/16
10. Respiration
ASSESSMENT 2023-2024 Q U E S T I O N S WITH ANSWERS
WGU - HEALTH, FITNESS AND
WELLNESS C 4 5 S ASSESSMENT
2 0 2 3 - 2 0 2 4
1. Structures of the
Skeletal System: ■ Joint-two bones that come together at a joint, which vary
in type, allows for movement
• Cartilage- a tough but flexible tissue that covers the ends
of bones
■ Ligament- connective tissue that binds one bone to
another.
■ Tendons- connective tissues that attaches to the bone.
Aides in movement of bone or structure.
2. striated muscle • (skeletal muscle)-moves all bones, controls facial ex-
pressions, and eye movements.
3. smooth muscle • (visceral muscle) lines the walls of the internal organs,
such as the intestines.
4. cardiac muscle • (unique) is a combination of striated and smooth muscle.
5. central nervous
system
(brain and spinal cord)- messages travel through the
spinal cord to the brain, and the brain in response directs
all functions for the body
6. peripheral ner-
vous system
consists of all nerves outside the brain and spinal cord.
They relay messages between the C NS and other areas
of the body, including sensory organs.
7. Respiratory sys-
tem key struc-
tures and organs
• consists of lungs, passageways for air flow, blood ves-
sels, and muscles.
■ They work together to bring oxygen into the body and
expel carbon dioxide, that is produced during metabolism.
■ Lungs-primary organ- which exchange gases (oxygen
and carbon dioxide) during breathing.
8. upper respirato-
ry tract
nose, pharynx (throat), and larynx (voice box)
9. lower respiratory
tract
• trachea, (windpipe), bronchial tree, and lungs
1/16
10. Respiration
events that deliver oxygen into the body followed by the
transfer of carbon dioxide out of the body. This occurs in
tiny air sacks called alveoli.
11. Respiratory
Process
oxygen is delivered from the air through the respiratory
passages into the air sacks in the lungs. Oxygen move int
the blood in the capillaries. Carbon dioxide moves from
blood to air sacks through respiratory passages and is
expelled through mouth or nose.
12. cardiovascular
system
consists of heart and blood vessels; The heart is a pump
that has four chambers: two upper chambers and two
lower chambers; Two categories of blood vessels- arteries
and veins; Arteries- carry blood away from the heart to
the body tissues; Veins-carry oxygen-poor blood back to
the heart; ARTERY BLOOD VESSELS- muscles on left
of heart pump take blood out of the heart through the
AORTA (largest artery)
13. circulation provides supply of nutrients and oxygen to the body's
cells through the flow of blood.
14. digestive sys-
tems function
Four functions-ingestion, digestion, absorption, and elim-
ination
15. digestive system Mouth-food broken down by teeth and saliva
organs Esophagus- tube 9-10 inches long connected to stomach
Stomach-helps digest food, by mixing it with digestive
juices and churning it into a thin liquid
Small intestine- absorbs nutrients into the bloodstream
Large Intestine-Undigested food and fluids that exit small
intestine, creates stool
Anus- stool is eliminated after it passes from large intes-
tine into the rectum
Accessory organs-salivary glands, liver, gallbladder, and
pancreas
16. urinary system
function
Balance's fluids in body by stimulating thirst and produc-
ing, storing, and eliminating urine.
2 i 16
transfer of carbon dioxide out of the body. This occurs in
tiny air sacks called alveoli.
11. Respiratory
Process
oxygen is delivered from the air through the respiratory
passages into the air sacks in the lungs. Oxygen move int
the blood in the capillaries. Carbon dioxide moves from
blood to air sacks through respiratory passages and is
expelled through mouth or nose.
12. cardiovascular
system
consists of heart and blood vessels; The heart is a pump
that has four chambers: two upper chambers and two
lower chambers; Two categories of blood vessels- arteries
and veins; Arteries- carry blood away from the heart to
the body tissues; Veins-carry oxygen-poor blood back to
the heart; ARTERY BLOOD VESSELS- muscles on left
of heart pump take blood out of the heart through the
AORTA (largest artery)
13. circulation provides supply of nutrients and oxygen to the body's
cells through the flow of blood.
14. digestive sys-
tems function
Four functions-ingestion, digestion, absorption, and elim-
ination
15. digestive system Mouth-food broken down by teeth and saliva
organs Esophagus- tube 9-10 inches long connected to stomach
Stomach-helps digest food, by mixing it with digestive
juices and churning it into a thin liquid
Small intestine- absorbs nutrients into the bloodstream
Large Intestine-Undigested food and fluids that exit small
intestine, creates stool
Anus- stool is eliminated after it passes from large intes-
tine into the rectum
Accessory organs-salivary glands, liver, gallbladder, and
pancreas
16. urinary system
function
Balance's fluids in body by stimulating thirst and produc-
ing, storing, and eliminating urine.
2 i 16
17. urinary system
organs
1) Kidney- filters waste products (urea, uric, acid) from
bloodstream and removes the products in form of urine so
that they don't become wasteful to body. It also reabsorbs
fluids and other substances back to the bloodstream, so
body doesn't lose too much water and essential salts.
2) Ureter-connected to kidneys, urine flows out of kidney
through ureter
3) Bladder-holding reservoir for urine
4) Urethra- when urine start to flow it travels through it and
expelled from body. Female (1-2 in) Male (8 in.)
18. immune system (lymphatic system) is a complex network of cells, tissues,
and organs that work together to defend and protect the
body against foreign invaders that can cause sickness
and disease.
19. white blood cells it's job is to find and destroy bacteria, viruses, parasites,
(leukocytes) fungi, and substances that appear foreign and harmful.
20. integumentary
system
functions
1) Protects from environment-deeper tissue from loss of
water, salts, heat, and prevents bacteria from entering
body
2) Encloses-cover and protects fibers that send mes-
sages of pain, temperature, pressure, and touch to brain
3) Lubrication-Two types of glands that produce sebum
and sweat. Sebum-oily.
21. endocrine sys-
tem
Sends chemical messages (signals) called hormones
22. reproductive
system
produce, nourish, and transport either egg or sperm.
23. top ten deadliest Coronary artery diseases, stroke, lower respiratory infec-
diseases tions like the flu, chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases,
respiratory cancers, diabetes mellitus, Alzheimer disease
and other dementias, diarrheal diseases that result in
dehydration, tuberculosis,, and cirrhosis.
24.24.
4 r is
organs
1) Kidney- filters waste products (urea, uric, acid) from
bloodstream and removes the products in form of urine so
that they don't become wasteful to body. It also reabsorbs
fluids and other substances back to the bloodstream, so
body doesn't lose too much water and essential salts.
2) Ureter-connected to kidneys, urine flows out of kidney
through ureter
3) Bladder-holding reservoir for urine
4) Urethra- when urine start to flow it travels through it and
expelled from body. Female (1-2 in) Male (8 in.)
18. immune system (lymphatic system) is a complex network of cells, tissues,
and organs that work together to defend and protect the
body against foreign invaders that can cause sickness
and disease.
19. white blood cells it's job is to find and destroy bacteria, viruses, parasites,
(leukocytes) fungi, and substances that appear foreign and harmful.
20. integumentary
system
functions
1) Protects from environment-deeper tissue from loss of
water, salts, heat, and prevents bacteria from entering
body
2) Encloses-cover and protects fibers that send mes-
sages of pain, temperature, pressure, and touch to brain
3) Lubrication-Two types of glands that produce sebum
and sweat. Sebum-oily.
21. endocrine sys-
tem
Sends chemical messages (signals) called hormones
22. reproductive
system
produce, nourish, and transport either egg or sperm.
23. top ten deadliest Coronary artery diseases, stroke, lower respiratory infec-
diseases tions like the flu, chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases,
respiratory cancers, diabetes mellitus, Alzheimer disease
and other dementias, diarrheal diseases that result in
dehydration, tuberculosis,, and cirrhosis.
24.24.
4 r is
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