Biol 203 Module 1 - Physiological Gradient in Biology
A physiological gradient is a difference in variables such as chemical concentration, electrical charge, pressure, or temperature between two points. It drives many biological processes, including diffusion, osmosis, and nerve signaling.
A physiological __________ is a difference in chemical concentration, electrical charge, physical pressure, temperature, or other variables between one point and another.
gradient
Key Terms
A physiological __________ is a difference in chemical concentration, electrical charge, physical pressure, temperature, or other variables between one point and another.
gradient
All of the following are human organ systems except __________.
epidermal
Which of the following is not an aspect that could result in physiological variation?
Age
Gender
Environment
Physical activity
These are all aspects that can cause physiological variation.
These are all aspects that can cause physiological variation.
A hemoglobin level of 12g/dL is normal for an adult female, but low for an adult male. What is this is an example of?
-Cellular adaptation
-Holistic medicine
-Physiological variation
-Anatomical variation
-Structural differentiation
Physiological variation
What does "hypercalcemia" mean?
-Elevated calcium levels
-Lowered calcium levels
-Elevated sodium levels
-Lowered sodium levels
-Elevated potassium levels
elevated calcium levels
A mixture consists of substances that are physically blended but not chemically combined.
-true
-false
true
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| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
A physiological __________ is a difference in chemical concentration, electrical charge, physical pressure, temperature, or other variables between one point and another. | gradient |
All of the following are human organ systems except __________. | epidermal |
Which of the following is not an aspect that could result in physiological variation? | These are all aspects that can cause physiological variation. |
A hemoglobin level of 12g/dL is normal for an adult female, but low for an adult male. What is this is an example of? | Physiological variation |
What does "hypercalcemia" mean? | elevated calcium levels |
A mixture consists of substances that are physically blended but not chemically combined. | true |
Understanding Types of Chemical Reactions | true |
Connecting the Structure of Water to Its Functions | false |
In a workout your muscle cells produce lactate, yet you maintain a constant blood pH because _________ | the body contains chemicals called buffers that resist changes in pH |
Match each type of chemical reaction to its symbolic representation. | AB --> A+B = Decomposition |
Match the reaction with its correct definition. | D: large molecule breaks down into 2 or more smaller ones |
A drastic conformational change in a protein in response to extreme heat or pH is called __________. | denaturation |
What type of reaction splits a dimer into monomers? | Hydrolysis reaction |
All enzymes are __________. | proteins |
__________ are major components of cell membranes, and are said to be ______ | Phospholipids; amphiphilic |
Label the directional terms based on the directions of the arrows. | 1. anterior |
The appendix is typically found in the right lower quadrant. | true |
A change in what component of microscopy influences the apparent size of the objects being viewed? | magnification |
Which one of the following is not in the correct anatomical position? | Palms facing hips |
The fatty membrane that hangs like an apron from the inferolateral margin of the stomach and overlies the small intestine is called the __________. | greater omentum |
Structure that can be observed with the naked eye is called the | - gross anatomy |
The prefix homeo means | -same |
The simplest structures considered to be alive are | - Cells |
Which of the following people revolutionized the teaching of gross anatomy? | - Vesalius |
Which of the following embodies he greatest amount of scientific information? | - a theory |
An informed, uncertain, but testable conjecture is | - a hypothesis |
A self amplifying chain of physiological events is called | - positive feedback |
Which of the following is not a human organ system? | - epthelial |
___ means studying anatomy by touch | - percussion |
The prefix hetero means | - different |
Cutting and separating issues to reveal structural relationship is called | -dissection |
A difference in chemical concentration between one point and another is called a concentration | - gradient |
By the process of ___, a medical researcher predicts what the result of a certain experiment will be if his or her hypothesis is correct. | - deduction |
Physiological effects of a persons mental state are called __________ effects. | - psychosomatic |
The tendency of the body to maintain stable internal conditions is called_________. | - homeostasis |
Blood pH averages 7.4 but fluctuates from 7.35 to 7.45. A pH of 7.4 can therefore be considered the _________ for this variable | - set point |
Self corrective mechanisms in physiology are called ______ loops | - negative feedback |
a ____ is the simplest body structure to be composed of 2 or more tissue types | -organ |
Depth perception, or the ability to form 3D images, is also called ______ vision. | -stereoscopic |
Our hands are said to be _______ because they can encircle an object such as a branch or tool. Thee presence of an ____ thumb is important to this ability. | - prehensile; opposable |
Auscult- | listen - auscultation |
Dis- | Apart- dissection |
Homeo- | the same - homeostasis |
Metabolo- | change- metabolism |
palp- | touch-palpation |
Physio- | nature (physiology) |
-sect | Cut- dissection |
-stasis | -to stay - homeostasis |
stereo- | solid- stereoscopic |
Tomo- | to cut- tomography |
The technique for taking a patients pulse at the wrist is auscultation | FALSE: auscultation means listening o the body sounds, not inspecting the body by touch |
For a pregnant women to have an MRI scan would expose her fetus to radiation that can potentially cause mutation and birth defects | FALSE: MRI does not involve ionizing radiation and has no known risk to a fetus |
We usually depend on positive feedback to restore homeostatic balance and have a beneficial effect on the body | FALSE: positive feedback is beneficial n limited cases, but more often it causes rapid departure from the homeostatic set point and may cause illness or death. |
There are far more cells than organelles in the body | FALSE: Each cell has many organelles, so organelles outnumber the cells. |
Matter doesn't generally move down a gradient in the body unless the body expends metabolic energy to move it. | -FALSE: Matter will move spontaneously down a gradient without the need for applications of eternal energy |
Leeuwenhoek was a biologist who invented the simple microscope in order to examine organisms in lake water | FALSE: he was a textile merchant who built a microscope to example fabric |
A scientific theory is just a speculation until someone finds the evidence to prove it | - FALSE: A scientific theory is founded on a large body of evidence and summarizes what is already known. |
In a typical clinical research study, volunteer patients are in the treatments group and the physicians and scientists who run the study constitute the control group | FALSE: both the treatment and control groups consist of volunteer patients |
Human evolution is basically a theory that humans came from monkeys. | FALSE; evolutionary biologists do no believe humans evolved from monkeys, but that humans and apes evolved from the same ancestor. |
Negative feedback usually has a negative (harmful) effect on the body | FALSE: negative feedback is a self-corrective process with beneficial effect on the body |