What is a primigravida?
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| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
What is a primigravida? | It is a woman who is experiencing her first pregnancy. |
What is a multigravida? | It is a woman who has experienced previous pregnancies. |
What are Braxton-Hicks contractions? | They are preterm or false labor contractions. |
What is Lightening? | It is a sensation felt by a pregnant patient when the fetus positions itself for delivery. |
What is crowning? | It is the appearance of the infant's head at the vaginal opening during labor. |
What is preeclampsia/pregnancy-induced hypertension? | It is a condition of late pregnancy that involves headache, visual changes, and swelling of the hands and feet. |
What are the signs and symptoms of preeclampsia? | Headache, seeing spots, swelling in the hands and feet (edema), anxiety, and high blood pressure. |
What is eclampsia? | It is seizures (convulsions) resulting from severe hypertension in a pregnant woman. |
What is supine hypotensive syndrome? | It is low blood pressure resulting from compression of the inferior vena cava by the weight of the pregnant uterus when the mother is supine. (Prevent by transporting patient on her left side). |
What is an ectopic pregnancy? | It is a pregnancy that develops outside the uterus, typically in a fallopian tube. |
What is the leading cause of maternal death in the first trimester of pregnancy? | It is the internal hemorrhage into the abdomen following the rupture of an ectopic pregnancy. |
What is a miscarriage? | It is the passage of the fetus and placenta before 20 weeks; spontaneous abortion. |
What is an abruption placenta? | It is a premature separation of the placenta from the wall of the uterus. |
What is placenta previa? | It is a condition in which the placenta develops over and covers the cervix. |
Any bleeding from the vagina in a pregnant woman should be treated how? | As a serious sign and should be treated in the hospital promptly. |
What is gestational diabetes? | It is diabetes that develops during pregnancy in women who did not have diabetes before pregnancy. |
Pregnant women have an increased amount of overall what? | Increased amount of overall blood volume and an approximate 20% increase in their heart rate by the third trimester. |
When your patient is pregnant, you have two patients to care for, who is the focus? | Your focus is on the assessment and the management of the woman. |
What are the guidelines for treating a pregnant trauma patient? | 1. Maintain an open airway - increased risk of vomiting 2. Administer high-flow O2 - patient also supplying O2 to fetus 3. Ensure adequate ventilations - listen to lung sounds 4. Assess circulation - maintain Index of S. for internal bleeding 5. Transport considerations - call ALS for MOIs or major trauma |
What is meconium? | It is a dark green material in the amniotic fluid that can indicate distress or disease in the newborn; the meconium can be aspirated into the infant's lungs during delivery; aka infant's first bowel movement. |
During the physical examination of a pregnant patient what should you focus on? | You should focus on the contractions and possible delivery. |
In terms of litigation, where does obstetrics fall? | It is among the most litigated specialties in medicine; therefore, scrupulous documentation is essential. |
What are some questions to determine if delivery is imminent? | -How long have you been pregnant? -When are you due? -Is this your first baby? -Are you have contractions, how long? -Do you feel like you will have a bowel movement? -Have you had any spotting or bleeding? -Has your water broken? -Were any of your children delivered by cesarean? |
What are some questions to ask to determine any potential complications? | -Have you had any problems in a previous pregnancy? -Do you use drugs, drink, alcohol, or take any medications? -Do you know if there is a chance for multiple births? -Does your doctor expect any complications? |
What is a nucal cord? | It is an umbilical cord that is wrapped around the infant's neck. |
As soon as the infant is born, you should? | He or she needs to be dried off and wrapped immediately in a blanket or towel and placed on one side. |
What is the fundus? | It is the dome-shaped top of the uterus. |
What should you do to help control bleeding in mother who has just given birth? | After delivery massage the mother's abdomen in a firm, circular motion. The uterus will contract and become firmer. |
During delivery of the placenta, the following are considered emergency situations: | 1. More than 30 minutes elapse, and the placenta has not delivered. 2. There is more than 500 mL of bleeding before the placenta. 3. There is significant bleeding after delivery of the placenta. |
When should you begin resuscitation efforts on an infant? | After 10-15 seconds, many infants require some form of stimulation that will encourage them to breath air. |
If chest compressions are required for an infant, which technique should be used? | Use either the hand-encircling technique or the two-finger technique. |
Because cardiac arrest in neonates is nearly always the result of ventilation compromise, a compression to ventilation ratio of what should be used? | A compression to ventilation ratio of 3:1 should be used, which yields 120 actions per minute (90 compressions & 30 vents) |
If the newborn's cardiac arrest is believed to be of cardiac origin, what do you use? | Consider a higher ratio, 15:2 compressions vs. ventilations. |
What is the Apgar score? | It is a scoring system for assessing the status of a newborn that assigns a number value to each of the five areas of assessment. |
What are the five areas of assessment for the Apgar? | A - Appearance - color of the infant's skin P - Pulse - determine the beats/min G - Grimmace/irritability - newborn's response to stimuli A - Activity/muscle tone - newborns resistance to stretching R - Respiration - how air is ventilated and used for the newborn |
What is presentation? | It is the position in which an infant is born; the part of the infant that appears first. |
What is vertex presentation? | It is a delivery in which the head comes out first. |
What is breech presentation? | It is a delivery in which the buttocks come out first. |
What is limb presentation? | It is a delivery in which the presenting part is a single-arm, leg, or foot. |
What is a prolapse of the umbilical cord? | It is a situation in which the umbilical cord comes out of the vagina before the infant. |