Emergency Medical Responders /Emergency Medical Training (EMT/EMS) Part 3
Emergency Medical Training (EMT/EMS) Part 3
This deck covers key concepts and information related to emergency medical training, including drug indications, contraindications, dosages, and respiratory conditions.
contraindications of aspirin:
allergy; patient with bleeding ulcers/internal bleeding
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Key Terms
Term
Definition
contraindications of aspirin:
allergy; patient with bleeding ulcers/internal bleeding
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dosage of aspirin:
162-324 mg; 81 mg each baby aspirin
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dosage of nitroglycerin:
0.4 mg
indication of nitroglycerin
cardiac chest pain
what does nitroglycerin do?
vasodilator; drops your preload to help the heart pump; reduces workload; drops blood pressure
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conditions that must be met before administering nitroglycerin:
minimum systolic of 90mmHg; heart rate should be between 50-100; max of 3
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| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
contraindications of aspirin: | allergy; patient with bleeding ulcers/internal bleeding |
dosage of aspirin: | 162-324 mg; 81 mg each baby aspirin |
dosage of nitroglycerin: | 0.4 mg |
indication of nitroglycerin | cardiac chest pain |
what does nitroglycerin do? | vasodilator; drops your preload to help the heart pump; reduces workload; drops blood pressure |
conditions that must be met before administering nitroglycerin: | minimum systolic of 90mmHg; heart rate should be between 50-100; max of 3 |
contraindications of nitroglycerin | systolic lower than 90; cannot take with erectile dysfunction medications; allergy |
indications for oral glucose: | altered mental status; diabetes history; ability to swallow |
contraindications for oral glucose: | unconscious; inability to swallow |
action of oral glucose: | increases blood sugar and brain sugar levels |
side effects of oral glucose: | airway obstruction |
actions of epinephrine: | mimics response of sympathetic nervous system; constricts blood vessels to improve blood pressure; relaxes smooth muscles to improve breathing; stimulates heartbeat; reverses swelling and hives |
side effects of epinephrine: | increased heart rate, pale skin, dizziness, chest pain, headache, nausea, vomiting, anxiousness, excitability |
indications for epinephrine: | hypertension; altered mentation, breathing problems |
indications for albuterol: | s/s of dyspnea with bronchoconstriction, wheezing |
contraindications of albuterol: | not responsive enough to use; precautions when chest pain; hr>150 |
dosage of albuterol in neb form: | 2.5 mg/ml |
indications for activated charcoal: | poison ingested by mouth within two hours time |
contraindications for activated charcoal: | altered mental status; swallowed acids or alkalis |
wheezing: | high pitched whistling; constriction of bronchioles; LOWER airway; treat with albuterol |
common conditions where wheezing is present: | asthma, emphysema, chronic bronchitis, COPD |
rhonchi: | snoring/rattling; thick mucous secretion; sound changes when cough and move |
common conditions where rhonchi is present: | pneumonia; aspiration; chronic bronchitis, emphysema |
crackles/rales: | bubbly sound during inhalation; fluid surrounding or filling the bronchioles/alveoli; base of lungs exhibit first |
common conditions where crackles/rales are present: | pulmonary edema, pneumonia, CHF |
treatment for crackles rales: | ppv/bvm/cpap |
hypoxia vs hypoxemia: | hypoxia is decreased oxygen in tissues/cells; hypoxemia: decreased oxygen in blood stream |
apnea: | respiratory arrest; no longer breathing |
dyspnea | shortness of breath |
respiratory distress: | adequate tidal volume but difficulty breathing |
respiratory failure: | tidal volume and/or breathing rate inadequate |
what is emphysema | destruction of alveolar walls which reduce gas exchange |
s/s of emphysema: | thin barrel chest; nonproductive cough; pursed lips; pink complexion; tachypnea, tachycardia; tripod position |
what type of breathing is present in emphysema: | wheezing and rhonchi |
what is bronchitis: | inflammation, swelling, thickening of bronchioles, recurrent infections; |
s/s of bronchitis: | productive cough; overweight, JVD; peripheral edema; clubbing nails |
what type of breathing is present in bronchitis: | coarse rhonchi; wheezes, scattered rales |
treatment for bronchitis: | CPAP |
what is asthma: | irritants/allergens causing bronchospasm; swelling of inner airways |
s/s of asthma | sudden dyspnea, cough, wheezing, tachypnea, tachycardia, use of accessory muscles, fever, pulsus paradoxus, |
what type of breathing is found in asthma: | wheezing |
what is pneumonia: | infection of lungs where there's fluid or pus in the alveoli; poor gas exchange |
s/s of pneumonia: | fever, cough, dyspnea, tachypnea; tachycardia; localized chest pain; shallow respirations; altered mental status |
what type of breathing is found in pneumonia: | crackles wheezing rhonchi |
what is a pulmonary embolism: | obstruction of blood flow in the pulmonary arteries leading to hypoxia; blood cannot get to the lungs |
what side of heart failure does pulmonary embolism lead to? | right sided heart failure |
s/s of pulmonary embolism: | sudden unexplained dyspnea; localized stabbing sharp chest pain; tachypnea; tachycardia; syncope; cool moist skin; anxiety cyanosis; crackles |
what are the three things always present in a pulmonary embolism: | chest pain, dyspnea, tachypnea |
what is pulmonary edema: | patient commonly has cardiac dysfunction there are two types; cardiogenic and non-cardiogenic |
cardiogenic pulmonary edema: | LEFT sided heart failure; decreased blood flow increased pressure in pulmonary capillaries; fluid leaks into alveoli |