Art /HOSA: Med Term Endocrine Part 5
aka: type 2 diabetes mellitus
non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM)
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Key Terms
Term
Definition
aka: type 2 diabetes mellitus
non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM)
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define PREDIABETES
glucose higher than normal but not high enough for type 2
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s/s: type 2 diabetes mellitus
asymptomatic otherwise same s/s o as type 1 diabetes mellitus + irritability, recurring infections, tingling in hands/feet, acetone, abdominal pain, g...
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describe LATENT AUTOIMMUNE DIABETES IN ADULTS (LADA)
type 1 autoimmune diabetes develops in adults w/same characteristics as type 2 & generally in adults w/normal to low body weight & history of type 1
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define GESTATIONAL DIABETES MELLITUS (GDM)
begin ~ 24th week affecting 2-10% US pregnancies & resolve after birth but increase risk of developing type 2 diabetes
define DIABETIC COMA
stupor/coma caused by hyperglycemia or hypoglycemia & can be fatal if untreated
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| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
aka: type 2 diabetes mellitus | non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) |
define PREDIABETES | glucose higher than normal but not high enough for type 2 |
s/s: type 2 diabetes mellitus | asymptomatic otherwise same s/s o as type 1 diabetes mellitus + irritability, recurring infections, tingling in hands/feet, acetone, abdominal pain, glycosuria, hyperventilation |
describe LATENT AUTOIMMUNE DIABETES IN ADULTS (LADA) | type 1 autoimmune diabetes develops in adults w/same characteristics as type 2 & generally in adults w/normal to low body weight & history of type 1 |
define GESTATIONAL DIABETES MELLITUS (GDM) | begin ~ 24th week affecting 2-10% US pregnancies & resolve after birth but increase risk of developing type 2 diabetes |
define DIABETIC COMA | stupor/coma caused by hyperglycemia or hypoglycemia & can be fatal if untreated |
s/s: diabetic coma | flushed face, fruity breath, low BP, weak & rapid pulse, dry skin & tongue, urine has sugar & acetone, labored & prolonged breaths |
describe DIABETIC KETOACIDOSIS (DKA) | life-threatening complication of buildup of acid waste product (ketone bodies) in blood from high blood glucose levels; treated w/insulin, replacement fluids, & electrolytes |
s/s: severe hypoglycemia | headache, pale face, shallow/rapid breaths, normal BP, full & pounding pulse, sweating, trembling, pee negative for sugar & acetone |
aka: severe hypoglycemia | insulin shock, diabetic shock, & insulin reaction |
define DIABETIC RETINOPATHY | diabetes damage vessels of retina & can lead to blood collecting into posterior segment of eye causing vision loss |
describe KETOSIS | process help utilize fat when energy lacking; a high ketosis level causes not enough insulin to turn glucose into energy |
describe KETOGENIC DIET | high fat & low carb; can help manage epileptic seizures |
describe ADDISON'S DISEASE | adrenal glands don't make enough cortisol & sometimes aldosterone; life threatening |
s/s: Addison's disease | chronic & worsening fatigue & muscle weakness, loss of appetite, low BP, weight loss, patches of dark skin, progressive anemia, hypotension, hypoglycemia, joint pain |
define ADRENALITIS | inflammation of 1/both adrenal glands |
describe ALDOSTERONISM | abnormality of electrolyte balance from excessive secretion of aldosterone; s/s: high BP |
aka: Cushing's syndrome | hypercortisolism |
describe CUSHING'S SYNDROME | condition caused by prolonged exposure to high cortisol either from overproduction/prolonged use of corticosteroids/tumor |
s/s: Cushing's syndrome | rounded red 'moon' face, weakness, thin, easily bruised skin, hypertension, weight gain |
define HYPERGONADISM | excessive secretion from sex glands leading to early onset of puberty & increased libido |
define GYNECOMASTIA | excessive mammary development in men from hormonal imbalance/hormone therapy (high in estrogen or low in testosterone) |
describe HYPOGONADISM | deficiency of sex hormones leading to erectile dysfunction, low sperm count, decreased libido, infertility, & increase risk for cardiovascular/diabetes/other; more common than hypergonadism |
define ADRENAL FEMINIZATION | pathological development of female secondary sex traits in person w/male anatomy |
define ACIDOSIS | increase in acidity of blood, body fluids, & tissues from excess hydrogen ions |
define ADRENAL VIRLISM | presence/development of male secondary sex traits in person w/female anatomy |
define OBESITY | abnormal amnt of fat on body being > 20% over average weight for age, sex, build, & height |
define PANHYPOPITUITARISM | inadequate secretion/total lack of anterior pituitary hormones |
define PHEOCHROMOCYTOMA | tumor of adrenal glands that secrete excess epinephrine & norepinephrin |
s/s: pheochromocytoma | pounding headaches, hypertension, palpitations, paleness, shortness of breath |