NZ State Nursing Exam: Pathophysiology Quiz

Anaphylactic shock in a hospitalised patient is most likely to occur as a result of

a) A bee sting

b) Blood loss due to trauma

c) A medication hypersensitivity

d) A food allergy

Uncontrolled severe post-partum haemorrhage is most likely to result in

a) Anaphylactic shock

b) Stillbirth

c) Cardiogenic shock

d) Hypovolaemic shock

Neonatal jaundice is monitored and treated because of the risk of damage to the neonate’s

a) Brain

b) Liver

c) Kidneys

d) Eyesight

Which of the following are progestin-only preparations?

a) The contraceptive injection (Depo-Provera)

b) The mini pill

c) Mirena (an IUD)

d) All of the above

A new-born baby with a diabetic mother is most likely to

a) Be microsomic

b) Become hypoglycaemic

c) Be born with Type 1 diabetes

d) Develop hypobilirubinaemia

A baby born to a Hepatitis B positive mother is recommended to receive

a) Hep B immunoglobulin

b) Hep B immunisation

c) A and B above

d) Infant formula

A couple already have one child with cystic fibrosis, an autosomal recessive disorder. What is the probability that their next child will not have cystic fibrosis?

a) 25%

b) 50%

c) 75%

d) 100%

Pregnant women should not handle cat litter because of the risk of

a) listeriosis

b) Strep B

c) Chlamydia

d) Toxoplasmosis

The risk of atherosclerosis and coronary artery disease is decreased by an increase in:

a) HDL levels in the bloodstream.

b) Saturated fat in the diet.

c) Total cholesterol level in the bloodstream.

d) LDL levels in the bloodstream.

A drug often given as premedication to reduce anxiety before endoscopy and to cause amnesia afterwards is:

a) Nitrous oxide

b) Midazolam

c) Fentanyl

d) Paracetamol

Which of the following drugs is NOT a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID)?

a) Naproxen

b) Diclofenac

c) Ibuprofen

d) Tramadol

Naloxone (trade name Narcan) is a:

a) Non-narcotic analgesic

b) Narcotic antagonist

c) Muscle relaxant

d) Narcotic agonist

Which of the following is NOT likely to happen in anaphylactic shock?

a) Increase in blood pressure

b) Vasodilation

c) Laryngeal oedema

d) Bronchoconstriction

Primary hypercholesterolemia is a result of:

a) Diabetes mellitus

b) Obesity

c) Hypertension

d) Inherited genes

Atherosclerosis increases the risk of all of the following EXCEPT:

a) Stroke

b) Diabetes mellitus

c) Peripheral vascular disease

d) Angina

Excessive vomiting is most likely to cause

a) Lactic acidosis

b) Metabolic alkalosis

c) Respiratory alkalosis

d) Metabolic acidosis

Which of the following statements is INCORRECT?

a) Aspirin has been linked to Reye’s Syndrome in children.

b) Paracetamol overdose can cause fatal liver damage.

c) Overuse of NSAIDs can cause a fatal GI bleed.

d) Paracetamol has analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects.

Which of the following statements about tumours is TRUE?

a) Malignant tumours of epithelial tissues are called carcinomas.

b) Secondary tumours in the liver occur when liver cells become cancerous.

c) Metastasis is when cancer cells invade healthy tissue around the tumour site.

d) Malignant tumours are usually surrounded by a capsule.

Chemotherapy with cytotoxic drugs:

a) Causes an increase in the number of white blood cells.

b) Is never used systemically because the drugs are too toxic.

c) Often involves the use of several different drugs at the same time.

d) Stimulates cell division in the bone marrow.

Which of the following drugs would be least likely to be administered to a conscious patient?

a) Propofol (a barbiturate administered IV)

b) Suxamethonium (an acetyl choline receptor antagonist)

c) Midazolam (a benzodiazepine)

d) Nitrous oxide (administered via the lungs)

In spinal anaesthesia, the anaesthetic is administered into the

a) Epidural space

b) Spinal cord

c) Subarachnoid space

d) Pudendal nerve

The mode of action of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs is they

a) Bind to opioid receptors in the central nervous system

b) Inhibit the prostaglandin-producing COX enzyme

c) Bind to H1 histamine receptors in peripheral tissues

d) Inhibit acetylcholinesterase in neuromuscular junctions

The arterial blood pressure that a ventricle must overcome in order to eject blood is the

a) Afterload

b) Venous return

c) Preload

d) Stroke volume

Which of the following would cause stroke volume to increase?

a) Decreased blood volume

b) Decreased preload

c) Haemorrhage

d) Increased venous return

Immunisation against Covid-19 is an example of

a) Artificially-acquired active immunity

b) Artificially-acquired passive immunity

c) Naturally-acquired active immunity

d) Naturally-acquired passive immunity

In New Zealand, the relatively high incidence of rheumatic fever is due to throat infections caused by:

a) Staphylococcus aureus

b) Escherichia coli

c) Streptococcus pyogenes

d) Candida albicans

Untreated rheumatic fever is dangerous because of the damage it can cause to the:

a) Brain

b) Joints

c) Liver

d) Heart

With reference to antibiotic sensitivity testing, which of the following statements is INCORRECT?

a) One common test used is the disc diffusion method where the antibiotics are placed on discs on an agar plate covered with the pathogen.

b) Antibiotic sensitivity testing measures the sensitivity of the patient to particular antibiotics.

c) These tests usually take 2-3 days and it is often necessary to start antibiotic treatment before the results come back.

d) Antibiotic resistance is what bacteria have when they are no longer sensitive to a particular antibiotic.