Plumbing - Building Water Supply Part 11

It has a closed spout and can be used for shallow pumping applications.

If system has not been properly cleaned prior to installation of pump, foreign matter such as dirt, pipe scale, core sand, etc. may clog the impeller and damage the seal. A strainer is recommended in return line to pump. Pump must not be operated dry.

It is a close coupled pump which features high efficiency, rugged construction and in-line mounting.

It should be placed as near as possible to the source of supply, particularly when operating with a suction lift and located to permit installation with the fewest possible number of bends or elbows in the suction pipe. The maximum suction-lift should not exceed 15', including friction losses.

It is a close coupled pump which features foot mounting, light weight design, pump casing with top centerline discharge and self flushing mechanical seal. It's stainless steel construction makes it ideal for service with domestic water, fresh water, boiler feed water, condensate, hydronic cooling or heating, pressure boosting, general pumping and bening liquids.

If it is not installed in a closed system, it should be placed as near as possible to the source of supply, and located to permit installation with the fewest number of bends or elbows in the suction pipe.

It can be operated clockwise or counterclockwise and should be located on a concrete floor with subsoil underneath and with plenty of room for inspection, maintenance and service. If the use of a hoist or tackle is needed allow sufficient head room.

They are available in single, two, three or four stage models. They are generally used for low flow applications involving high pressures such as boiler feed water systems, etc.

A vacuum pumps are usually of the piston or vane type. They create a pressure condition below that of the atmosphere and are used to evacuate refrigeration systems.

Using a vacuum pump.

They can be used to test newly installed or repaired water lines, commercial sprinkler systems, reassure vessels, etc.

Read manufacturing data on the engine, relief valve, and surge tank as applicable.

Check oil level in crank case.

Do not use test pump to fill pipe that is to be tested. The line should be filled by some other means.

Do not use water from a muddy ditch or rusty barrel. Do not remove intake line strainer except to clean. Sand and other contaminants will damage pump.

When drawing from a drum, be sure the intake hose is not resting against the wall of the drum, restricting the intake suction.

Do not use hose or fittings which are rated for less than the test pressure being used.

Do not run pump dry.

Do not tamper with engine setting.

Do not pump chlorine solution unless unit is designed for use with chlorine. Chlorine can damage the pump and valve seals.

Connect water to source to intake side and high pressure hose provided with unit to the pressure side.

Open all valves and purge air out of system. Prime pump if you are drafting water out of a tank.

Start engine. As pressure builds, adjust relief/unloaded valve for desired test pressure, as indicated on the pressure gage. If you turn the relief hand valve screw clockwise, it increases the pressure. If it is turned counterclockwise, it decreases the pressure.

When you reach the desired pressure, close the ball valve and shut off engine.

System is not isolated and leaks can be detected by watching the gage for pressure drop.

Do not use test pressure higher than unit rating.

Testing residential water lines and pressure testing small pressure tanks, sprinkler, hydronic heating and solar piping systems.

Siphon method. City water method.

Use a filtered hose.

Fill the water line to be tested.

Place the intake hose into your source, and pump (the unit is self-priming). Continue to pump until you see water coming out of the outlet, with little or no air mixed with it.

Connect the output hose to the water line.

Watch the gage while pumping. Close the valve about 90* when approaching the desired pressure. As soon as the desired pressure is reached, shutoff the valve completely.

If pressure drops off, there is a leak in the line.

Connect the output hose to water line being tested.

Connect input hose to city water.

Open valve and turn on water.

Bring line to pressure by pumping handle.

Watch the gage while pumping. Close the valve about 90* when approaching the desired pressure. As soon as the desired pressure is reached, shutoff the valve completely.

If pressure drops off, there is a leak in the line.

Rigidly support the baseplate to maintain alignment of the installed unit.

To eliminate noise in a piping system caused by pump vibration, a concrete foundation on a soil base can be used. Foundation made of reinforced concrete should be poured in advance of the installation to allow proper time for drying and curing. Some circumstances require that vibration elimination devices be placed between the pump base and the concrete foundation. When installing a pump on steelwork or other types of such a structure, it should be placed directly over the supporting members, such as bearing walls or beams.

It should be placed on the foundation and the coupling halves disconnected. The coupling should not be reconnected until the alignment operations have been completed. The baseplate should be supported on metal shims or wedges having a small taper. Some should be pleased close to the foundation bolts. Other should be nearest to the greatest weight and spaced to give uniform support to the base. Adjust these supports until the shafts of the pump and driver are level.

No. Flexible couplings are used to compensate for small movements of the shafts and to compensate for expansion due to change in temperature.

A standard coupling is supplied with pump which use an elastomer member between internally serrated flanges. They have smooth outsides of equal diameter. A straight edge held against one or both surfaces should be used to visually determine both angular and parallel misalignment.

The foundation bolts should be tightened evenly but not too firmly .

Grout may then be placed between the pump base and the top of the concrete foundation. The underside of the base should be completely filled with grout, and it is desirable to grout the leveling pieces, shims or wedges in place at the same time.

One part cement to two parts clean, sharp sand, wet enough to flow freely. The grout should be thoroughly stirred during the pour to insure the elimination of all air pockets. At least 48 hours should be allowed for the grout to set before the foundation bolts are given their final tightening.

Quite often, tools are forgotten, and, if left in the suction or discharge nozzles of the pump, they may be drawn into the pump when first started, usually causing damage to the pump. Keep it free from rags, bolts, nuts, welding slag, etc.

Both the suction and discharge pipes should be supported independently and near the pump, so that when the flange bolts are tightened, no strain will be transmitted to the pump.

Full line size pipe and trim including valves, strainer and flexible connector should be used with the reduction. This reduction should be made through an eccentric reducer at the pump pump suction with the taper on the bottom. It is desirable to use concentric reducer at the pump discharge to step up to full line size.

The length should be at least five diameters of suction pipe size to insure good pump entry conditions.

1. Suction line:

A. Eccentric reducer.

B. Straight run of pipe.

C. Flexible connector.

D. Strainer.

E. isolation valve.

Or:

C. Union and spool piece.

D. Combination foot valve and strainer.

2. Discharge line:

A. Increaser.

B. flexible connector or union.

C. Check valve.

D. Isolation valve: gate valve, butterfly valve.

Area of foot valve 1 1/2 times pipe area. Area of strainer 3 to 4 times pipe area.

It is best to begin piping at the pump. When the lines are ended at the pump, particularly if the last price is cut a little too short or long, the pump will be forced to meet the pipe and strain or distortion will result.

Strainer holes should be not less than 3/16". Be sure that the strainer is installed so that the basket can be removed. Avoid fine mesh strainer baskets.

A suction diffuser.

A support leg is required between the suction diffuser and the support foot. Bosses are provided on the suction diffuser to locate the support leg and facilitate mounting the suction diffuser in any of three positions. The support leg can be made of schedule 40 pipe.

Suction diffuser blowdown is best accomplished with the system connection in the 12 o'clock position. The 16 mesh bronze start up strainer must be removed from the suction diffuser after the initial circulation and cleaning of the system. A pressure gage installed in the suction diffuser will warn of a blockage.

It must be selected and installed so that pressure losses are minimized and sufficient liquid will flow into the pump when started and operated.

If it is short, the pipe diameter can be the same size as the suction opening. If longer suction pipe is required, pipes should be one or two sizes larger than the opening depending on the piping length. When refusing the piping to the suction opening diameter use an eccentric reducer with the eccentric side down to avoidbairbpockets.

A suction pipe of the same size as the suction nozzle approaching at any angle other than straight up or down must have the elbow located 10 pipe diameters from the suction flange of the pump.

A horizontal suction line must have a gradual rise to the pump.

Dutchman or spool piece can be installed adjacent to the suction flange. With this arrangement , any matter clogging the impellernisnaccessiblenby removing the nozzle (or pipe section).

A short section of pipe designed that it can be readily dropped out of the line to facilitate cleaning the pump liquid passage.

A foot valve may be installed to avoid the necessity of priming each time the pump is started. This valve should be of the flapper type, rather than the multiple spring type, sized to avoid excessive friction in the suction line.

When foot valves are used, or where there are other possibilities of water hammer, close the discharge valve slowly before shutting down the pump.

Where two or more pumps are connected to the same suction line, install gate valves so that any pump can be isolated from the line.gate valves should be installed on the suction side of all pumps with a positive pressure for maintenance purposes. Install gate valves with stems horizontal to avoid air pockets. Globe valves should not be used, particularly where NPSH is critical.

The pump must never be throttled by the use of a valve on the suction side of the pump. Suction valves should be used only to isolate the pump or maintenance purposes, and should always be installed in psi tons to avoid air pockets.

A pump drain valve should be installed in the suction piping between the isolation valve and the pump.

On both the suction and discharge nozzles. The gages will enable you to easily observe the operation of the pump, and also determine if the pump is operating in conformance with the performance curve. If cavitation, vapor binding, or other unstable operation should occur widely fluctuation discharge pressure will be noted.

Never throttle flow through the pump with the suction valve. It should be fully open.

The flashing of a pumped liquid into vapor bubbles and the subsequent violent collapsing of those bubbles as the liquid moves from suction to discharge through a pump.

Suction pressure which is too low (insufficient static pressure in the system).

Excessive flow through the pump (which can be corrected by throttling the discharge valve).

The fluid being too hot.

Stuffing boxes.

Mechanical seals.

Oil-lubricated sleeve bearings.

Anti friction bearings.

1. The packing type seal (stuffing box). | 2. The mechanical seal.

The packing rings are made of graphite impregnated cord or other resilient material formed into properly sized split rings. These are compressed into the stuffing box by means of a packing gland. This packing gland is pulled up by means of a pair of gland nuts which are threaded on their respective swing bolts.

Seal sets consist of a stationary member which is usually made of a very hard ceramic material. This ring fits into a recess in the pump body and has a rubber gasket behind it to form a water-tight seal at that point. This ceramic material is kept from turning by means of a fastener ring pressed into the recess which engages flats on each side of ring. A molded graphite seal ring rotates against the lapped face of the ceramic material and form the actual water seal at this point. The graphite seal ring is backed up by a rubber bellows which fits tightly on the pump shaft and is held tightly forward against the graphite ring by means of the seal spring.This spring keeps the the graphite rotating ring tightly against the stationary ceramic seal and pushes it forward to make up for wear.

Fill anti friction bearing fully. If grease is the recommended lubricant, use the grade specified by the manufacturer. Do not overfill with grease as overheating may be caused by too much grease. Lubricant containing graphite must not be used.

1. Make sure pump is primed. 2. Check rotation. 3. Check valve position.

1. Change rotation of motor. | 2. Reverse the suction and discharge nozzles of the pump.

1. Interchange any two leads on three phase motors. 2. Single phase motor will require wiring changes as indicated inside the connection box cover. Some single phase motors may not be reversible. 3. Extreme caution must be taken if it is necessary for you to make the change.

1. Remove the impeller from the shaft, turn it 180* and replace it on the shaft. 2. With the rotating element out of the casing remove the casing from the bed plate and turn 180*. 3. Set the rotating element back in the casing and reassemble the pump. 4. Reassemble the pump and realign the coupling as called for in the alignment instructions. 5. The rotation of the motor must be charged by switching the motor leads.

The valve on the suction side of the pump should be fully open. The discharge valve should also be open. In the case of high head centrifugal pumps, the discharge valve can be closed during start up (less power is required) and then gradually opened.

1. If lifting of the entire pump is required, do so with slings placed around the pump assembly. 2. Use the same method if you are required to lift a base mounted pump. Place the slings around the entire base.

1. No discharge. 2. Insufficient discharge. 3. Insufficient pressure. 4. Loss of suction following period of satisfactory operation. 5. Excessive power consumption.

1. Pump not primed. 2. Speed too low. 3. Discharge head too high. 4. Suction lift higher than that for which pump is designed. 5. Impeller completely plugged. 6. Wrong direction of rotation.

1. Air leaks in suction line or stuffing boxes. 2. Speed too low. 3. Discharge head higher than anticipated. 4. Suction lift too high. Check with gages; check also for clogged suction line or screen. 5. Impeller partially plugged. 6. Not enough suction head for hot or volatile liquids. 7. Mechanical defects:

A. Wearing rings worn.

B. impeller damaged.

C. Foot valve too small.

D. Foot valve or suction opening not submerged deeply enough. E. impeller installed backwards. F. Wrong direction of rotation.

1. Speed to low. 2. Air or gases in a liquid. 3. Mechanical defects:

A. Wearing rings worn.

B. impeller damaged.

C. Impeller diameter too small.

D. Impeller installed backwards. E. wrong direction of rotation.

1. Water seal plugged. 2. Suction lift too high. 3. Casing gasket defective.

1. Speed too high. 2. Head lower than rating: pumps too much liquid. 3. Specific gravity or viscosity of liquid pumped is too high. 4. Mechanical defects:

A. Shaft bent.

B. rotating element binds.

C. Stuffing boxes too tight.

D. Wearing rings worn.

You must determine whether or not the motor is across the line and receives full voltage when the pump is connected directly to the electric motor. When directly connected th a steam turbine, make sure the turbine receives full steam pressure.

A pressure tank is used for the storage of water. The pump delivers water under pressure to the tank and as the tank fills, air over the water is compressed. If no water is being used, delivery to the tank continues until the pressure reach a set value. A pressure switch then opens the electrical circuit to the motor and the pump stops. When a valve is opened in the system, air pressure in the upper part of the tank forces the water to flow out of the tank and into the system. The pressure falls as the water flows out of the tank. When it drops to the cut-in setting of the pressure switch, the latter closes the circuit and the pump starts.

1. Remove the pump from its shipping carton and check it for damage. 2. Check the nameplate against the intended specification for the well. 3. Examine the check valve to make certain it will function correctly and close of its own weight or by spring pressure. 4. Check the electrical supply. The power source should be checked for proper fusing and wire size, grounding and transformer size, Allan's recommended by the manufacturer. Be sure to check the color coding of wires on single phase three wire units.

Mechanical part. 1. Submersible well pump. 2. Check valve. 3. Drop pipe. 4. Underground discharge coupling (pitiless adapter unit). 5. Well casing. 6. Pitless case. 7. Well seal cap cover. 8. Pressure gage. 9. Pressure relief valve. 10. Pressure tank. 11. Water service. Electric part. 1. Power cable taped to drop pipe. 2. Wiring to pump. 3. Pressure switch. 4. Control box. 5. Fused disconnect switch. 6. Power supply.

1. The well should be chlorinated before installing the pump. 2. The top edge of the well casing should be checked for smoothness, sharp or jagged edges could cut or scrape the electric cable and cause it to break. 3. Attach the pump to the drop pipe. 4. Lower the pump into the well. 5. Install an air charger in the pump delivery line in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions. 6. Install underground discharge connector. 7. After the pump is installed it should be wired and the electrical work completed in accordance with code requirements.

This prevents contamination and the growth of iron bacteria.

An insulated or dielectric union be installed between the pump and the first section of galvanized iron pipe to prevent electrolytic corrosion between a bronze pump head and the iron pipe.

1. Threaded lengths of galvanized steel pipe. 2. Threaded plastic pipe. 3. One continuous length of flexible plastic pipe.

Use an OSHA approved hoist or some other safe method to lower the pump and drop the pipe into the well, making sure it is supported at all times to prevent injury and to avoid dropping the pump. Feed the cable into the well as the pump is lowered, being careful to prevent damage to the cable and make sure it is fastened securely to the pipe every 10' or less.

Water system use captive-air pressure tanks, which require no recharging to maintain the correct air volume in the tank.

To prevent freezing and to minimize the potential for contamination, physical damage and vandalism above ground.

Pitless adapter.

The pipe and cable system at the well head to properly support the pump and comply with all other code requirements.

The pitless adapter unit extends from below the frost line to above the ground. The unit attaches to the well casing below the frost line. The water service line is attached to the unit and is buried permanently. Electrical wire or conduit is also buried at the well to provide power for the pump. A cap is placed on the top of the unit to keep contaminants out of the well.

1. Unit can be installed using a compression flange and seal ring. 2. Unit can be installed using a threaded well connection along with an O-ring seal and seal protector.

An excavation is made around the well casing and a hole is cut in the casing below the frost line. The casing fitting for either a galvanized or brass unit is then attached to the casing around the hole to provide a water service connection. The pump, suspended from the drop pipe fitting, is lowered into the well with the neck of the drop pipe fitting pointed toward the casing fitting. When the neck reaches the level of the casing fitting , the actuator automatically inserts the neck with an O-ring seal into a socket in the casing fitting and locks it there. This provides both a support for the drop pipe and the pump within the well and a fluid tight conduit between the drop pipe and the discharge pipe.

The drop pipe fitting is first supported with a hoist. Then the neck of the drop pipe fitting is unlocked , and withdrawn from the socket by a manual pull on the control cable. This releases the drop pipe fitting from the casing fitting so that the pump can be lifted out with the hoist.

1. Welding nipple. 2. The pitless connector ( female threaded on the top and held in weld casing by a neoprene seal ring which clamps against the casing. 3. The swagged nipple is male threaded both ends and screws into the coupling on the top of the casing to increase casing size. 4. The dresser coupling. 5. The adapter coupling has a collar for welding inside and outside of casing.

When the inner well assembly is removed, a threaded casing of the same diameter as the well casing and about the same length as the pitless unit can be screwed into the back tapping to isolate the well from the upper case. This isolation, during such well operations as jetting, sterilizing, and re drilling, protects the spool sealing surface from mechanical damage and prevents the entry of mud and/or well chemicals into the upper case and connecting passages and pipes.

1. Spool. 2. Cable seals. 3. Hold down pipe. 4. Spider.

1. Pressure pipe. 2. Back tapping. 3. Spool. 4. Suction pipe. 5. Spool hold down. 6. Well cap.

1. Pressure pipe. 2. Seal cross. 3. Ball elbow. 4. Pressure passage. 5. Discharge body. 6. Spool. 7. Suction pipe. 8. Upper case. 9. Spool hold down. 10. Well cap.

1. Pressure pipe. 2. Seal cross. 3. Ball elbow. 4. Back tapping. 5. Suction drop pipe. 6. Well casing. 7. Spool. 8. Suction pipe. 9. Suction pipe. 10. Upper case. 11. Spool hold down. 12. Well cap.

On the shallow well pitless unit for jet pump concentric pipe installations the unit spool is tapped for a suction drop pipe. It has a vertical passage which equalizes the upper case and well casing pressures. The discharge body is tapped for the suction and concentric pressure pipes which are respectively connected to the pump suction and pressure ports. There is no passage extending from the pressure pipe to the well casing. The single-pipe deep well unit spool is also tapped for the suction drop pipe. Because the well casing is under system pressure, there is no pressure equalizing passage in the spool. A spool hold down is provided to prevent upward movement of the inner well assembly. The discharge body is tapped for the suction and concentric pressure pipes, which are respectively connected to the pump suction and pressure ports. A passage in the discharge body conducts water from the pressure pipe to the well casing.

It possible that air under pressure in a well water system storage tank can be absorbed in the system water. The result is the storage tank will become waterlogged and the necessary compression required for the minimum operating pressure in the system is lost. Water logging usually occurs in the storage tanks more rapidly at the high pressure ranges.

1. It prevents waterlogging indefinitely. 2. It allows the use of much smaller well tanks in size 1/4 to 1/5 the size of galvanized tanks. 3. It can utilize varying pressure tanks to accommodate a great variety of applications ( can be used with higher operating pressures and wider pressure differentials). 4. It simplifies installation on large jobs (needs no exterior provision for air volume control or pre charging). 5. It reduce maintenance and replacement cost to a minimum (the water reservoir is completely non-metallic.

This pump must be capable of creating a vacuum for moving steam, air and condensate through the system piping. At the same time, it must be able to create the positive pressure needed to return condensate, from radiators, coils, pipe, etc., to a boiler operating at pressures up to 15 psig, or to the receiver of a boiler feed pump.

From 3" to 8" Hg.

1. A accumulator tank with float. 2. A air separating tank with float. 3. Pump float switch. 4. Centrifugal pump. 5. Jet nozzles. 6. Connecting pipe of accumulator tank to chamber housing the jet nozzles. 7. Vent pipe of a air separating tank. 8. Discharge valve. 9. Discharge pipe.

Condensate returning to the accumulator tank by gravity when the vacuum switch turns off the centrifugal pump and could cause the tank to become flooded. To prevent this from happening , float measures the condensate level and condensate flow through float switch, starts and stops the pump. The pump will draw water out of the air separating tank. The water from the pump discharge passes through jet nozzles where the velocity of flow is increased many times. With the increase in velocity there is a decrease in pressure at the nozzle outlet causing air and condensate to flow from the accumulator tank through the connecting pipe and into the chamber housing the jet nozzles. The air and condensate are carried along with the high velocity jets of water and into the air separating tank. Vent pipe allows the air to be vented to the atmosphere and the condensate collects in the tank. As the level of water in the air separating tank increases, float will rise causing discharge valve to open, allowing water to return to the boiler through discharge pipe.

The air separating tank must be primed.

As a watertight pit or receptacle at a low elevation into which liquid wastes or liquid carried wastes are drained. It is a tank or pit, sometimes called a sump pit that receives sewage or liquid waste, located below the normal grade of gravity system, and must be emptied by mechanical means.

The pump device used to pump sanitary drainage from plumbing fixtures to a higher elevation.

The pumping device used to pump non polluted drainage from floor drains or other clear water sources.

They are basically composed of a receiving basin (or sump) designed to collect the drainage, and to house the pumping equipment used to pump liquids and wastes from the basin to a point of connection with a gravity drainage system. Both use automatic controls which activate the pumping equipment when the basins become filled, and stop it when the basins are emptied to predetermined levels. The design of sewage ejector and sump pumps are generally of the centrifugal type. They are both generally wet-pit mounted vertical pumps.

Sewage ejectors are non clogging-type pumps designed for transferring sewage containing insoluble solids from sanitary lumping fixtures in buildings. They have specially designed impellers and volutes and usually are not furnished with suction strainers.

Sump pump usually handle only waste or storm water with few or no solids. Most plumbing codes require vents on sewage ejectors but seldom require them on sump pumps unless they are handling sewage.

They solve the problem of excessive depth, cost or space and are available for both clean water and sewage applications. The motor and pump are below water level and are usually more efficient in operation because they are usually of close-coupled construction.

In order to providebforbshortnperiodbofbhigh flow, maintenance, or pump failure, some codes require the installation of two duplex) pumps. According to one recognized plumbing code, a duplex sewage ejector is required whenever a pit or basin services more than 6 water closets.