QQuestionAnatomy and Physiology
QuestionAnatomy and Physiology
2. The Lewis structure of $\mathrm{CH}_{3} \mathrm{CHO}$ is shown below. For this molecule, write a hybridization and bonding scheme. Make sure to indicate the hybridization around each interior atom, sketch the structure, indicating overlapping orbitals, and label all bonds as either sigma $(\sigma)$ or pi $(\pi)$.
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Step 1: Identify the atoms and their connectivities
In the given Lewis structure, we have a carbon atom (C) double-bonded to an oxygen atom (O), single-bonded to another carbon atom (C), and bonded to three hydrogen atoms (H). The other carbon atom is bonded to the first carbon atom, the oxygen atom, and two hydrogen atoms.
Step 2: Determine the hybridization of each interior atom
- The central carbon atom (C1) is bonded to one carbon atom, one oxygen atom, and two hydrogen atoms. It has sp³ hybridization. - The second carbon atom (C2) is bonded to one carbon atom, one oxygen atom, and two hydrogen atoms. It also has sp³ hybridization. - The oxygen atom (O) is bonded to one carbon atom and two hydrogen atoms. It has sp² hybridization.
Final Answer
The hybridization and bonding scheme for $\mathrm{CH}_{3} \mathrm{CHO}$ is as follows: - C^1 has sp³ hybridization with four sigma $(\sigma)$ bonds: one with C^2, one with O, and two with H. - C^2 has sp³ hybridization with four sigma $(\sigma)$ bonds: one with C^1, two with H, and one with O. - O has sp² hybridization with three sigma $(\sigma)$ bonds: one with C^1, two with H, and one vacant p orbital perpendicular to the plane of the molecule. - There are two pi $(\pi)$ bonds: one between the p orbitals of C^1 and O, and one between the p orbitals of C^2 and O. The structure with overlapping orbitals is shown below: $\hspace{4cm}$[C^1: sp³, 4σ (C^2, H, H, H), 1π (O)] $\hspace{1cm}$┊ $\hspace{1cm}$┊ $\hspace{1cm}$┊ $\hspace{1cm}$┊ $\hspace{1cm}$┊ $\hspace{1cm}$┊ $\hspace{1cm}$┊ $\hspace{1cm}$┊ $\hspace{1cm}$┊ $\hspace{1cm}$┊ $\hspace{1cm}$┊ $\hspace{1cm}$┊ $\hspace{1cm}$┊ $\hspace{1cm}$┊ $\hspace{1cm}$┊ $\hspace{1cm}$┊ $\hspace{1cm}$┊ $\hspace{1cm}$┊ $\hspace{1cm}$┊ $\hspace{1cm}$┊ $\hspace{1cm}$┊ $\hspace{1cm}$┊ $\hspace{1cm}$┊ $\hspace{1cm}$┊ $\hspace{1cm}$┊ $\hspace{1cm}$┊ $\hspace{1cm}$┊ $\hspace{1cm}$┊ $\hspace{1cm}$┊ $\hspace{1cm}$┊ $\hspace{1cm}$┊ $\hspace{1cm}$┊ $\hspace{1cm}$┊ $\hspace{1cm}$┊ $\hspace{1cm}$┊ $\hspace{1cm}$┊ $\hspace{1cm}$┊ $\hspace{1cm}$┊ $\hspace{1cm}$┊ $\hspace{1cm}$┊ $\hspace{1cm}$┊ $\hspace{1cm}$┊ $\hspace{1cm}$┊ $\hspace{1cm}$┊ $\hspace{1cm}$┊ $\hspace{1cm}$┊ $\hspace{1cm}$┊ $\hspace{1cm}$┊ $\hspace{1cm}$┊ $\hspace{1cm}$┊ $\hspace{1cm}$┊ $\hspace{1cm}$┊ $\hspace{1cm}$┊ $\hspace{1cm}$┊ $\hspace{1cm}$┊ 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