Q

QuestionStatistics

The question asks us to identify the sampling methods that would bias the set of responses. Bias in sampling methods means that some elements of the population are more likely to be included than others, leading to a non-representative sample.

A. Tossing a chipped number cube - A chipped number cube may not have equal probabilities for all numbers, leading to a biased sample. B. Interviewing pet owners about their pet's health - This method does not necessarily introduce bias, as long as the pet owners are a random sample of the population and the interviewer does not influence the responses. C. Asking people to return a mail-in card - This method can introduce bias due to non-response error, as people who feel strongly about the topic are more likely to return the card, while others may ignore it. D. Calling people between 3:00 PM and 4:00 PM - This method does not necessarily introduce bias, as long as the sample is randomly chosen, and the time does not affect the likelihood of being reached. However, if the chosen time is inconvenient for many people, it could lead to non-response error and thus bias.