Q
QuestionChemistry

The ground state electron configuration of a calcium atom is 1s^2 2s^2 2p^6 3s^2 3p^6 4s^2 and that of a calcium cation is 1s^2 2s^2 2p^6 3s^2 3p^6. Explain the formation of calcium cation from calcium atom.
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Answer

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Step 1
: Understand the ground state electron configuration

The ground state electron configuration of a calcium atom is given as 1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶ 4s². This configuration represents the most stable electronic arrangement for a neutral calcium atom, with 20 electrons arranged in various energy levels or shells (1s, 2s, 2p, 3s, 3p, and 4s) and subshells (s, p).

Step 2
: Identify the outermost electrons in the calcium atom

In the given configuration, the outermost shell is the 4s shell, which contains 2 electrons (4s²). These outermost electrons are also called valence electrons, and they are involved in chemical bonding and reactions.

Final Answer

The calcium atom loses its two outermost 4s electrons to form a calcium cation (Ca²⁺) with the ground state electron configuration of 1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶, which is the same as the noble gas argon.