Q

QuestionChemistry

Ionic bonds are formed by the transfer of electrons from one atom to another, creating ions with opposite charges that attract each other. Covalent bonds are formed by the sharing of electrons between atoms, creating a mutual electrostatic attraction. **Step 2:** Explain the formation property. Formation: Ionic bonds are formed through the electrostatic attraction between ions with opposite charges, while covalent bonds are formed by the sharing of electrons between atoms. **Step 3:** Explain the strength property. Strength: Ionic bonds are generally stronger than covalent bonds due to the electrostatic forces between the oppositely charged ions. However, the strength of covalent bonds can vary depending on the number of shared electrons and the elements involved. **Step 4:** Explain the state at room temperature property. State at room temperature: Ionic compounds are typically solid at room temperature due to the strong electrostatic forces between the ions. Covalent compounds can be solid, liquid, or gas, depending on the nature of the shared electrons and the elements involved. **Step 5:** Explain the solubility property. Solubility: Ionic compounds are generally soluble in polar solvents, such as water, due to the polar nature of the ions. Covalent compounds, on the other hand, are typically soluble in nonpolar solvents, such as oil or hexane. However, some covalent compounds, like sugar (sucrose), can be soluble in water due to the presence of hydrogen bonding. **Step 6:** Explain the electrical conductivity property. Electrical conductivity: Ionic compounds can conduct electricity in their molten or aqueous states because the ions are free to move and carry electric charge. Covalent compounds, however, do not conduct electricity in their solid state because the shared electrons are not free to move and carry electric charge. **