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"What are the rows on the periodic table called? What are the columns called? What do you know about elements in the same group?"
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Answer

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Step 1
: Rows on the periodic table are called periods.

The periodic table is organized into rows called periods. These periods indicate the principal quantum number (n) of the outermost electrons in the atoms of the elements. Elements in the same period have different numbers of electron shells.

Step 2
: Columns on the periodic table are called groups or families.

The periodic table also consists of columns called groups or families. Groups are usually numbered from 1 to 18 (formerly 1 to 7 plus 0, 1, 2 in the older IUPAC numbering system) in the modern periodic table. Elements within the same group have similar physical and chemical properties since they have the same number of valence (outermost) electrons.

Final Answer

Rows on the periodic table are called periods, while columns are referred to as groups or families. Elements in the same group share common characteristics due to their similar electron configurations, such as valence electron configuration, atomic radius, ionization energy, and electronegativity trends.

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