Answer
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Step 1I'll solve this problem by explaining the key components of the periodic table's columns.
Step 2: Groups (Columns)
The columns on the periodic table are called "groups" or "families". Each group represents elements with similar chemical properties and electron configurations.
Final Answer
The columns (groups) on the periodic table represent elements with similar chemical properties, electron configurations, and predictable periodic trends, organized by their valence electron characteristics.
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