2020 HESI Fundamentals Practice Exam With Answers (5 Solved Questions)

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HESI FUNDAMENTALS 2020 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS1. An older patient has been diagnosed with possible white coat hypertension. Which planned action by thenurse best addresses the suspected cause of the hypertension?a.Instruct the patient about the need to decrease stress levels.b. Teach the patient how to self-monitor and record BPs at home.c.Schedule the patient for regular blood pressure (BP) checks in the clinic.d.Inform the patient and caregiver that major dietary changes will be needed.ANS: BIn the phenomenon of “white coat” hypertension, patients have elevated BP readings in a clinical setting andnormal readings when BP is measured elsewhere. Having the patient self-monitor BPs at home will provide areliable indication about whether the patient has hypertension. Regular BP checks in the clinic are likely to behigh in a patient with white coat hypertension. There is no evidence that this patient has elevated stress levelsor a poor diet, and those factors do not cause white coat hypertension.2. Which blood pressure (BP) finding by the nurse indicates that no changes in therapy are needed for a 48- yr-old patient with newly diagnosed hypertension?a. 98/56 mm Hg c. 128/92 mm Hgb.128/76 mm Hgd. 142/78 mm HgANS: BThe 8th Joint National Committee’s recommended goal for antihypertensive therapy for a 30- to 59-yr-oldpatient with hypertension is a BP below 140/90 mm Hg. The BP of 98/56 mm Hg may indicate overtreatmentof the hypertension and an increased risk for adverse drug effects. The other two blood pressures indicate aneed for modifications in the patient’s treatment.3. Which information is most important for the nurse to include when teaching a patient with newlydiagnosed hypertension?a.Most people are able to control BP through dietary changes.b.Annual BP checks are needed to monitor treatment effectiveness.c. Hypertension is usually asymptomatic until target organ damage occurs.d.Increasing physical activity alone controls blood pressure (BP) for most people.ANS: CHypertension is usually asymptomatic until target organ damage has occurred. Lifestyle changes (e.g., physicalactivity, dietary changes) are used to help manage BP, but drugs are needed for most patients. Home BPmonitoring should be taught to the patient and findings checked by the health care provider frequently whenstarting treatment for hypertension and then every 3 months when stable.4. The nurse on the intermediate care unit received change-of-shift report on four patients with hypertension.Which patient should the nurse assess first?a. 48-yr-old with a blood pressure of 160/92 mm Hg who reports chest painb.52-yr-old with a blood pressure of 198/90 mm Hg who has intermittentclaudicationc.50-yr-old with a blood pressure of 190/104 mm Hg who has a creatinine of 1.7mg/dLd.43-yr-old with a blood pressure of 172/98 mm Hg whose urine showsmicroalbuminuriaANS: A

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