2023-2024 WGU C175/D426 Data Management Foundations OA Exam with Answers (531 Solved Questions)
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WGU C175/D426 DATA MANAGEMENT FOUNDATIONS
OA EXAM 2023-2024 ACTUAL EXAM 2 LATEST
VERSIONS 300 QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED
ANSWERS WITH RATIONALES (100% CORRECT AND
VERIFIED ANSWERS)|ALREADY GRADED A+
OA EXAM 2023-2024 ACTUAL EXAM 2 LATEST
VERSIONS 300 QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED
ANSWERS WITH RATIONALES (100% CORRECT AND
VERIFIED ANSWERS)|ALREADY GRADED A+
WGU C175/D426 DATA MANAGEMENT FOUNDATIONS OA
EXAM 2023-2024 ACTUAL EXAM 2 LATEST VERSIONS 300
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS WITH
RATIONALES (100% CORRECT AND VERIFIED
ANSWERS)|ALREADY GRADED A+
VERSION A
What does modality refer to? How does it appear on ER diagram? - ANSWER-
Refers to the MINIMUM number of times an instance in one entity can be
associated with instance of another entity (minima)
Appears as a 0 or 1 on the relationship line, next to cardinality
Define: Referential Integrity - ANSWER- Requires that ALL foreign key values
must either be fully NULL or match some primary key value
4 Ways Referential Integrity can be violated: - ANSWER- 1. Primary key is
updated
2. Foreign key is updated
3. Row containing primary key is DELETED
4. Row containing foreign key is INSERTED
4 Actions to Correct Referential Integrity Violation: - ANSWER- 1. RESTRICT -
rejects an insert, update, or delete
2. SET NULL - sets invalid foreign keys to null
3. SET DEFAULT - sets invalid foreign keys to a default primary value
4. CASCADE - propagates primary key changes to foreign keys
What is an important aspect to referential integrity? - ANSWER- reference to data
in one relation is based on values in another relation
EXAM 2023-2024 ACTUAL EXAM 2 LATEST VERSIONS 300
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS WITH
RATIONALES (100% CORRECT AND VERIFIED
ANSWERS)|ALREADY GRADED A+
VERSION A
What does modality refer to? How does it appear on ER diagram? - ANSWER-
Refers to the MINIMUM number of times an instance in one entity can be
associated with instance of another entity (minima)
Appears as a 0 or 1 on the relationship line, next to cardinality
Define: Referential Integrity - ANSWER- Requires that ALL foreign key values
must either be fully NULL or match some primary key value
4 Ways Referential Integrity can be violated: - ANSWER- 1. Primary key is
updated
2. Foreign key is updated
3. Row containing primary key is DELETED
4. Row containing foreign key is INSERTED
4 Actions to Correct Referential Integrity Violation: - ANSWER- 1. RESTRICT -
rejects an insert, update, or delete
2. SET NULL - sets invalid foreign keys to null
3. SET DEFAULT - sets invalid foreign keys to a default primary value
4. CASCADE - propagates primary key changes to foreign keys
What is an important aspect to referential integrity? - ANSWER- reference to data
in one relation is based on values in another relation
WGU C175/D426 DATA MANAGEMENT FOUNDATIONS OA
EXAM 2023-2024 ACTUAL EXAM 2 LATEST VERSIONS 300
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS WITH
RATIONALES (100% CORRECT AND VERIFIED
ANSWERS)|ALREADY GRADED A+
VERSION A
What does modality refer to? How does it appear on ER diagram? - ANSWER-
Refers to the MINIMUM number of times an instance in one entity can be
associated with instance of another entity (minima)
Appears as a 0 or 1 on the relationship line, next to cardinality
Define: Referential Integrity - ANSWER- Requires that ALL foreign key values
must either be fully NULL or match some primary key value
4 Ways Referential Integrity can be violated: - ANSWER- 1. Primary key is
updated
2. Foreign key is updated
3. Row containing primary key is DELETED
4. Row containing foreign key is INSERTED
4 Actions to Correct Referential Integrity Violation: - ANSWER- 1. RESTRICT -
rejects an insert, update, or delete
2. SET NULL - sets invalid foreign keys to null
3. SET DEFAULT - sets invalid foreign keys to a default primary value
4. CASCADE - propagates primary key changes to foreign keys
What is an important aspect to referential integrity? - ANSWER- reference to data
in one relation is based on values in another relation
EXAM 2023-2024 ACTUAL EXAM 2 LATEST VERSIONS 300
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS WITH
RATIONALES (100% CORRECT AND VERIFIED
ANSWERS)|ALREADY GRADED A+
VERSION A
What does modality refer to? How does it appear on ER diagram? - ANSWER-
Refers to the MINIMUM number of times an instance in one entity can be
associated with instance of another entity (minima)
Appears as a 0 or 1 on the relationship line, next to cardinality
Define: Referential Integrity - ANSWER- Requires that ALL foreign key values
must either be fully NULL or match some primary key value
4 Ways Referential Integrity can be violated: - ANSWER- 1. Primary key is
updated
2. Foreign key is updated
3. Row containing primary key is DELETED
4. Row containing foreign key is INSERTED
4 Actions to Correct Referential Integrity Violation: - ANSWER- 1. RESTRICT -
rejects an insert, update, or delete
2. SET NULL - sets invalid foreign keys to null
3. SET DEFAULT - sets invalid foreign keys to a default primary value
4. CASCADE - propagates primary key changes to foreign keys
What is an important aspect to referential integrity? - ANSWER- reference to data
in one relation is based on values in another relation
What is a broad definition of data? - ANSWER- Raw facts captured on printed or
digital media
What are data? - ANSWER- Facts that are collected and stored in a database
system
What is a determining characteristic of unstructured data? - ANSWER- It does not
follow a data model
What is true about flat files? - ANSWER- - They contain no internal hierarchical
organization
How were data retrieved before database management systems? - ANSWER-
Sequentially from simple files
What is an attribute or group of attributes that uniquely identify a tuple in a
relation? - ANSWER- Primary Key
What is necessary for a primary key in one relation of a database to match with its
corresponding foreign key in another relation of the same database? - ANSWER-
A domain of values
What uniquely identifies each entity in a collection of entities but is not the
primary key? - ANSWER- Alternate Key
What is the term for a set of columns in a table that can uniquely identify any
record in that table without referring to other data? - ANSWER- Candidate Key
What happens to the original data in database indexing? - ANSWER- It is copied
to the index
Why are indexes created in a physical database design? - ANSWER- To retrieve
data DIRECTLY using a pointer
Why is an index created on a database column? - ANSWER- To optimize data
retrievals
Define: Functional Dependency - ANSWER- Each value of a column relates to at
MOST one value of another column
Dependence of one column on another
digital media
What are data? - ANSWER- Facts that are collected and stored in a database
system
What is a determining characteristic of unstructured data? - ANSWER- It does not
follow a data model
What is true about flat files? - ANSWER- - They contain no internal hierarchical
organization
How were data retrieved before database management systems? - ANSWER-
Sequentially from simple files
What is an attribute or group of attributes that uniquely identify a tuple in a
relation? - ANSWER- Primary Key
What is necessary for a primary key in one relation of a database to match with its
corresponding foreign key in another relation of the same database? - ANSWER-
A domain of values
What uniquely identifies each entity in a collection of entities but is not the
primary key? - ANSWER- Alternate Key
What is the term for a set of columns in a table that can uniquely identify any
record in that table without referring to other data? - ANSWER- Candidate Key
What happens to the original data in database indexing? - ANSWER- It is copied
to the index
Why are indexes created in a physical database design? - ANSWER- To retrieve
data DIRECTLY using a pointer
Why is an index created on a database column? - ANSWER- To optimize data
retrievals
Define: Functional Dependency - ANSWER- Each value of a column relates to at
MOST one value of another column
Dependence of one column on another
What term is used to describe: a value of one particular attribute associated with a
specific single value of another attribute? - ANSWER- Functional Dependency
Rules/Appearance of First Normal Form - ANSWER- - All non-key columns
depend on primary key
- Each table cell contains one value
- A table with no duplicate rows
Rules/Appearance of Second Normal Form - ANSWER- - When all non-key
columns depend on the WHOLE primary key
- Must be in 1NF
- Non-key column can not depend on just one part of a composite key - a single
primary key is automatically in 2NF
Rules/Appearance of Third Normal Form - ANSWER- - All non-key columns
depend ONLY on the primary key
- Tables are totally free of data redundancy
What are the 4 ways that operational and analytical databases differ? - ANSWER-
- Volatility
- Detail
- Scope
- History
Define: Volatility; How it applies to Operational? Analytical? - ANSWER- -
Database updates in real time
- Operational Data is Volatile
- Analytical Data is NOT Volatile
Define: Detail; How it applies to operational and analytical DB? - ANSWER- - A
database that keeps record of individual transactions; line items
- Operational: Detailed
- Analytical: Detailed
Define: Scope; How it applies to operational and analytical DB? - ANSWER- -
How far a database can reach
- Operational: incompatible
- Analytical: Enterprise-Wide/Summary
specific single value of another attribute? - ANSWER- Functional Dependency
Rules/Appearance of First Normal Form - ANSWER- - All non-key columns
depend on primary key
- Each table cell contains one value
- A table with no duplicate rows
Rules/Appearance of Second Normal Form - ANSWER- - When all non-key
columns depend on the WHOLE primary key
- Must be in 1NF
- Non-key column can not depend on just one part of a composite key - a single
primary key is automatically in 2NF
Rules/Appearance of Third Normal Form - ANSWER- - All non-key columns
depend ONLY on the primary key
- Tables are totally free of data redundancy
What are the 4 ways that operational and analytical databases differ? - ANSWER-
- Volatility
- Detail
- Scope
- History
Define: Volatility; How it applies to Operational? Analytical? - ANSWER- -
Database updates in real time
- Operational Data is Volatile
- Analytical Data is NOT Volatile
Define: Detail; How it applies to operational and analytical DB? - ANSWER- - A
database that keeps record of individual transactions; line items
- Operational: Detailed
- Analytical: Detailed
Define: Scope; How it applies to operational and analytical DB? - ANSWER- -
How far a database can reach
- Operational: incompatible
- Analytical: Enterprise-Wide/Summary
Define: History; How it applies to operational and analytical DB? - ANSWER- -
Whether DB is current or tracks all data
- Operational: Current only
- Analytical: Tracks trends
Data warehouses are refreshed periodically with a 5-step process: - ANSWER- 1.
Extraction
2. Cleanse
3. Integrate
4. Restructure
5. Load
What happens during Extraction? (ETL) - ANSWER- Data extracted and put into
staging area
What happens during Cleanse? (ETL) - ANSWER- Errors are eliminated from
data; standard abbreviations applied
What happens during Integrate? (ETL) - ANSWER- Data is put into a uniform
structure; Data converted to uniform structure
What happens during Restructure? (ETL) - ANSWER- Data is structured in a
design that is optimal for analysis
What happens during Load? (ETL) - ANSWER- Data is loaded to the data
warehouse
What is an issue that is focused on the 'Load' component of ETL? - ANSWER-
Monitor refreshing volume and frequency
During which step in the ETL Process, is raw data aggregated? - ANSWER-
Transformation steps
What are the 6 different data mining activities? - ANSWER- 1. Clustering &
Segmentation
2. Classification
3. Estimation
4. Prediction
5. Affinity Grouping
6. Description
Whether DB is current or tracks all data
- Operational: Current only
- Analytical: Tracks trends
Data warehouses are refreshed periodically with a 5-step process: - ANSWER- 1.
Extraction
2. Cleanse
3. Integrate
4. Restructure
5. Load
What happens during Extraction? (ETL) - ANSWER- Data extracted and put into
staging area
What happens during Cleanse? (ETL) - ANSWER- Errors are eliminated from
data; standard abbreviations applied
What happens during Integrate? (ETL) - ANSWER- Data is put into a uniform
structure; Data converted to uniform structure
What happens during Restructure? (ETL) - ANSWER- Data is structured in a
design that is optimal for analysis
What happens during Load? (ETL) - ANSWER- Data is loaded to the data
warehouse
What is an issue that is focused on the 'Load' component of ETL? - ANSWER-
Monitor refreshing volume and frequency
During which step in the ETL Process, is raw data aggregated? - ANSWER-
Transformation steps
What are the 6 different data mining activities? - ANSWER- 1. Clustering &
Segmentation
2. Classification
3. Estimation
4. Prediction
5. Affinity Grouping
6. Description
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Define: Clustering & Segmentation - when is it helpful? - ANSWER- - Taking
large entity and dividing into smaller groups of entities
- Useful when unsure of what looking for
Define: Classification (Data Mining) - ANSWER- - Organizing data into
predefined classes
Define: Estimation (Data Mining) - ANSWER- - Assigning a numeric value to an
object
Define: Prediction (Data Mining) - ANSWER- - Classifying objects according to
an expected future behavior
Define: Affinity Grouping - ANSWER- Evaluating relationships between data
elements that demonstrate some kind of affinity between objects
Where does affinity grouping occur in data mining? - ANSWER- Between objects
What is the uniquely identifiable element about which data can be categorized in
an entity-relationship diagram? - ANSWER- Entity types
Which 3 rules for referential integrity are provided by modern relational database
management systems? - ANSWER- Insert
Update
Delete
What does the DISTINCT clause do? - ANSWER- Returns only unique or 'distinct'
values; Filters Data Results
What does the ORDER BY clause do? - ANSWER- Modifies presentation of data
results
Which SQL statement alphabetizes customer names within the same satellite-office
city? - ANSWER- ORDER BY SATCITY, CUSTNAME
What is a heap file? - ANSWER- A file where records can be placed anywhere in
the memory
large entity and dividing into smaller groups of entities
- Useful when unsure of what looking for
Define: Classification (Data Mining) - ANSWER- - Organizing data into
predefined classes
Define: Estimation (Data Mining) - ANSWER- - Assigning a numeric value to an
object
Define: Prediction (Data Mining) - ANSWER- - Classifying objects according to
an expected future behavior
Define: Affinity Grouping - ANSWER- Evaluating relationships between data
elements that demonstrate some kind of affinity between objects
Where does affinity grouping occur in data mining? - ANSWER- Between objects
What is the uniquely identifiable element about which data can be categorized in
an entity-relationship diagram? - ANSWER- Entity types
Which 3 rules for referential integrity are provided by modern relational database
management systems? - ANSWER- Insert
Update
Delete
What does the DISTINCT clause do? - ANSWER- Returns only unique or 'distinct'
values; Filters Data Results
What does the ORDER BY clause do? - ANSWER- Modifies presentation of data
results
Which SQL statement alphabetizes customer names within the same satellite-office
city? - ANSWER- ORDER BY SATCITY, CUSTNAME
What is a heap file? - ANSWER- A file where records can be placed anywhere in
the memory
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What is a hash file? - ANSWER- A file that uses Hash function computation on
some fields of the records, and the result of that computation determines where the
record is stored
What are the different types of major Joins? - ANSWER- - LEFT JOIN
- RIGHT JOIN
- INNER JOIN
- FULL JOIN
What do joins do? - ANSWER- Joins *usually* compare the foreign key of one
table to the primary key of another table (but can join any columns) - joining
together data from two tables into one table
LEFT JOIN - ANSWER- selects all the rows from the left table, and only matching
rows from the right table
RIGHT JOIN - ANSWER- selects all the rows from the right table, and only
matching rows from the left table
OUTER JOIN - ANSWER- Any join that selects unmatched rows; LEFT, RIGHT,
or FULL JOINS
INNER JOIN - ANSWER- Joins together only rows that match from both tables -
contains no unmatched rows
FULL JOIN - ANSWER- Fully joins two tables together, even unmatched rows -
places a NULL in any cell that does not match the other table
What is the difference between Signed and Unsigned data? - ANSWER- -
SIGNED: a number that may be negative
- UNSIGNED: a number that can NOT be negative
CHAR vs. VARCHAR - ANSWER- - CHAR: Fixed number of characters
- VARCHAR: Variable length of characters
A record consists of a: - ANSWER- set of one or more fields
What functions does the DBMS perform to guarantee integrity and consistency of
the data in a database? - ANSWER- - Data Integrity Management
- Data storage mangagement
some fields of the records, and the result of that computation determines where the
record is stored
What are the different types of major Joins? - ANSWER- - LEFT JOIN
- RIGHT JOIN
- INNER JOIN
- FULL JOIN
What do joins do? - ANSWER- Joins *usually* compare the foreign key of one
table to the primary key of another table (but can join any columns) - joining
together data from two tables into one table
LEFT JOIN - ANSWER- selects all the rows from the left table, and only matching
rows from the right table
RIGHT JOIN - ANSWER- selects all the rows from the right table, and only
matching rows from the left table
OUTER JOIN - ANSWER- Any join that selects unmatched rows; LEFT, RIGHT,
or FULL JOINS
INNER JOIN - ANSWER- Joins together only rows that match from both tables -
contains no unmatched rows
FULL JOIN - ANSWER- Fully joins two tables together, even unmatched rows -
places a NULL in any cell that does not match the other table
What is the difference between Signed and Unsigned data? - ANSWER- -
SIGNED: a number that may be negative
- UNSIGNED: a number that can NOT be negative
CHAR vs. VARCHAR - ANSWER- - CHAR: Fixed number of characters
- VARCHAR: Variable length of characters
A record consists of a: - ANSWER- set of one or more fields
What functions does the DBMS perform to guarantee integrity and consistency of
the data in a database? - ANSWER- - Data Integrity Management
- Data storage mangagement
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- Security management
In what two ways does a DBMS environment increase effectiveness in working
with data? - ANSWER- - Enables Data Sharing
- Storage of vast volumes of data
A company posts an internet-based newsletter about their products. What
advantage will this company gain from the relational database management system
that will store customer information? - ANSWER- Improved query response time
What is the method of organizing attributes into tables? - ANSWER- Data
NORMALIZATION
What should a company expect from implementing a business intelligence system?
- ANSWER- - Financial: Increased profitability
- Productivity: Increased throughput, decreased workloads
- Trust: greater satisfaction
- Risk: improved visibility
What is a relational model? - ANSWER- A database model based on mathematical
principles
What are the 3 mathematical concepts of the relational model? - ANSWER- -
Domain
- Tuple
- Relation
Define: Domain - ANSWER- Set of values = 'Data Type'
Define: Tuple - ANSWER- Finite sequence of values pulled from a fixed domain =
'Row'
Define: Relation - ANSWER- A named set of tuples, all from same domain =
'Table'
A tuple position is called a: - ANSWER- Attribute
How is cardinality depicted in a diagram for many, one, and zero? - ANSWER- -
Many = Crow's Foot
- One = a bar across the end of a relationship (--||--)
In what two ways does a DBMS environment increase effectiveness in working
with data? - ANSWER- - Enables Data Sharing
- Storage of vast volumes of data
A company posts an internet-based newsletter about their products. What
advantage will this company gain from the relational database management system
that will store customer information? - ANSWER- Improved query response time
What is the method of organizing attributes into tables? - ANSWER- Data
NORMALIZATION
What should a company expect from implementing a business intelligence system?
- ANSWER- - Financial: Increased profitability
- Productivity: Increased throughput, decreased workloads
- Trust: greater satisfaction
- Risk: improved visibility
What is a relational model? - ANSWER- A database model based on mathematical
principles
What are the 3 mathematical concepts of the relational model? - ANSWER- -
Domain
- Tuple
- Relation
Define: Domain - ANSWER- Set of values = 'Data Type'
Define: Tuple - ANSWER- Finite sequence of values pulled from a fixed domain =
'Row'
Define: Relation - ANSWER- A named set of tuples, all from same domain =
'Table'
A tuple position is called a: - ANSWER- Attribute
How is cardinality depicted in a diagram for many, one, and zero? - ANSWER- -
Many = Crow's Foot
- One = a bar across the end of a relationship (--||--)
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- Zero = Circle
Difference between Unary and Binary: - ANSWER- - Unary: One entity involved
in relationship (one box, one line)
- Binary: Two entities (two boxes combined by one line)
If an entity is mandatory, how is it depicted in an ER diagram? - ANSWER- With
a single vertical line through the relationship line
What does an 'M' mean when shown on an entity in an ER diagram? - ANSWER-
Mandatory
What does a 'PI' mean when shown on an entity in an ER diagram? - ANSWER-
Primary Identifier - used for attribute(s) that uniquely identify the whole entity
How are maxima and minima depicted in an ER diagram? - ANSWER- Maxima is
the first letter/number shown (outside of the entity) and Minima is the letter next to
it in parentheses
Define: Singular Attribute - ANSWER- Each entity instance has at most ONE
attribute instance
Define: Plural Attribute - ANSWER- Each entity instance can have MANY
attribute instances
Define: Unique Attribute - ANSWER- Each attribute instance describes only ONE
entity instance
How do entity and attribute maxima appear in an ER diagram? - ANSWER- As M
or 1 following the attribute name
What combination of entity and attribute maxima/minima is considered unique? -
ANSWER- If the first number is a 1
What combination of entity and attribute maxima/minima is considered singular? -
ANSWER- If the second number is 1
What combination of entity and attribute maxima/minima is considered plural? -
ANSWER- If the second number is M
Difference between Unary and Binary: - ANSWER- - Unary: One entity involved
in relationship (one box, one line)
- Binary: Two entities (two boxes combined by one line)
If an entity is mandatory, how is it depicted in an ER diagram? - ANSWER- With
a single vertical line through the relationship line
What does an 'M' mean when shown on an entity in an ER diagram? - ANSWER-
Mandatory
What does a 'PI' mean when shown on an entity in an ER diagram? - ANSWER-
Primary Identifier - used for attribute(s) that uniquely identify the whole entity
How are maxima and minima depicted in an ER diagram? - ANSWER- Maxima is
the first letter/number shown (outside of the entity) and Minima is the letter next to
it in parentheses
Define: Singular Attribute - ANSWER- Each entity instance has at most ONE
attribute instance
Define: Plural Attribute - ANSWER- Each entity instance can have MANY
attribute instances
Define: Unique Attribute - ANSWER- Each attribute instance describes only ONE
entity instance
How do entity and attribute maxima appear in an ER diagram? - ANSWER- As M
or 1 following the attribute name
What combination of entity and attribute maxima/minima is considered unique? -
ANSWER- If the first number is a 1
What combination of entity and attribute maxima/minima is considered singular? -
ANSWER- If the second number is 1
What combination of entity and attribute maxima/minima is considered plural? -
ANSWER- If the second number is M
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Define: Select Operation - ANSWER- Selects table rows based in logical
expression (σ)
Define: Project Operation - ANSWER- Selects Table Columns (II)
Define: Join Operation - ANSWER- Joins two tables (⋈)
Define: Union operation - ANSWER- Combines ALL rows of two compatible
tables into a single table (U)
Define: Intersect Operation (and how it appears on an ER diagram) - ANSWER-
Operates on two compatible tables and returns only rows that appear in BOTh
tables (∩)
Appears as a line and square coming off of a relationship between two other
entities
What does cardinality refer to? How does it appear on ER diagram? - ANSWER-
Refers to the MAXIMUM number of times an instance in one entity can be
associated with instance of another entity (Maxima)
Appears as a 1 or M on the relationship line, closest to entity
A pet owner can have many pets; a specific pet is linked to one pet owner. What is
the binary relationship described? - ANSWER- One-To-Many
Database models were developed to _____? - ANSWER- model real-world events
or conditions
The entity integrity rule requires: - ANSWER- All primary keys must be unique
A table is perceived as a ______. - ANSWER- Two-dimensional structure
A table can be logically connected to another table by defining a _____. -
ANSWER- common attribute
We can describe a link by observing that ____. - ANSWER- A primary key of one
table appears again as a foreign key in a related table
An attribute (or group of attributes) that uniquely identifies each entity in a table is
called: - ANSWER- A superkey
expression (σ)
Define: Project Operation - ANSWER- Selects Table Columns (II)
Define: Join Operation - ANSWER- Joins two tables (⋈)
Define: Union operation - ANSWER- Combines ALL rows of two compatible
tables into a single table (U)
Define: Intersect Operation (and how it appears on an ER diagram) - ANSWER-
Operates on two compatible tables and returns only rows that appear in BOTh
tables (∩)
Appears as a line and square coming off of a relationship between two other
entities
What does cardinality refer to? How does it appear on ER diagram? - ANSWER-
Refers to the MAXIMUM number of times an instance in one entity can be
associated with instance of another entity (Maxima)
Appears as a 1 or M on the relationship line, closest to entity
A pet owner can have many pets; a specific pet is linked to one pet owner. What is
the binary relationship described? - ANSWER- One-To-Many
Database models were developed to _____? - ANSWER- model real-world events
or conditions
The entity integrity rule requires: - ANSWER- All primary keys must be unique
A table is perceived as a ______. - ANSWER- Two-dimensional structure
A table can be logically connected to another table by defining a _____. -
ANSWER- common attribute
We can describe a link by observing that ____. - ANSWER- A primary key of one
table appears again as a foreign key in a related table
An attribute (or group of attributes) that uniquely identifies each entity in a table is
called: - ANSWER- A superkey
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A foreign key must: - ANSWER- Match a primary key in a related table
The ERD is used to graphically represent the ____ database model. - ANSWER-
Conceptual
A derived attribute _____. - ANSWER- need not be physically stored within the
database
A _____ attribute is one that cannot be subdivided - ANSWER- Atomic
If an entity can exist apart from one or more related entities, it is said to be: -
ANSWER- Existence-Independent
Dependencies based on only a part of a composite key are called: - ANSWER-
Partial-Dependencies
A special operator used to check for similar character strings is: - ANSWER- LIKE
UPDATE tablename
*****
WHERE conditionlist
What command replaces the *****? - ANSWER- expression = columnname
What does a record consist of? - ANSWER- A set of one or more fields
What function does A DBMS perform that guarantee the integrity and consistency
of the data in the database? - ANSWER- Data integrity, data storage, and security
management
What is data? - ANSWER- Raw Facts
Database models were developed to what? - ANSWER- Model real-world events
or conditions
The entity integrity rule requires that - ANSWER- all primary key entries are
unique
The ERD is used to graphically represent the ____ database model. - ANSWER-
Conceptual
A derived attribute _____. - ANSWER- need not be physically stored within the
database
A _____ attribute is one that cannot be subdivided - ANSWER- Atomic
If an entity can exist apart from one or more related entities, it is said to be: -
ANSWER- Existence-Independent
Dependencies based on only a part of a composite key are called: - ANSWER-
Partial-Dependencies
A special operator used to check for similar character strings is: - ANSWER- LIKE
UPDATE tablename
*****
WHERE conditionlist
What command replaces the *****? - ANSWER- expression = columnname
What does a record consist of? - ANSWER- A set of one or more fields
What function does A DBMS perform that guarantee the integrity and consistency
of the data in the database? - ANSWER- Data integrity, data storage, and security
management
What is data? - ANSWER- Raw Facts
Database models were developed to what? - ANSWER- Model real-world events
or conditions
The entity integrity rule requires that - ANSWER- all primary key entries are
unique
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What does the 'refer' in referential integrity mean - ANSWER- A foreign key in a
table must refer to a valid primary key in another table.
A table is perceived as - ANSWER- two-dimensional structure
Another term for "relation" - ANSWER- Table
What does SQL command ORDER BY do? - ANSWER- modifies the presentation
by changing the order of the result set.
What does SQL command DISTINT do? - ANSWER- filters the results to remove
duplicates
This value must be unique in the entire database - ANSWER- Primary Key
A table can be logically connected to another table by defining a - ANSWER-
common attribute
A relational operator that allows for the combination of information from two or
more tables - ANSWER- JOIN
a primary key of one table appears again as a foreign key in a related table -
ANSWER- LINK
What should you focus on when creating a new database? - ANSWER- minimize
data redundancy
An attribute (or combination of attributes) that uniquely identifies each entity in a
table - ANSWER- superkey
This key must match the value of a primary key in a related table - ANSWER-
Foreign key
What does the ERD (Entity Relationship Diagram) graphically represent? -
ANSWER- Conceptual database model
This type of attribute does not need not be physically stored within the database -
ANSWER- Derived attribute
The association between separate entities - ANSWER- Relationship
table must refer to a valid primary key in another table.
A table is perceived as - ANSWER- two-dimensional structure
Another term for "relation" - ANSWER- Table
What does SQL command ORDER BY do? - ANSWER- modifies the presentation
by changing the order of the result set.
What does SQL command DISTINT do? - ANSWER- filters the results to remove
duplicates
This value must be unique in the entire database - ANSWER- Primary Key
A table can be logically connected to another table by defining a - ANSWER-
common attribute
A relational operator that allows for the combination of information from two or
more tables - ANSWER- JOIN
a primary key of one table appears again as a foreign key in a related table -
ANSWER- LINK
What should you focus on when creating a new database? - ANSWER- minimize
data redundancy
An attribute (or combination of attributes) that uniquely identifies each entity in a
table - ANSWER- superkey
This key must match the value of a primary key in a related table - ANSWER-
Foreign key
What does the ERD (Entity Relationship Diagram) graphically represent? -
ANSWER- Conceptual database model
This type of attribute does not need not be physically stored within the database -
ANSWER- Derived attribute
The association between separate entities - ANSWER- Relationship
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a key that consists of more than one attribute - ANSWER- composite key
an entity that can exist apart from one or more related entities - ANSWER-
Existent-Independent entity
The set of possible values for an attribute - ANSWER- domain
Which attribute(s) make up the primary key in the table definition: CLASS
(CRS_CODE, CLASS_SECTION, CLASS_TIME, CLASS_ROOM,
PROF_NUM) - ANSWER- CRS_CODE and CLASS_SECTION
A table that has all key attributes defined, has no repeating groups, and all its
attributes are dependent on the primary key - ANSWER- 1NF
A table that is in 2NF and contains no transitive dependencies - ANSWER- 3NF
What does data redundancy produce? - ANSWER- data integrity problems
Normalization works through a series of normal: - ANSWER- forms
Dependencies based on only a part of a composite primary key - ANSWER- partial
dependencies
Describe 1NF relationship - ANSWER- -A table that has all key attributes defined
-no repeating groups
-all its attributes are dependent on the primary key
The SQL command that lets you insert data into a table, one row at a time -
ANSWER- INSERT
The SQL command that enables you to make changes in the data - ANSWER-
UPDATE
To list all the contents of the PRODUCT table, you would use what SQL
command? - ANSWER- SELECT * FROM PRODUCT;
Which SQL command would you use when making corrections to the PRODUCT
table? - ANSWER- UPDATE
an entity that can exist apart from one or more related entities - ANSWER-
Existent-Independent entity
The set of possible values for an attribute - ANSWER- domain
Which attribute(s) make up the primary key in the table definition: CLASS
(CRS_CODE, CLASS_SECTION, CLASS_TIME, CLASS_ROOM,
PROF_NUM) - ANSWER- CRS_CODE and CLASS_SECTION
A table that has all key attributes defined, has no repeating groups, and all its
attributes are dependent on the primary key - ANSWER- 1NF
A table that is in 2NF and contains no transitive dependencies - ANSWER- 3NF
What does data redundancy produce? - ANSWER- data integrity problems
Normalization works through a series of normal: - ANSWER- forms
Dependencies based on only a part of a composite primary key - ANSWER- partial
dependencies
Describe 1NF relationship - ANSWER- -A table that has all key attributes defined
-no repeating groups
-all its attributes are dependent on the primary key
The SQL command that lets you insert data into a table, one row at a time -
ANSWER- INSERT
The SQL command that enables you to make changes in the data - ANSWER-
UPDATE
To list all the contents of the PRODUCT table, you would use what SQL
command? - ANSWER- SELECT * FROM PRODUCT;
Which SQL command would you use when making corrections to the PRODUCT
table? - ANSWER- UPDATE
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Which SQL command would be used to delete the table row - ANSWER-
DELETE
SQL allows the use of special operators in conjunction with the WHERE clause.
What is a special operator used to check for similar character strings? - ANSWER-
LIKE
What SQL command can delete a table from the database? - ANSWER- DROP
UPDATE tablename ***** [WHERE conditionlist]; What command replaces the
***** in the above statement? - ANSWER- SET columnname = expression
returns rows with matching values and includes all rows from both tables (T1 and
T2) with unmatched values - ANSWER- full outer join
What is ETL in database management? - ANSWER- Extract
Transform
Load
During which step in the extract, transform, load (ETL) process are raw data sets
aggregated - ANSWER- Transformation
Describe data extraction from the ETL process - ANSWER- Extract or copy raw
data from multiple sources and store it in a staging area
Describe data transformation from the ETL process - ANSWER- Transform and
consolidate the raw data in the staging area to prepare it for the target data
warehouse
Describe data loading from the ETL process - ANSWER- Moves the transformed
data from the staging area into the target data storage or warehouse. Focuses on
target dependencies such as where and on how many machines the data lives. Also
focuses on refresh volume and frequency, whether data is loaded incrementally or
is a full load, etc.
Describe ETL in a nutshell - ANSWER- ETL stands for Extract, Transform, Load.
Extraction - Raw data is extracted from sources and stored in a temporary staging
area.
DELETE
SQL allows the use of special operators in conjunction with the WHERE clause.
What is a special operator used to check for similar character strings? - ANSWER-
LIKE
What SQL command can delete a table from the database? - ANSWER- DROP
UPDATE tablename ***** [WHERE conditionlist]; What command replaces the
***** in the above statement? - ANSWER- SET columnname = expression
returns rows with matching values and includes all rows from both tables (T1 and
T2) with unmatched values - ANSWER- full outer join
What is ETL in database management? - ANSWER- Extract
Transform
Load
During which step in the extract, transform, load (ETL) process are raw data sets
aggregated - ANSWER- Transformation
Describe data extraction from the ETL process - ANSWER- Extract or copy raw
data from multiple sources and store it in a staging area
Describe data transformation from the ETL process - ANSWER- Transform and
consolidate the raw data in the staging area to prepare it for the target data
warehouse
Describe data loading from the ETL process - ANSWER- Moves the transformed
data from the staging area into the target data storage or warehouse. Focuses on
target dependencies such as where and on how many machines the data lives. Also
focuses on refresh volume and frequency, whether data is loaded incrementally or
is a full load, etc.
Describe ETL in a nutshell - ANSWER- ETL stands for Extract, Transform, Load.
Extraction - Raw data is extracted from sources and stored in a temporary staging
area.
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Transform - The data is then transformed and consolidated in the staging area.
Basic transformations improve data quality by removing errors, emptying data
fields, or simplifying data. Examples of these transformations follow.
Load - move the transformed data from the staging area into the target data
warehouse
Describe "unnormalized" forms of tables as compared to 1NF, 2NF, or 3NF forms.
- ANSWER- -Has repeating groups
-Contains multi valued fields or
-Fields that contain multiple values
Where does affinity grouping occur in data mining? - ANSWER- Between entity
group names
In data mining, this is the process of evaluating relationships between data
elements to demonstrate an affinity or link between objects. - ANSWER- Affinity
Grouping
In data mining, this classifies objects according to an expected future behavior -
ANSWER- Prediction
A step of the extract, transform, load (ETL) process in which raw data sets are
aggregated - ANSWER- Transform
Monitor refreshing volume and frequency is focused on the what component of the
extract, transform, load (ETL) process? - ANSWER- Load
This serves as the primary source of information that feeds analytical processing
for an organization's data analysis. - ANSWER- Data warehouse
The set of results a company should expect from implementing a business
intelligence system. PowerBI is an example of software that implements business
intelligence systems. - ANSWER- Increased profitability and increased throughput
Primary source of information that feeds the analytical processing within an
organization - ANSWER- Data Warehouse
A centralized repository of information - ANSWER- Data Warehouse
Basic transformations improve data quality by removing errors, emptying data
fields, or simplifying data. Examples of these transformations follow.
Load - move the transformed data from the staging area into the target data
warehouse
Describe "unnormalized" forms of tables as compared to 1NF, 2NF, or 3NF forms.
- ANSWER- -Has repeating groups
-Contains multi valued fields or
-Fields that contain multiple values
Where does affinity grouping occur in data mining? - ANSWER- Between entity
group names
In data mining, this is the process of evaluating relationships between data
elements to demonstrate an affinity or link between objects. - ANSWER- Affinity
Grouping
In data mining, this classifies objects according to an expected future behavior -
ANSWER- Prediction
A step of the extract, transform, load (ETL) process in which raw data sets are
aggregated - ANSWER- Transform
Monitor refreshing volume and frequency is focused on the what component of the
extract, transform, load (ETL) process? - ANSWER- Load
This serves as the primary source of information that feeds analytical processing
for an organization's data analysis. - ANSWER- Data warehouse
The set of results a company should expect from implementing a business
intelligence system. PowerBI is an example of software that implements business
intelligence systems. - ANSWER- Increased profitability and increased throughput
Primary source of information that feeds the analytical processing within an
organization - ANSWER- Data Warehouse
A centralized repository of information - ANSWER- Data Warehouse
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This is arranged around the relevant subject areas important to the business. It is
also nonvolatile, not used for transactions but for analysis, and integrates data from
multiple sources. - ANSWER- Data Warehouse
Subject-oriented data repository smaller than a data warehouse and normally for a
smaller or specific group within an organization - ANSWER- Data Mart
Differences between OLAP and OLTP - ANSWER- OLAP is for analysis, and
OLTP is for transaction processing
What is ETL? - ANSWER- Extract, Transform, Load
The infrastructure where raw data sets are aggregated - ANSWER- Staging Area
What two prime questions are essential to understanding extraction? - ANSWER-
What and how should data be extracted?
What processes are involved in the Transformation step of the ETL process? -
ANSWER- -Data type conversion
-Data Cleansing
-Integration
-Referential integrity checking
-Derivations
-Denormalization
-Renormalization
-Aggregation
-Audits
-Null conversions
This step of the ETL is focused on moving transformed data into the data
warehouse - ANSWER- Load
What processes are involved in the Load step of the ETL process? - ANSWER- -
Target Dependencies
-Refresh volume and frequency
Data mining can be described in this way - ANSWER- The Virtuous Cycle
also nonvolatile, not used for transactions but for analysis, and integrates data from
multiple sources. - ANSWER- Data Warehouse
Subject-oriented data repository smaller than a data warehouse and normally for a
smaller or specific group within an organization - ANSWER- Data Mart
Differences between OLAP and OLTP - ANSWER- OLAP is for analysis, and
OLTP is for transaction processing
What is ETL? - ANSWER- Extract, Transform, Load
The infrastructure where raw data sets are aggregated - ANSWER- Staging Area
What two prime questions are essential to understanding extraction? - ANSWER-
What and how should data be extracted?
What processes are involved in the Transformation step of the ETL process? -
ANSWER- -Data type conversion
-Data Cleansing
-Integration
-Referential integrity checking
-Derivations
-Denormalization
-Renormalization
-Aggregation
-Audits
-Null conversions
This step of the ETL is focused on moving transformed data into the data
warehouse - ANSWER- Load
What processes are involved in the Load step of the ETL process? - ANSWER- -
Target Dependencies
-Refresh volume and frequency
Data mining can be described in this way - ANSWER- The Virtuous Cycle
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Identifying the business problems, and continual improvement of business
processes that drive discovery of actionable knowledge and taking action based on
that knowledge - ANSWER- The Virtuous cycle
Describe the brief steps of the Virtuous Cycle - ANSWER- -Identify the business
problem
-Mine the data for actionable information
-Take the action
-Measure results
This is the type of knowledge where you already have identified the problem you
want to resolve (For example, a business is trying to figure out where they are
losing the most money) - ANSWER- Directed Knowledge Discovery
This is the type of knowledge where you find patterns within data sets as a way to
discover something interesting or an issue (for example, MMO-Champion data-
mining). - ANSWER- Undirected Knowledge discovery
What are the six basic tasks of data mining? - ANSWER- -Classification
-Estimation
-Prediction
-Affinity Grouping
-Clustering
-Description
Examine the attributes of a particular object and assign it a defined class -
ANSWER- Classification
The process of assigning continuously valued numeric value to an object, such as a
credit risk assessment. - ANSWER- Estimation
Classify objects according to some expected future behavior - ANSWER-
Prediction
Process of evaluating relationships or associations between data elements that
demonstrate an affinity with one another - ANSWER- Affinity grouping
Task of taking large collections of objects and dividing them into smaller groups -
ANSWER- Clustering
processes that drive discovery of actionable knowledge and taking action based on
that knowledge - ANSWER- The Virtuous cycle
Describe the brief steps of the Virtuous Cycle - ANSWER- -Identify the business
problem
-Mine the data for actionable information
-Take the action
-Measure results
This is the type of knowledge where you already have identified the problem you
want to resolve (For example, a business is trying to figure out where they are
losing the most money) - ANSWER- Directed Knowledge Discovery
This is the type of knowledge where you find patterns within data sets as a way to
discover something interesting or an issue (for example, MMO-Champion data-
mining). - ANSWER- Undirected Knowledge discovery
What are the six basic tasks of data mining? - ANSWER- -Classification
-Estimation
-Prediction
-Affinity Grouping
-Clustering
-Description
Examine the attributes of a particular object and assign it a defined class -
ANSWER- Classification
The process of assigning continuously valued numeric value to an object, such as a
credit risk assessment. - ANSWER- Estimation
Classify objects according to some expected future behavior - ANSWER-
Prediction
Process of evaluating relationships or associations between data elements that
demonstrate an affinity with one another - ANSWER- Affinity grouping
Task of taking large collections of objects and dividing them into smaller groups -
ANSWER- Clustering
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Process of trying to characterize or explain what has been discovered - ANSWER-
Description
When the primary key is in one column only, non-key columns always depend on
the whole primary key. - ANSWER- Second Normal Form
Tables with a simple primary key are always in what form? - ANSWER- Second
Normal Form
When the primary key is a single column and not composite, meaning one or more
columns, this is known as what? This will always be at least second normal form -
ANSWER- Simple Key
When no dependencies exist between non-key columns - ANSWER- Third Normal
Form
When all non-key columns depend on the key, the whole key, and nothing but the
key. - ANSWER- Third Normal Form
This form is present when the primary key is the ONLY unique column -
ANSWER- Third Normal Form
In databases, this is a pair of related values - ANSWER- Fact
This is the same as third normal form except it applies to all key columns instead
of just non-key columns - ANSWER- Boyce-Codd Form
One disadvantage of the DBMS is that it increases the risk of data security
breaches.
False
True - ANSWER- False
Accurate, relevant, and timely information is the key to _______.
knowledge
good decision making
Description
When the primary key is in one column only, non-key columns always depend on
the whole primary key. - ANSWER- Second Normal Form
Tables with a simple primary key are always in what form? - ANSWER- Second
Normal Form
When the primary key is a single column and not composite, meaning one or more
columns, this is known as what? This will always be at least second normal form -
ANSWER- Simple Key
When no dependencies exist between non-key columns - ANSWER- Third Normal
Form
When all non-key columns depend on the key, the whole key, and nothing but the
key. - ANSWER- Third Normal Form
This form is present when the primary key is the ONLY unique column -
ANSWER- Third Normal Form
In databases, this is a pair of related values - ANSWER- Fact
This is the same as third normal form except it applies to all key columns instead
of just non-key columns - ANSWER- Boyce-Codd Form
One disadvantage of the DBMS is that it increases the risk of data security
breaches.
False
True - ANSWER- False
Accurate, relevant, and timely information is the key to _______.
knowledge
good decision making
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data management
understanding - ANSWER- good decision making
_____ relates to the activities that make the database execute transactions more
efficiently in terms of storage and access speed.
Database design
Query access
Database management
Performance tuning - ANSWER- Performance tuning
The response of the DBMS to a query is the ______.
integrated view of the data
query result set
ad hoc response
ad hoc query - ANSWER- query result set
Field refers to a collection of related records.
False
True - ANSWER- False
The DBMS uses the ________ to look up the required data component structures
and relationships, thus relieving programmers from having to code such complex
relationships in each program. - ANSWER- data dictionary
A(n) ________ is a collection of programs that manages the database structure and
controls access to the data stored in the database. - ANSWER- database
management system
A _____ is a character or group of characters that has a specific meaning.
understanding - ANSWER- good decision making
_____ relates to the activities that make the database execute transactions more
efficiently in terms of storage and access speed.
Database design
Query access
Database management
Performance tuning - ANSWER- Performance tuning
The response of the DBMS to a query is the ______.
integrated view of the data
query result set
ad hoc response
ad hoc query - ANSWER- query result set
Field refers to a collection of related records.
False
True - ANSWER- False
The DBMS uses the ________ to look up the required data component structures
and relationships, thus relieving programmers from having to code such complex
relationships in each program. - ANSWER- data dictionary
A(n) ________ is a collection of programs that manages the database structure and
controls access to the data stored in the database. - ANSWER- database
management system
A _____ is a character or group of characters that has a specific meaning.
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file
record
field
database - ANSWER- field
Data warehouse contains historical data obtained from the_____.
desktop database
enterprise databases
workgroup databases
operational databases - ANSWER- operational databases
The database structure in a DBMS is stored as a ______.
single file
collection of files
set of key/value pairs
collection of queries - ANSWER- collection of files
The DBMS reveals much of the database's internal complexity to the application
programs and users.
True
False - ANSWER- False
_____ exists when different versions of the same data appear in different places.
Conceptual dependence
record
field
database - ANSWER- field
Data warehouse contains historical data obtained from the_____.
desktop database
enterprise databases
workgroup databases
operational databases - ANSWER- operational databases
The database structure in a DBMS is stored as a ______.
single file
collection of files
set of key/value pairs
collection of queries - ANSWER- collection of files
The DBMS reveals much of the database's internal complexity to the application
programs and users.
True
False - ANSWER- False
_____ exists when different versions of the same data appear in different places.
Conceptual dependence
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Data inconsistency
Poor data security
Structural dependence - ANSWER- Data inconsistency
A _____ contains at least all of the attribute names and characteristics for each
table in the system.
logical schema
relational schema
data dictionary
database - ANSWER- data dictionary
A(n) _____ might be written by a programmer or it might be created through a
DBMS utility program.
application
database management system
operating system
query - ANSWER- application
_____ is the body of information and facts about a specific subject.
Knowledge
A database
Validation
A format - ANSWER- Knowledge
An XML database supports the storage and management of _____ XML data.
Poor data security
Structural dependence - ANSWER- Data inconsistency
A _____ contains at least all of the attribute names and characteristics for each
table in the system.
logical schema
relational schema
data dictionary
database - ANSWER- data dictionary
A(n) _____ might be written by a programmer or it might be created through a
DBMS utility program.
application
database management system
operating system
query - ANSWER- application
_____ is the body of information and facts about a specific subject.
Knowledge
A database
Validation
A format - ANSWER- Knowledge
An XML database supports the storage and management of _____ XML data.
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semistructured
fullystructured
multistructured
structured - ANSWER- semistructured
The only way to access the data in a database is through the DBMS.
False
True - ANSWER- True
Metadata describe the data characteristics and the set of relationships that links the
data found within the database.
True
False - ANSWER- True
A data warehouse can store data derived from many sources.
False
True - ANSWER- True
A workgroup database is a(n) _____ database.
distributed
single-user
multiuser
desktop - ANSWER- multiuser
Data is said to be verifiable if:
the data always yields consistent results.
fullystructured
multistructured
structured - ANSWER- semistructured
The only way to access the data in a database is through the DBMS.
False
True - ANSWER- True
Metadata describe the data characteristics and the set of relationships that links the
data found within the database.
True
False - ANSWER- True
A data warehouse can store data derived from many sources.
False
True - ANSWER- True
A workgroup database is a(n) _____ database.
distributed
single-user
multiuser
desktop - ANSWER- multiuser
Data is said to be verifiable if:
the data always yields consistent results.
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the data is stored in different places within the database.
the data is obtained from trusted sources.
the data cannot be changed or manipulated. - ANSWER- the data always yields
consistent results.
A desktop database is a _____ database.
single-user
multiuser
workgroup
distributed - ANSWER- single-user
_____ is defined as the condition in which all of the data in the database are
consistent with the real-world events and conditions.
Data ubiquity
Data quality
Data integrity
Data anomaly - ANSWER- Data integrity
Corporations use only structured data.
False
True - ANSWER- False
________ is a special language used to represent and manipulate data elements in a
textual format. - ANSWER- Extensible Markup Language (XML)
Data processing can be as simple as organizing data to reveal patterns.
the data is obtained from trusted sources.
the data cannot be changed or manipulated. - ANSWER- the data always yields
consistent results.
A desktop database is a _____ database.
single-user
multiuser
workgroup
distributed - ANSWER- single-user
_____ is defined as the condition in which all of the data in the database are
consistent with the real-world events and conditions.
Data ubiquity
Data quality
Data integrity
Data anomaly - ANSWER- Data integrity
Corporations use only structured data.
False
True - ANSWER- False
________ is a special language used to represent and manipulate data elements in a
textual format. - ANSWER- Extensible Markup Language (XML)
Data processing can be as simple as organizing data to reveal patterns.
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True
False - ANSWER- True
Data is the result of processing raw facts to reveal its meaning.
True
False - ANSWER- False
________ is data about data through which the end-user data are integrated and
managed. - ANSWER- Metadata
One disadvantage of a database system over previous data management approaches
is increased costs.
False
True - ANSWER- True
________ relates to activities that make a database operate more efficiently in
terms of storage and access speed. - ANSWER- Performance tuning
________ is the result of processing raw data to reveal its meaning. - ANSWER-
Information
Structural dependence exists when it is possible to make changes in the file
structure without affecting the application program's ability to access the data.
False
True - ANSWER- False
Data constitute the building blocks of information.
True
False - ANSWER- True
An operational database is sometimes referred to as an enterprise database.
False - ANSWER- True
Data is the result of processing raw facts to reveal its meaning.
True
False - ANSWER- False
________ is data about data through which the end-user data are integrated and
managed. - ANSWER- Metadata
One disadvantage of a database system over previous data management approaches
is increased costs.
False
True - ANSWER- True
________ relates to activities that make a database operate more efficiently in
terms of storage and access speed. - ANSWER- Performance tuning
________ is the result of processing raw data to reveal its meaning. - ANSWER-
Information
Structural dependence exists when it is possible to make changes in the file
structure without affecting the application program's ability to access the data.
False
True - ANSWER- False
Data constitute the building blocks of information.
True
False - ANSWER- True
An operational database is sometimes referred to as an enterprise database.
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False
True - ANSWER- False
________ exists when the same data are stored unnecessarily at different places. -
ANSWER- Data redundancy
_____ serve as the intermediary between the user and the database.
Programming languages
End-user data
Metadata
DBMSs - ANSWER- DBMSs
One advantage of a database system over previous data management approaches is
that the database system is considerably less complex.
False
True - ANSWER- False
The organization of data within folders in a manual file system is determined by
_____.
its date of creation
the data processing specialist
the title of the documents in the folder
its expected use - ANSWER- its expected use
________ databases focus primarily on storing data used to generate information
required to make tactical or strategic decisions. - ANSWER- Analytical
True - ANSWER- False
________ exists when the same data are stored unnecessarily at different places. -
ANSWER- Data redundancy
_____ serve as the intermediary between the user and the database.
Programming languages
End-user data
Metadata
DBMSs - ANSWER- DBMSs
One advantage of a database system over previous data management approaches is
that the database system is considerably less complex.
False
True - ANSWER- False
The organization of data within folders in a manual file system is determined by
_____.
its date of creation
the data processing specialist
the title of the documents in the folder
its expected use - ANSWER- its expected use
________ databases focus primarily on storing data used to generate information
required to make tactical or strategic decisions. - ANSWER- Analytical
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Which of the following refers to the situation where the same data is stored
unnecessarily at different places?
Data query
Data integrity
Data dictionary
Data redundancy - ANSWER- Data redundancy
Information is produced by processing ________ . - ANSWER- data
A(n) ________ is a specific request issued to the DBMS for data manipulation. -
ANSWER- query
An advantage of database systems is that you needn't perform frequent updates and
apply latest patches.
True
False - ANSWER- False
Raw data must be properly ________ for storage, processing and presentation. -
ANSWER- formatted
A _____ is a logically connected set of one or more fields that describes a person,
place, or thing.
column
database
file
record - ANSWER- record
A(n) ________ develops when all required changes in the redundant data are not
made successfully. - ANSWER- data anomaly
unnecessarily at different places?
Data query
Data integrity
Data dictionary
Data redundancy - ANSWER- Data redundancy
Information is produced by processing ________ . - ANSWER- data
A(n) ________ is a specific request issued to the DBMS for data manipulation. -
ANSWER- query
An advantage of database systems is that you needn't perform frequent updates and
apply latest patches.
True
False - ANSWER- False
Raw data must be properly ________ for storage, processing and presentation. -
ANSWER- formatted
A _____ is a logically connected set of one or more fields that describes a person,
place, or thing.
column
database
file
record - ANSWER- record
A(n) ________ develops when all required changes in the redundant data are not
made successfully. - ANSWER- data anomaly
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_____ are the result of formatting disorganized data in order to facilitate storage,
use and generation of information.
Unstructured data
Obsolete data
Structured data
Raw data - ANSWER- Structured data
use and generation of information.
Unstructured data
Obsolete data
Structured data
Raw data - ANSWER- Structured data
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VERSION B
The same data might be simultaneously structured and unstructured depending on
the intended processing.
False
True - ANSWER- True
_____ data exist in the format in which they were collected.
Historical
Structured
Semistructured
Unstructured - ANSWER- Unstructured
_____ is the result of revealing the meaning of raw facts.
Information
The same data might be simultaneously structured and unstructured depending on
the intended processing.
False
True - ANSWER- True
_____ data exist in the format in which they were collected.
Historical
Structured
Semistructured
Unstructured - ANSWER- Unstructured
_____ is the result of revealing the meaning of raw facts.
Information
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Subject
Western Governors University