AWS Certified SysOps Administrator - Associate SOA-C02 Exam Cram (2022) - Certification Guides | AWS Certification

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Exam✓CramAWS Certified SysOpsAdministrator – Associate (SOA-C02) Exam CramMarko SlugaRick CrisciWilliam “Bo” Rothwell

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AWS Certified SysOps Administrator – Associate (SOA-C02)Exam CramCopyright © 2022 by Pearson Education, Inc.All rights reserved. This publication is protected by copyright, andpermission must be obtained from the publisher prior to any prohibitedreproduction, storage in a retrieval system, or transmission in any form or byany means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or likewise. Forinformation regarding permissions, request forms, and the appropriatecontacts within the Pearson Education Global Rights & PermissionsDepartment, please visit www.pearson.com/permissions.No patent liability is assumed with respect to the use of the informationcontained herein. Although every precaution has been taken in thepreparation of this book, the publisher and author assume no responsibilityfor errors or omissions. Nor is any liability assumed for damages resultingfrom the use of the information contained herein.ISBN-13: 978-0-13-750958-4ISBN-10: 0-13-750958-8Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data: 2022902124ScoutAutomatedPrintCodeTrademarksAll terms mentioned in this book that are known to be trademarks or servicemarks have been appropriately capitalized. Pearson IT Certification cannotattest to the accuracy of this information. Use of a term in this book shouldnot be regarded as affecting the validity of any trademark or service mark.Warning and DisclaimerEvery effort has been made to make this book as complete and as accurate aspossible, but no warranty or fitness is implied. The information provided ison an “as is” basis. The authors and the publisher shall have neither liabilitynor responsibility to any person or entity with respect to any loss or damagesarising from the information contained in this book.Special Sales

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For information about buying this title in bulk quantities, or for special salesopportunities (which may include electronic versions; custom cover designs;and content particular to your business, training goals, marketing focus, orbranding interests), please contact our corporate sales department atcorpsales@pearsoned.com or (800) 382-3419.For government sales inquiries, please contactgovernmentsales@pearsoned.com.For questions about sales outside the U.S., please contactintlcs@pearson.com.Editor-in-ChiefMark TaubDirector, ITP Product ManagementBrett BartowExecutive EditorNancy DavisManaging EditorSandra SchroederDevelopment EditorChristopher A. ClevelandProject EditorMandie FrankCopy EditorChuck HutchinsonIndexerKen JohnsonProofreaderDonna E. Mulder

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Technical EditorsMark WilkinsRyan DymekPublishing CoordinatorCindy TeetersDesignerChuti PrasertsithCompositorcodeMantra

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Pearson’s Commitment to Diversity,Equity, and InclusionPearson is dedicated to creating bias-free content that reflects the diversity ofall learners. We embrace the many dimensions of diversity, including but notlimited to race, ethnicity, gender, socioeconomic status, ability, age, sexualorientation, and religious or political beliefs.Education is a powerful force for equity and change in our world. It has thepotential to deliver opportunities that improve lives and enable economicmobility. As we work with authors to create content for every product andservice, we acknowledge our responsibility to demonstrate inclusivity andincorporate diverse scholarship so that everyone can achieve their potentialthrough learning. As the world’s leading learning company, we have a dutyto help drive change and live up to our purpose to help more people create abetter life for themselves and to create a better world.Our ambition is to purposefully contribute to a world whereEveryone has an equitable and lifelong opportunity to succeed throughlearningOur educational products and services are inclusive and represent therich diversity of learnersOur educational content accurately reflects the histories and experiencesof the learners we serveOur educational content prompts deeper discussions with learners andmotivates them to expand their own learning (and worldview)While we work hard to present unbiased content, we want to hear from youabout any concerns or needs with this Pearson product so that we caninvestigate and address them.

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Please contact us with concerns about any potential bias athttps://www.pearson.com/report-bias.html.

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CreditsFiguresCreditFigures 2.1–2.3, 4.2–4.7, 4.10–4.13, 5.1, 5.3, 5.4, 6.1–6.5,7.1–7.3, 9.1–9.9, 10.1, 11.1–11.9, 11.11, 12.2, 12.3, 12.8–12.17,13.1–13.7, 14.1–14.8, 15.3–15.5AmazonWebServices,IncFigure 4.1MediumFigure 5.2DeveloperCKFigures 10.2, 10.3GoogleLLC

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Contents at a GlanceIntroductionCHAPTER 1Introduction to AWSCHAPTER 2Monitoring Services in AWSCHAPTER 3Troubleshooting and RemediationCHAPTER 4Implementing Scalability and ElasticityCHAPTER 5High Availability and ResilienceCHAPTER 6Backup and Restore StrategiesCHAPTER 7Provisioning ResourcesCHAPTER 8Application ManagementCHAPTER 9Security and ComplianceCHAPTER 10Data Protection at Rest and in TransitCHAPTER 11Networking and ConnectivityCHAPTER 12Domains, DNS, and Content DeliveryCHAPTER 13Troubleshoot Network ConnectivityCHAPTER 14Cost Optimization StrategiesCHAPTER 15Performance OptimizationGlossaryIndex

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Table of ContentsIntroductionCHAPTER 1 Introduction to AWSWhat Is Cloud Computing?The AWS CloudAWS Global ArchitectureDatacentersAvailability ZonesRegionsEdge LocationsAccessing AWSSix Benefits of the AWS CloudAWS Services OverviewFoundation ServicesNetwork ServicesCompute ServicesStorage ServicesSecurity and Identity ServicesEnd-User Applications ServicesPlatform ServicesDatabase ServicesAnalytics ServicesApplication Services

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Other ExamplesManagement and Deployment ServicesWhat Next?CHAPTER 2 Monitoring Services in AWSMetering, Monitoring, and AlertingMeteringMonitoringAlertingSecurity and ComplianceCloudWatchNamespaces and DimensionsMetricsStatisticsPercentilesCloudWatch AlarmsCloudWatch LogsCloudWatch Logs InsightsCloudTrailWhat Next?CHAPTER 3 Troubleshooting and RemediationResponding to AlarmsInfrastructure IssuesApplication IssuesSecurity IssuesError Handling in AWSAmazon EventBridgeIntegration with AWS Systems Manager AutomationAWS Config

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What Next?CHAPTER 4 Implementing Scalability and ElasticityScaling in the CloudHorizontal vs. Vertical ScalingAWS AutoscalingDynamic ScalingManual and Scheduled ScalingPredictive ScalingCachingTypes of CachingClient-Side CachingEdge CachingServer-Side CachingDatabase CachingElastiCacheMemcachedRedisAmazon CloudFrontCloudFront SecurityRead ReplicasWhat Next?CHAPTER 5 High Availability and ResilienceAvailability Zones in AWSVPCPrivate SubnetsPublic SubnetsHigh Availability with Elastic Load Balancers and Route 53Highly Available Datastores

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Amazon S3S3 Storage TiersS3 SecurityHighly Available DatabasesAmazon RDSAmazon AuroraAmazon DynamoDBDynamoDB Global TablesWhat Next?CHAPTER 6 Backup and Restore StrategiesBackup in the CloudBackups and SnapshotsRPO and RTODisaster RecoveryOverview of Backup StrategiesBackup and RestorePilot LightWarm StandbyMultisite Active-ActiveS3 as a Backup ServiceS3 SyncAWS DataSyncVersioning and Life-Cycling RulesGlacierS3 Cross-Region ReplicationWhat Next?CHAPTER 7 Provisioning ResourcesDeployment Tools in AWS

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AWS CLIManaging EC2 AMIsAWS CloudFormationAWS Elastic BeanstalkCloudFormation StackSetsAWS Systems ManagerAWS Resource Access ManagerWhat Next?CHAPTER 8 Application ManagementLifecycle ManagementDeployment EnvironmentsDevelopmentQuality Assurance (QA)ProductionStagingBlue/GreenDisaster Recovery (DR)Application BuildsStableLong-Term Support (LTS)CanaryUpgrade MethodsRolling UpgradesActive-PassiveLifecycle ManagementRoadmapsVersioningUpgrading and Migrating SystemsDeprecations or End of Life

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AWS OpsWorksPatchingSecurity PatchesHot FixesScheduled UpdatesVirtual PatchesSignature UpdatesRollupsPatching Cloud ComponentsVMsVirtual AppliancesNetworking ComponentsApplicationsStorage ComponentsFirmwareSoftwarePoliciesN-1RollbacksWhat Next?CHAPTER 9 Security and ComplianceAccount ManagementIAM EssentialsIAM UsersIAM User GroupsIAM RolesIAM PoliciesIdentity ProvidersPassword Policy

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Access KeysMultifactor Authentication (MFA)Best Practices in IAMTrusted AdvisorWhat Next?CHAPTER 10 Data Protection at Rest and in TransitProtecting DataEncryptionAWS Key Management ServiceData ClassificationCertificate ManagementAWS Certificate ManagerAWS Secrets ManagerAmazon GuardDutyAmazon InspectorAWS Security HubWhat Next?CHAPTER 11 Networking and ConnectivityThe VPCVirtual Private CloudElastic Network InterfacesElastic IP AddressInternet Gateway (IGW)VPC ConnectivitySubnetsRoute TablesNAT GatewayVPC Security

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VPC Security by DefaultSecurity GroupsNetwork Access Control Lists (NACLs)Public and Private SubnetsVPC Flow LogsAWS Network FirewallAbout the AWS Network FirewallAWS MarketplaceVPC EndpointsInterface EndpointsGateway EndpointsVPC PeeringAbout VPC PeeringTransit GatewayVPNAWS-Managed VPNSoftware Site-to-Site VPNDirect ConnectAWS Direct ConnectAWS Direct Connect + VPNHosted and Dedicated ConnectionsAWS WAFAWS WAFAWS ShieldAWS Shield StandardAWS Shield AdvancedWhat Next?CHAPTER 12 Domains, DNS, and Content DeliveryRoute 53

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Public and Private ZonesRegistering a Domain with Route 53Route 53 Routing PoliciesSimple Routing PolicyWeighted Routing PolicyLatency-Based Routing PolicyFailover Routing PolicyGeolocation Routing PolicyS3 Static Website HostingConfiguring S3 Static Website HostingAmazon CloudFrontIntroduction to CloudFrontCreating a CloudFront DistributionTime-to-Live (TTL)Price ClassesCloudFront and HTTPsFinal CloudFront Configuration TasksS3 Origin Access IdentityConfiguring an Origin Access IdentityWhat Next?CHAPTER 13 Troubleshoot Network ConnectivityVPC Flow LogsConfiguring VPC Flow LogsELB Access LogsAWS WAF ACL LogsAWS WAF, Kinesis, and S3CloudFront LogsUsing CloudFront LogsAnalyzing Standard Log Files

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CloudFront Caching IssuesImproving Cache Hit RateHTTP Status Codes from an OriginTroubleshooting Hybrid and Private LinksTroubleshooting Direct ConnectTroubleshooting AWS Managed VPNsWhat Next?CHAPTER 14 Cost Optimization StrategiesOperational OptimizationCost Allocation TagsTrusted AdvisorAWS Compute OptimizerCost ExplorerAWS Budgets and Billing AlarmsManaged ServicesWhat Next?CHAPTER 15 Performance OptimizationOptimizing for PerformanceMonitoring for Performance EfficiencyGenerationAggregationReal-Time Processing and AlarmingStorageAnalyticsOptimizing Compute PerformanceEnhanced NetworkingInstance StorePlacement Groups

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Optimizing Datastore PerformanceOptimizing Database PerformanceWhat Next?GlossaryIndex

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About the AuthorsMarko Slugahas more than 20 years of experience in IT and has had thebenefit of witnessing the rise of cloud computing. Marko has worked on avariety of cloud-related projects, from the early stages of SOC, corporatevirtualization, and open-source API offerings to modern, fully automated,intelligent, serverless, and cloud-native solutions. Marko has been workingwith Amazon Web Services (AWS) since the start of the 2010s and holdsthree associate, two professional, and three specialty AWS certifications.Marko performs training and advising on cloud technologies and strategies,DevOps, and IT system and process optimization to clients from a wide rangeof companies, including startups, SMBs, enterprise businesses, and Fortune500 companies. Marko runs his own cloud training, coaching, and consultingpractice under the markocloud.com brand. He is the author of theAWSCertified Developer - Associate (DVA-C01) Cert Guide.Rick Crisciis the founder and principal trainer for Trainertests.com and is anexperienced AWS and VMware instructor. Original content by Rick can befound on a variety of platforms including Pearson, LinkedIn Learning, andUdemy, with more than 30 courses, over 250,000 students, and exceptionallyhigh course review scores. Rick also teaches live hands-on AWS coursesregularly for Pearson on O’Reilly.Prior to becoming an instructor, Rick had over 15 years of real-worldexperience. Some career highlights include designing high-speed Internetnetworks in the early 2000s and managing virtualization and networkingteams for a financial institution.In 2017, VMware recognized Rick as the first runner-up for Instructor of theYear for the Americas. This honor was largely due to the glowing feedbackfrom his students. Rick seeks to help students learn by taking complexconcepts and providing clear and simple explanations, diagrams, andanalogies.

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At the impressionable age of 14,William “ Bo” Rothwellcrossed paths witha TRS-80 Micro Computer System (affectionately known as a “Trash 80”).Soon after, the adults responsible for Bo made the mistake of leaving himalone with the TRS-80. He immediately dismantled it and held his firstcomputer class, showing his friends what made this “computer thing” work.Since that experience, Bo’s passion for understanding how computers workand sharing this knowledge with others has resulted in a rewarding career inIT training. His experience includes Cloud, Linux, UNIX, IT security,DevOps, and programming languages such as Perl, Python, Tcl, and BASH.He is the founder and lead instructor of One Course Source, an IT trainingorganization.

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DedicationI would like to dedicate this book to my wife and children for their continuedsupport of projects like this book.—Marko SlugaI would like to dedicate this book to my wife, Jessica, whose constantdedication to helping her students is always an inspiration, and to mychildren, who give me a purpose to work for. Also, to my mother for givingme confidence to pursue big goals, and to my father who showed me thevalue of hard work, dedication, and always putting his family before himself.—Rick CrisciNormally, I use this space to thank my wife, daughter, and parents. Whilethey continue to be my biggest supporters, I feel compelled to dedicate thisbook to those who embrace lifelong learning. Thank you all for making thisbook a small part of your learning goals.“There is no end to education. It is not that you read a book, pass anexamination, and finish with education. The whole of life, from the momentyou are born to the moment you die, is a process of learning.”—Jiddu Krishnamurti—William “Bo” Rothwell

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AcknowledgmentsI need to thank Rick and Bo for helping make this book a reality. I would alsolike to thank Nancy Davis and Chris Cleveland for their generous supportduring the creation of this title.—Marko SlugaThanks to Marko for giving me the opportunity to help with this book, and toNancy Davis for keeping this thing going. I’m appreciative of the opportunityto work with such wonderful people.—Rick CrisciThanks to the entire Pearson team for all of the gentle pushes, patience, anddedication to making this book a success.—William “Bo” Rothwell

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About the Technical ReviewersMark Wilkinsis an electronic engineering technologist with a wealth ofexperience in designing, deploying, and supporting software and hardwaretechnology in the corporate and small business world. Since 2013, Mark hasfocused on supporting and designing cloud service solutions with AmazonWeb Services, Microsoft Azure, and the IBM Cloud. He is certified inAmazon Web Services (Architecture and SysOps). Mark is also a MicrosoftCertified Trainer (MCT) and holds certifications in MCTS, MCSA, ServerVirtualization with Windows Server Hyper-V, and Azure Cloud Services.Mark currently develops AWS curriculum on technical aspects of AWSarchitecture for O’Reilly Media, Pluralsight, and LinkedIn Learning. Hispublished books includeLearning Amazon Web Services,AWS CertifiedSolutions Architect - Associate (SAA-C02) Cert Guide,Windows 2003Registry for Dummies, andAdministering SMS 3.0, Administering ActiveDirectory.As a consultant,Ryan Dymekhas been building, designing, and improvingcloud solutions for some of the largest companies in the world for more than10 years. Ryan began working with AWS cloud solutions in 2009 and in2016 added GCP to his portfolio. Ryan transforms teams and organizationsusing DevOps principles and solid architectural approaches through a modelof culture and “people first” philosophies. Ryan has trained more than 10,000people over the past 6 years on topics such as DevOps engineering, security,cost optimization, performance tuning, and operational excellence.

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We Want to Hear from You!As the reader of this book,youare our most important critic andcommentator. We value your opinion and want to know what we’re doingright, what we could do better, what areas you’d like to see us publish in, andany other words of wisdom you’re willing to pass our way.We welcome your comments. You can email or write to let us know whatyou did or didn’t like about this book—as well as what we can do to makeour books better.Please note that we cannot help you with technical problems related to thetopic of this book.When you write, please be sure to include this book’s title and author as wellas your name and email address. We will carefully review your commentsand share them with the author and editors who worked on the book.Email: community@informit.com

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Reader ServicesRegister your copy ofAWS Certified SysOps Administrator – Associate(SOA-C02) Exam Cramat www.pearsonitcertification.com for convenientaccess to downloads, updates, and corrections as they become available. Tostart the registration process, go to www.pearsonitcertification.com/registerand log in or create an account*. Enter the product ISBN9780137509584andclickSubmit. When the process is complete, you will find any availablebonus content under Registered Products.*Be sure to check the box that you would like to hear from us to receiveexclusive discounts on future editions of this product.

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IntroductionWelcome toAWS Certified SysOps Administrator – Associate (SOA-C02)Exam Cram. This book will help you get ready to take and pass the AWSCertified SysOps Administrator – Associate (SOA-C02) exam.This book is designed to remind you of everything you need to know to passthe SOA-C02 certification exam. Each chapter includes a number of practicequestions that should give you a reasonably accurate assessment of yourknowledge, and, yes, we’ve provided the answers and their explanations forthese questions. Read this book, understand the material, and you’ll stand avery good chance of passing the real test.Exam Crambooks help you understand and appreciate the subjects andmaterials you need to know to pass AWS certification exams.Exam Crambooks are aimed strictly at test preparation and review. They do not teach youeverything you need to know about a subject. Instead, the authors streamlineand highlight the pertinent information by presenting and dissecting thequestions and problems they’ve discovered that you’re likely to encounter onan AWS certification exam.Let’s begin by looking at preparation for the exam.How to Prepare for the ExamThis text follows the official exam objectives closely to help ensure yoursuccess. The AWS Certified SysOps Administrator – Associate exam covers6 domains and 14 objectives, and this book is aligned with those domains andobjectives. These official objectives from AWS can be found here:https://d1.awsstatic.com/training-and-certification/docs-sysops-associate/AWS-Certified-SysOps-Administrator-Associate_Exam-Guide.pdf

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As you examine the numerous exam topics now covered in the exam, resistthe urge to panic! This book will provide you with the knowledge (andconfidence) that you need to succeed. You just need to make sure you read itand follow the guidance it provides throughout your SysOps Administrator –Associate journey.Practice TestsThis book is filled with practice exam questions to get you ready!CramSaver questions at the beginning of each major topic in eachchapter: These difficult, open-ended questions ensure you really knowthe material. Some readers use these questions to “test out” of a particulartopic.CramQuizzes at the end of each chapter: These quizzes provideanother chance to demonstrate your knowledge after completing achapter.In addition, the book comes with two full practice tests in the Pearson TestPrep software available to you either online or as an offline Windowsapplication. To access the practice exams, please see the instructions in thecard inserted in the sleeve in the back of the book. This card includes aunique access code that enables you to activate your exams in the PearsonTest Prep software.If you are interested in more practice exams than are provided with this book,Pearson IT Certification publishes a Premium Edition eBook and PracticeTest product. In addition to providing you with three eBook files (EPUB,PDF, and Kindle), this product provides you with two additional exams’worth of questions. The Premium Edition version also offers you a link to thespecific section in the book that presents an overview of the topic covered inthe question, allowing you to easily refresh your knowledge. The insert cardin the back of the book includes a special offer for an 80 percent discount offthis Premium Edition eBook and Practice Test product, which is an incredibledeal.Taking a Certification Exam

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