CompTIA A+ CertMike: Core 1 Exam 220-1101 (2023)

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WILEYBOOKSINTHECERTMIKESERIESCompTIAITF+CertMike:Prepare.Practice.PasstheTest!GetCertified!ExamFCO-U61byMikeChapple(ISBN9781119897811)CompTIAA+CertMike:Prepare.Practice.PasstheTest!GetCertified!Core1Exam220-1101byMikeChappleandMarkSoper(ISBN9781119898092)CompTIAA+CertMike:Prepare.Practice.PasstheTest!GetCertified!Core2Exam220-1102byMikeChappleandMarkSoper(ISBN9781119898122)CompTIANetwork+CertMike:Prepare.Practice.PasstheTest!GetCertified!ExamN10-008byMikeChappleandCraigZacker(ISBN9781119898153)Study

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CompTIA®ITF+CertMike

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CompTIA®ITF+CertMikeMikeChappleCusBex

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Copyright©2023byJohnWiley&Sons,Inc.Allrightsreserved.PublishedbyJohnWiley&Sons,Inc.Hoboken,NewJersey.PublishedsimultaneouslyinCanadaandtheUnitedKingdom.ISBN:978-1-119-89781-1ISBN:978-1-119-89783-5(ebk.)ISBN:978-1-119-89782-8(ebk.)Nopartofthispublicationmaybereproduced,storedinaretrievalsystem,ortransmittedinanyformorbyanymeans,electronic,mechanical,photocopying,recording,scanning,orotherwise,exceptaspermittedunderSection107or108ofthe1976UnitedStatesCopyrightAct,withouteitherthepriorwrittenpermissionofthePublisher,orauthorizationthroughpaymentoftheappropriateper-copyfeetotheCopyrightClearanceCenter,Inc.,222RosewoodDrive,Danvers,MA01923,(978)750-8400,fax(978)750-4470,oronthewebatwww.copyright.com.RequeststothePublisherforpermissionshouldbeaddressedtothePermissionsDepartment,JohnWiley&Sons,Inc.,111RiverStreet,Hoboken,NJ07030,(201)748-6011,fax(201)748-6008,oronlineatwww.wiley.com/go/permission.Trademarks:WILEY,theWileylogo,andtheSybexlogoaretrademarksorregisteredtrademarksofJohnWiley&Sons,Inc.and/oritsaffiliates,intheUnitedStatesandothercountries,andmaynotbeusedwithoutwrittenpermission.CompTIAisaregisteredtrademarkofTheComputingTechnologyIndustryAssociation,Inc.Allothertrademarksarethepropertyoftheirrespectiveowners.JohnWiley&Sons,Inc.isnotassociatedwithanyproductorvendormentionedinthisbook.LimitofLiability/DisclaimerofWarranty:Whilethepublisherandauthorhaveusedtheirbesteffortsinpreparingthisbook,theymakenorepresentationsorwarrantieswithrespecttotheaccuracyorcompletenessofthecontentsofthisbookandspecificallydisclaimanyimpliedwarrantiesofmerchantabilityorfitnessforaparticularpurpose.Nowarrantymaybecreatedorextendedbysalesrepresentativesorwrittensalesmaterials.Theadviceandstrategiescontainedhereinmaynotbesuitableforyoursituation.Youshouldconsultwithaprofessionalwhereappropriate.Further,readersshouldbeawarethatwebsiteslistedinthisworkmayhavechangedordisappearedbetweenwhenthisworkwaswrittenandwhenitisread.Neitherthepublishernorauthorsshallbeliableforanylossofprofitoranyothercommercialdamages,includingbutnotlimitedtospecial,incidental,consequential,orotherdamages.Forgeneralinformationonourotherproductsandservicesorfortechnicalsupport,pleasecontactourCustomerCareDepartmentwithintheUnitedStatesat(800)762-2974,outsidetheUnitedStatesat(317)572-3993orfax(317)572-4002.Wileyalsopublishesitsbooksinavarietyofelectronicformats.Somecontentthatappearsinprintmaynotbeavailableinelectronicformats.FormoreinformationaboutWileyproducts,visitourwebsiteatwww.wiLey.com.LibraryofCongressControlNumber:2022935720Coverdesign:WileyStudy

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ToallofmystudentsatNotreDame.Theenergy,enthusiasm,andexperiencesyoubringtotheclassroommakemeabetterteacherandwriter.—Mike1StudyX

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ACKNOWLEDGMENTSThisbookmarksthestartofanewtestprepseriescalledCertMike:Prepare.Practice.PasstheTest!GetCertified!,andI'dfirstliketothankthepeoplewhohelpedshapethevisionforthisseries.TheoriginalideawashatchedoverbreakfastwithtwoverysupportiveeditorsfromtheWileyteam:KenBrownandJimMinatel.I'veworkedwithbothJimandKenonmanybooksovermanyyears,andthey'rebothinsightfulindustryexpertswhoknowwhatittakestoproduceagreatbook.I'dalsoliketoextendaspecialthank-youtomyagent,CaroleJelenofWatersidePro-ductions.Caroleisalsoanexperiencedindustryprowhocandeftlynavigatethemurkywatersofpublishing.Caroleistheonewhopushedmetocreatemyownseries.Ofcourse,thecreationofanybookinvolvesatremendousamountofeffortfrommanypeopleotherthantheauthor.|trulyappreciatetheworkofAdaobiObiTulton,theprojecteditor.Adaobiand|havenowworkedtogetheronmanybooks,andshekeepsthetrainonthetracks!I'dalsoliketothankAudreyO'Shea,thetechnicaleditor,whoprovidedinsightfuladviceandgavewonderfulfeedbackthroughoutthebook,andArchanaPra-gash,productioneditor,whoguidedmethroughlayouts,formatting,andfinalcleanuptoproduceagreatbook.|wouldalsoliketothankthemanybehind-the-scenescontrib-utors,includingthegraphics,production,andtechnicalteamswhomakethebookandcompanionmaterialsintoafinishedproduct.Finally,|wouldliketothankmyfamily,whosupportedmethroughthelateevenings,busyweekends,andlonghoursthatabooklikethisrequirestowrite,edit,andgettopress.

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ABOUTTHEAUTHORMikeChapple,Ph.D.,isauthorofthebest-sellingCISSP(ISC)?CertifiedInformationSystemsSecurityProfessionalOfficialStudyGuide(Sybex,2021)andtheCISSP(ISC)?OfficialPracticeTests(Sybex,2021).Heisaninformationtechnologyprofessionalwithtwodecadesofexperienceinhighereducation,theprivatesector,andgovernment.MikecurrentlyservesasTeachingProfessorintheIT,Analytics,andOperationsdepartmentattheUniversityofNotreDame'sMendozaCollegeofBusiness,whereheteachesundergraduateandgraduatecoursesoncybersecurity,cloudcomputing,datamanagement,andbusinessanalytics.BeforereturningtoNotreDame,MikeservedasexecutivevicepresidentandchiefinformationofficeroftheBrandInstitute,aMiami-basedmarketingconsultancy.MikealsospentfouryearsintheinformationsecurityresearchgroupattheNationalSecurityAgencyandservedasanactivedutyintelligenceofficerintheU.S.AirForce.Mikehaswrittenmorethan25books.HeearnedbothhisB.S.andPh.D.degreesfromNotreDameincomputerscienceandengineering.MikealsoholdsanM.S.incom-putersciencefromtheUniversityof[dahoandanMBAfromAuburnUniversity.MikeholdstheITFundamentals(ITF+),CybersecurityAnalyst+(CySA+),Data+,Security+,CertifiedInformationSecurityManager(CISM),CertifiedCloudSecurityProfessional(CCSP),andCer-tifiedInformationSystemsSecurityProfessional(CISSP)certifications.LearnmoreaboutMikeandhisothersecuritycertificationmaterialsathiswebsite,CertMike.com.

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ABOUTTHETECHNICALEDITORAudrey0’SheaholdsCompTIAA+,ITF+,Network+,Security+,Project+,andotherindustrycertifications.Theformerownerofacomputerconsultingcompany,sheholdstwodegreesandaNewYorkStateteachinglicense.Audreychosetobecomeanedu-catortoshareherknowledgewiththenextwaveofITprofessionals.Shehastaughtatthecollegelevel,intechnicalschools,andadultseminarswithcoursesrangingfromElectricalTheoryandPracticeforEnergyWorkers,toMicrosoftOffice,CompTIAA+,IntroductiontoCybersecurity,andCISCOcertification.Audreyisateacher,author,consultant,andentrepreneur,andhashelpedmanystudentslearnwhattheyneedtoknowtopasstheircertificationexams.Audreyhasauthoredtwotechnicalbooks:AGeekGirl'sGuidetoElectronicsandtheInternetofThings(Wiley,2020)andCompTIAA+CompletePracticeTests,3rdEdition(Wiley,2022).ShehasalsoservedastechnicaleditorontwootherbooksleadingtoCompTIAcertifications.AudreylivesinupstateNewYorkwithhersignificantotherandtheirfurbabies.Whensheisn'tbehindacomputeryoucanfindherhikingintheAdirondackMountainsorkay-akingonalakesomewhere.

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CONTENTSIntroductionxvPART|DOMAIN1.0:ITCONCEPTSANDTERMINOLOGY1CHAPTER1NotationalSystems3CHAPTER2DataTypes1CHAPTER3ComputingBasics19CHAPTER4ValueofData25CHAPTER5UnitsofMeasure33CHAPTER6TroubleshootingMethodologyMPARTIIDOMAIN2.0:INFRASTRUCTURE49CHAPTER7Input/OutputDeviceInterfaces51CHAPTER8InstallingPeripherals61CHAPTER9InternalComputingComponents69CHAPTER10InternetServiceTypes79CHAPTER11Storage85CHAPTER12ComputingDevices95CHAPTER13TCP/IPNetworking107CHAPTER14ApplicationProtocols17CHAPTER15NetworkDevices123CHAPTER16WirelessNetworks131PARTIIDOMAIN3.0:APPLICATIONSANDSOFTWARE143CHAPTER17OperatingSystems145CHAPTER18Virtualization153CHAPTER19Filesystems159CHAPTER20ServicesandProcesses169

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xivCHAPTER21Drivers,Utilities,andInterfaces175CHAPTER22SoftwareTypes183CHAPTER23ApplicationArchitectureandDelivery193CHAPTER24WebBrowsers199CHAPTER25ApplicationConceptsandUsesmPARTIVDOMAIN4.0:SOFTWAREDEVELOPMENTCONCEPTS217CHAPTER26ProgrammingLanguages219CHAPTER27ProgrammingOrganizationalTechniques227CHAPTER28LogicComponents233CHAPTER29ProgrammingConcepts239PARTVDOMAIN5.0:DATABASEFUNDAMENTALS249CHAPTER30DatabaseConcepts251CHAPTER31DatabaseStructures259CHAPTER32DatabaseInterfaces269PARTVIDOMAIN6.0:SECURITY277CHAPTER33Confidentiality,Integrity,andAvailability279CHAPTER34SecuringDevices287CHAPTER35BehavioralSecurity293CHAPTER36Authentication,Authorization,Accounting,andNonrepudiation299CHAPTER37PasswordBestPractices313CHAPTER38Encryption319CHAPTER39BusinessContinuityandDisasterRecovery325INDEX331

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INTRODUCTIONIfyou'repreparingtotaketheITF+(ITFundamentals+)exam,youmightfindyourselfoverwhelmedwithinformation.Thisexamcoversaverybroadrangeoftopics,andit’spos-sibletospendweeksstudyingeachoneofthem.Fortunately,that’snotnecessary!AspartoftheCertMike:Prepare.Practice.PasstheTest!GetCertified!series,thisbookisdesignedtohelpyoufocusonthespecificknowledgethatyou'llneedtopasstheITF+exam.CompTIApublishesadetailedlistofexamobjectives,andthisbookisorganizedaroundthoseobjectives.Eachchapterclearlystatesthesingleobjectivethatitcoversandthen,inafewpages,coversthematerialyouneedtoknowaboutthatobjective.You'llfindtwoimportantthingsattheendofeachchapter:CertMikeExamEssentialsandPracticeQuestions.TheCertMikeExamEssentialsdistillthemajorpointsfromthechapterintojustafewbulletpoints.ReviewingtheseCertMikeExamEssentialsisagreatwaytoprepareyourselfrightbeforetakingtheexam.I'vealsorecordedanaudioversionoftheCertMikeExamEssentialsthatyoucanaccessonlineatwww.wiley.com/go/sybextestprepafterregisteringandloggingon.Youcanlistentotheaudioreviewwhenyou'reinthecar,atthegym,ormowingthelawn!Eachchapterconcludeswithtwopracticequestionsthataredesignedtogiveyouatasteofwhatit’sliketotaketheexam.You'llfindthatthey'rewritteninthesamestyleastheITF+examquestionsandhaveverydetailedexplanationstohelpyouunderstandthecorrectanswer.Besuretotakeyourtimeandthoroughlystudythesequestions.Finally,thebook'sonlinetestbank(www.wiley.com/go/sybextestprep)includesafull-lengthpracticeexamthatyoucanusetoassessyourknowledgewhenyou'rereadytotakethetest.GoodluckontheITF+exam!NOTEDon'tjuststudythequestionsandanswers!Thequestionsontheactualexamwillbedifferentfromthepracticequestionsincludedinthisbook.Theexamisdesignedtotestyourknowledgeofaconceptorobjective,sousethisbooktolearntheobjectivesbehindthequestions.THEITF+EXAMTheITF+examisdesignedtobeavendor-neutralcertificationforthoseseekingtoentertheinformationtechnologyfield.CompTIArecommendsthiscertificationforthreetypesofpeople:»>Studentsconsideringstartingacareerininformationtechnology»Professionalsworkinginfieldsthatrequireanunderstandingofinformationtechnology»>Sales,marketing,andoperationsprofessionalsinIT-focusedcompanies

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Theexamcoverssixmajordomainsofknowledge:1.ITConceptsandTerminology2.Infrastructure3.ApplicationsandSoftware4.SoftwareDevelopmentConcepts5.DatabaseFundamentals6.SecurityThesesixareasincludearangeoftopics,frominstallingprinterstosecuringnetworks,whilefocusingheavilyonthebasicknowledgeexpectedofallITprofessionals.That'swhyCompTIArecommendstheITF+certificationforthoseinanyIT-relatedfield.TheITF+examusesonlystandardmultiple-choicequestions.UnlikeotherCompTIAexams,youwon'tfindperformance-basedquestions(PBQs)ontheITF+exam.Thisexamisdesignedtobestraightforwardandnottotrickyou.Ifyouknowthematerialinthisbook,youwillpasstheexam.Theexamcosts$130intheUnitedStates,withroughlyequivalentpricesinotherloca-tionsaroundtheglobe.MoredetailsabouttheITF+examandhowtotakeitcanbefoundatwww.comptia.org/certifications/it-fundamentals.You'llhave50minutestotaketheexamandwillbeaskedtoanswerupto75questionsduringthattimeperiod.Yourexamwillbescoredonascalerangingfrom100to900,withapassingscoreof650.NOTECompTIAfrequentlydoeswhatiscalleditemseeding,whichisthepracticeofincludingunscoredquestionsonexams.Itdoessotogatherpsychometricdata,whichisthenusedwhendevelopingnewversionsoftheexam.Beforeyoutaketheexam,youwillbetoldthatyourexammayincludetheseunscoredques-tions.So,ifyoucomeacrossaquestionthatdoesnotappeartomaptoanyoftheexamobjectives—orforthatmatter,doesnotappeartobelongintheexam—itislikelyaseededquestion.Youneverreallyknowwhetherornotaquestionisseeded,however,soalwaysmakeyourbestefforttoanswereveryquestion.TakingtheExamOnceyouarefullypreparedtotaketheexam,youcanvisittheCompTIAwebsitetopur-chaseyourexamvoucher:https://store.comptia.orgCurrently,CompTIAofferstwooptionsfortakingtheexam:anin-personexamatatestingcenterandanat-homeexamthatyoutakeonyourowncomputer.TIPThisbookincludesacouponthatyoumayusetosave10percentonyourCompTIAexamregistration.Study

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In-PersonExamsCompTIApartnerswithPearsonVUE’stestingcenters,soyournextstepwillbetolocateatestingcenternearyou.IntheUnitedStates,youcandothisbasedonyouraddressoryourZIPcode,whilenon-U.S.testtakersmayfinditeasiertoentertheircityandcountry.YoucansearchforatestcenternearyouatthePearsonVuewebsite,whereyouwillneedtonavigateto“Findatestcenter”:www.pearsonvue.com/comptiaNowthatyouknowwhereyou'dliketotaketheexam,simplysetupaPearsonVUEtest-ingaccountandscheduleanexamontheirsite.Onthedayofthetest,taketwoformsofidentification,andmakesuretoshowupwithplentyoftimebeforetheexamstarts.Rememberthatyouwillnotbeabletotakeyournotes,electronicdevices(includingsmartphonesandwatches),orothermaterialsinwithyou.At-HomeExamsCompTIAbeganofferingonlineexamproctoringin2020inresponsetothecoronaviruspandemic.Asofthetimethisbookwenttopress,theat-hometestingoptionwasstillavailableandappearslikelytocontinue.Candidatesusingthisapproachwilltaketheexamattheirhomeorofficeandbeproctoredoverawebcambyaremoteproctor.Duetotherapidlychangingnatureoftheat-hometestingexperience,candidateswish-ingtopursuethisoptionshouldchecktheCompTIAwebsiteforthelatestdetails.AftertheITF+ExamOnceyouhavetakentheexam,youwillbenotifiedofyourscoreimmediately,soyou'llknowifyoupassedthetestrightaway.Youshouldkeeptrackofyourscorereportwithyourexamregistrationrecordsandtheemailaddressyouusedtoregisterfortheexam.AfteryouearntheITF+certification,you'recertifiedforlife!UnlikemanyotherCompTIAcertificationsthatmustberenewedonaperiodicbasis,theITF+certificationispermanentandremainswithyouthroughoutyourcareer.ManypeoplewhoearntheITF+credentialuseitasastepping-stonetoearningothercer-tificationsintheirareasofinterest.ThoseinterestedintechnicalsupportrolespursuetheA+certification,thoseinterestedinnetworkingworktowardtheNetwork+credential,andtheSecurity+certificationisagatewaytoacareerincybersecurity.WHATDOESTHISBOOKCOVER?ThisbookcoverseverythingyouneedtoknowtopasstheITF+exam.Itisorganizedintosixparts,eachcorrespondingtooneofthesixITF+domains.PartI:Domain1.0:ITConceptsandTerminologyChapter1:NotationalSystemsChapter2:DataTypesStudy

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Chapter3:ComputingBasicsChapter4:ValueofDataChapter5:UnitsofMeasureChapter6:TroubleshootingPartIl:Domain2.0:InfrastructureChapter7:Input/OutputDeviceInterfacesChapter8:InstallingPeripheralsChapter9:InternalComputingComponentsChapter10:InternetServiceTypesChapter11:StorageChapter12:ComputingDevicesChapter13:TCP/IPNetworkingChapter14:ApplicationProtocolsChapter15:NetworkDevicesChapter16:WirelessNetworksPartlll:Domain3.0:ApplicationsandSoftwareChapter17:OperatingSystemsChapter18:VirtualizationChapter19:FilesystemsChapter20:ServicesandProcessesChapter21:Drivers,Utilities,andInterfacesChapter22:SoftwareTypesChapter23:ApplicationArchitectureandDeliveryChapter24:WebBrowsersChapter25:ApplicationConceptsandUsesPartIV:Domain4.0:SoftwareDevelopmentConceptsChapter26:ProgrammingLanguagesChapter27:ProgrammingOrganizationalTechniquesChapter28:LogicComponentsChapter29:ProgrammingConcepts

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PartV:Domain5.0:DatabaseFundamentalsChapter30:DatabaseConceptsChapter31:DatabaseStructuresChapter32:DatabaseInterfacesPartVI:Domain6.0:SecurityChapter33:Confidentiality,Integrity,andAvailabilityChapter34:SecuringDevicesChapter35:BehavioralSecurityChapter36:Authentication,Authorization,Accounting,andNonrepudiationChapter37:PasswordBestPracticesChapter38:EncryptionChapter39:BusinessContinuityandDisasterRecoveryCertMike:Prepare.Practice.PasstheTest!GetCertified!SeriesElementsEachbookintheCertMikeGetCertifiedseriesusesanumberofcommonelementstohelpyouprepare.Theseincludethefollowing:ExamTipsThroughouteachchapter,I'vesprinkledpracticalexamtipsthathelpfocusyourreadingontopicsthatareparticularlyconfusingorimportanttounderstandfortheexam.CertMikeExamEssentialsTheexamessentialsfocusonmajorexamtopicsandcriticalknowledgethatyoushouldtakeintothetest.TheexamessentialsfocusontheexamobjectivesprovidedbyCompTIA.PracticeQuestionsTwoquestionsattheendofeachchapterhelpyouassessyourknowledgeandifyouarereadytotaketheexambasedonyourknowledgeofthatchapter'stopics.PracticeExamandAudioReviewThisbookcomeswithonlinestudytools:apracticeexamandaudioreviewtohelpyoupreparefortheexam.NOTEGotowww.wiley.com/go/sybextestpreptoregisterandgainaccesstotheonlinestudytools.Study

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oxPracticeExamThebookincludesapracticeexam.YoucantestyourknowledgeoftheITF+objectivesthatarecoveredinthechaptersintheirentiretyorrandomized.It'syourchoice!AudioReviewI'verecordedanaudioreviewwhere|readeachofthe39setsofCertMikeExamEssentials.Thisreviewprovidesahelpfulrecapofthemaintopicscoveredontheexam,whichyoucanlistentowhileyou'recommuting,workingout,orrelaxing.NOTELikeallexams,theITF+certificationfromCompTIAisupdatedperiodicallyandmayeventuallyberetiredorreplaced.AtsomepointafterCompTIAisnolongerofferingthisexam,theoldeditionsofourbooksandonlinetoolswillberetired.Ifyouhavepurchasedthisbookaftertheexamwasretired,orareattemptingtoregisterintheSybexonlinelearningenvironmentaftertheexamwasretired,pleaseknowthatwemakenoguaranteesthatthisexam’sonlineSybextoolswillbeavailableoncetheexamisnolongeravailable.EXAMFC0-U61EXAMOBJECTIVESCompTIAgoestogreatlengthstoensurethatitscertificationprogramsaccuratelyreflecttheITindustry'sbestpractices.Theydothisbyestablishingcommitteesforeachofitsexamprograms.EachcommitteeconsistsofasmallgroupofITprofessionals,trainingproviders,andpublisherswhoareresponsibleforestablishingtheexam'’sbaselinecompe-tencylevelandwhodeterminetheappropriatetarget-audiencelevel.Oncethesefactorsaredetermined,CompTIAsharesthisinformationwithagroupofhand-selectedsubjectmatterexperts(SMEs).Thesefolksarethetruebrainpowerbehindthecertificationprogram.TheSMEsreviewthecommittee'sfindings,refinethem,andshapethemintotheobjectivesthatfollowthissection.CompTIAcallsthisprocessajob-taskanal-ysis(JTA).Finally,CompTIAconductsasurveytoensurethattheobjectivesandweightingstrulyreflectjobrequirements.OnlythencantheSMEsgotoworkwritingthehundredsofques-tionsneededfortheexam.Evenso,theyhavetogobacktothedrawingboardforfurtherrefinementsinmanycasesbeforetheexamisreadytogoliveinitsfinalstate.Restassuredthatthecontentyou'reabouttolearnwillserveyoulongafteryoutaketheexam.CompTIAalsopublishesrelativeweightingsforeachoftheexam'’sobjectives.Thefollow-ingtableliststhesixITF+objectivedomainsandtheextenttowhichtheyarerepresentedontheexam.

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1.0ITConceptsandTerminology17%2.0Infrastructure22%3.0ApplicationsandSoftware18%4.0SoftwareDevelopmentConcepts12%5.0DatabaseFundamentals11%6.0Security20%FC0-U61CERTIFICATIONEXAMOBJECTIVEMAP1.0ITConceptsandTerminology1.1Compareandcontrastnotationalsystems11.2Compareandcontrastfundamentaldatatypesandtheir2characteristics1.3Illustratethebasicsofcomputingandprocessing31.4Explainthevalueofdataandinformation41.5Compareandcontrastcommonunitsofmeasure51.6Explainthetroubleshootingmethodology62.0Infrastructure2.1Classifycommontypesofinput/outputdeviceinterfaces72.2Givenascenario,setupandinstallcommonperipheraldevicesto8alaptop/PC

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2.3Explainthepurposeofcommoninternalcomputingcomponents92.4CompareandcontrastcommonInternetservicetypes102.5Compareandcontraststoragetypes12.6Compareandcontrastcommoncomputingdevicesandtheir12purposes2.7Explainbasicnetworkingconcepts13,14,152.8Givenascenario,install,configure,andsecureabasicwireless16network3.0ApplicationsandSoftware3.1Explainthepurposeofoperatingsystems17,183.2Compareandcontrastcomponentsofanoperatingsystem19,20,213.3Explainthepurposeandproperuseofsoftware223.4Explainmethodsofapplicationarchitectureanddeliverymodels~~233.5Givenascenario,configureandusewebbrowsers243.6Compareandcontrastgeneralapplicationconceptsanduses254.0SoftwareDevelopmentConcepts4.1Compareandcontrastprogramminglanguagecategories264.2Givenascenario,useprogrammingorganizationaltechniques27,28andinterpretlogic4.3Explainthepurposeanduseofprogrammingconcepts295.0DatabaseFundamentals5.1Explaindatabaseconceptsandthepurposeofadatabase305.2Compareandcontrastvariousdatabasestructures31

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ObjectiveChapter5.3Summarizemethodsusedtointerfacewithdatabases326.0Security6.1Summarizeconfidentiality,integrity,andavailabilityconcerns336.2Explainmethodstosecuredevicesandbestpractices346.3Summarizebehavioralsecurityconcepts356.4Compareandcontrastauthentication,authorization,accounting,36andnonrepudiationconcepts6.5Explainpasswordbestpractices376.6Explaincommonusesofencryption386.7Explainbusinesscontinuityconcepts39NOTEExamobjectivesaresubjecttochangeatanytimewithoutpriornoticeandatCompTIA'sdiscretion.PleasevisitCompTIA'swebsite(www.comptia.org)forthemostcurrentlistingofexamobjectives.Ifyoubelieveyou'vefoundamistakeinthisbook,pleasebringittoourattention.AtJohnWiley&Sons,weunderstandhowimportantitistoprovideourcustomerswithaccuratecontent,butevenwithourbesteffortsanerrormayoccur.Inordertosubmityourpossibleerrata,pleaseemailittoourCustomerServiceTeamatwileysupport@wiley.comwiththesubjectline“PossibleBookErrataSubmission.”T=Study)

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PARTI°Domain1.0:ITConceptsand°TerminologyChapter1NotationalSystemsChapter2DataTypesChapter3ComputingBasicsChapter4ValueofDataChapter5UnitsofMeasureChapter6TroubleshootingMethodologyITConceptsandTerminologyisthefirstdomainofCompTIA'sITF+exam.Itprovidesthefoundationalknowledgethatanyoneininformationtechnologyneedstounder-standastheybegintheircareers.Thisdomainhassixobjectives:1.1Compareandcontrastnotationalsystems1.2Compareandcontrastfundamentaldatatypesandtheircharacteristics1.3Illustratethebasicsofcomputingandprocessing1.4Explainthevalueofdataandinformation1.5Compareandcontrastcommonunitsofmeasure1.6ExplainthetroubleshootingmethodologyQuestionsfromthisdomainmakeup17%ofthequestionsontheITF+exam,soyoushouldexpecttoseeapproximately13questionsonyourtestcoveringthematerialinthispart.

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NotationalSystems.Objective1.1:CompareComputersaredesignedtostoreandmanipulatedatainbinaryform,butthatformatisn'toftenconvenientorappropriateforhumansorsoftwareapplications.Notationalsystemsprovideuswithwaystouse£4binarydatastoragetechnologiestorepresentnumbers,text,andother&dataformats.Inthischapter,you'lllearneverythingyouneedtoknowaboutITF+objective1.1,includingthefollowingtopics:»Binary»Hexadecimal»Decimal»DatarepresentationAswediveintotheworldofinformationtechnology,it'simportanttounderstandhowcomputersstoreandworkwithdata.Let'sbeginthatdiscussionbytalkingaboutthebasicunitsofstorageinacomputersystem.BinaryDataYou'veprobablyheardthatcomputersworkwithbinarydata,ordatathatisstoredassimplyOsand1s.EverythingthathappensinsideacomputersystemusesStudy|chappressrsn_corimaa5&oso20zs104646|

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®.combinationsof0sand1s.FromtheoperatingsystemandsoftwarethatweruntoourMicrosoftWorddocumentsorevenavideofile,everythingisencodedinbinaryformat.Thereasonforthisisthatcomputerscaneasilyusethisbinaryformattostoredataondisk,keepitinmemory,orsenditoveranetwork.Thebasicunitofbinarystorageinanycomputersystemisthebit.Abitisasinglebinarydigitthatcanbeeither1or0.Thosearetheonlytwopossiblevaluesforabit.Youcan'tputthenumber2ortheletterZinabit.Itcanonlybea1ora0,asshowninFigure1.1.FIGURE1.1Asinglebitcanonlyholdtwovalues:0and1.Whenwestoredataonamagneticharddrive,thecomputerdividesthedriveupintobillionsoftinylittlespaces,eachdesignedtostoreasinglebit.Ifthevalueofthebitis1,thecomputerplacesamagneticchargeinthelocationusedbythatbit.Ifthevalueofthebitis0,thecomputerleavesnomagneticchargeinthatlocation.Whendataisstoredonasolid-statedrive(SSD)orinmemory,theprocessworksthesamewaybutusingelectricityinsteadofmagnetism.Ifthevalueofabitinmemoryis1,asmall@®electricalchargechangesthevalueinthatmemorylocationtothe“on”position.IfthevalueE>hofthebitis0,thevalueinthatpositionissettothe“off”position.Now,computersmaythinkinOsand1s,butthat’snotthewaythatwehumanbeingsthink.We'dmuchprefertothinkofourdataintermsoflettersandnumbers!Computersstorethedatathatwe'remorefamiliarwithbycombiningmultiplebitstogether.Ifwehave2bitsofdata,wecanusethemtogethertorepresentfourdifferentvalues,asshowninFigure1.2.FIGURE1.2Twobitscanholdfourpossiblevalues.Wecouldusethe2-bitvaluesinFigure1.2tostorewholenumbersbetween0and3.Wesimplyassigneachofthe2-bitbinarypossibilitiesawhole-numberequivalent.Table1.1showsthestandardconversionforthese2-bitvalues.Study!|Chappless7811_cOLindd4&06.02.202310:46:46|

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