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True / False
1. According to the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI), there are about 500 justified fatal police shootings each year.
This number is an increase from 5 years ago.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: True
REFERENCES: Developing the Criminal Justice System
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: ESCJ.SIEG.17.01.01 - Discuss the formation of the criminal justice system in the United
States.
KEYWORDS: Remember
2. Crime is higher today than it was in the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: False
REFERENCES: Developing the Criminal Justice System
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: ESCJ.SIEG.17.01.01 - Discuss the formation of the criminal justice system in the United
States.
KEYWORDS: Remember
3. The Law Enforcement Assistance Administration (LEAA) continues to provide grants to local and state justice agencies
to fund criminal justice activities.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: False
REFERENCES: Developing the Criminal Justice System
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: ESCJ.SIEG.17.01.01 - Discuss the formation of the criminal justice system in the United
States.
KEYWORDS: Remember
4. Of the components in the Criminal Justice System, usually the correctional component comes before the other
two components.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: False
REFERENCES: The Contemporary Criminal Justice System
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: ESCJ.SIEG.17.01.03 - Identify the basic component agencies of the criminal justice system.
KEYWORDS: Analyze
5. The police department was created in the United States; the first formed in Philadelphia after the Civil War.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: False
REFERENCES: Developing the Criminal Justice System
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: ESCJ.SIEG.17.01.01 - Discuss the formation of the criminal justice system in the United
States.

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KEYWORDS: Remember
6. The contemporary criminal justice system is society’s instrument of formal social control.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: True
REFERENCES: The Contemporary Criminal Justice System
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: ESCJ.SIEG.17.01.02 - Define the concept of a criminal justice system.
KEYWORDS: Remember
7. Most criminal cases are processed through the entire formal justice system.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: False
REFERENCES: The Formal Criminal Justice Process
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: ESCJ.SIEG.17.01.06 - Articulate what is meant by the term criminal justice assembly line.
KEYWORDS: Remember
8. Police officers can arrest someone if they have a “gut feeling” that the person is guilty of a criminal offense.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: False
REFERENCES: The Formal Criminal Justice Process
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: ESCJ.SIEG.17.01.06 - Articulate what is meant by the term criminal justice assembly line.
KEYWORDS: Apply
9. In a probable cause hearing, the defendant and his or her attorney may appear and dispute the prosecutor’s charges.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: True
REFERENCES: The Formal Criminal Justice Process
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: ESCJ.SIEG.17.01.05 - Trace the formal criminal justice process.
KEYWORDS: Remember
10. Less serious felonies make up the bottom layer (Level 4) of the criminal justice system wedding cake.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: False
REFERENCES: The Informal Criminal Justice Process
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: ESCJ.SIEG.17.01.08 - Describe the “wedding cake” model of justice.
KEYWORDS: Apply
11. The crime control perspective views the justice system as a means of caring for and treating people who
cannot manage themselves.
a. True
b. False

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ANSWER: False
REFERENCES: Perspectives on Justice
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: ESCJ.SIEG.17.01.09 - Discuss the various perspectives on justice.
KEYWORDS: Remember
12. Decriminalization of marijuana would most likely be advocated by those having a perspective of equal justice.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: False
REFERENCES: Perspectives on Justice
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: ESCJ.SIEG.17.01.09 - Discuss the various perspectives on justice.
KEYWORDS: Understand
13. Noninterventionists support the placement of first-time offenders who commit minor crimes into informal community-
based treatment programs.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: True
REFERENCES: Perspectives on Justice
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: ESCJ.SIEG.17.01.09 - Discuss the various perspectives on justice.
KEYWORDS: Remember
14. The issue of ethics is becoming less important in the criminal justice system, due to an increasing number of checks
and balances.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: False
REFERENCES: Ethics in Criminal Justice
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: ESCJ.SIEG.17.01.10 - Discuss the ethical issues that arise in criminal justice.
KEYWORDS: Understand
15. An ethical issue that has received recent attention is that of sexual violence by correctional officers against inmates.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: True
REFERENCES: Ethics in Criminal Justice
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: ESCJ.SIEG.17.01.10 - Discuss the ethical issues that arise in criminal justice.
KEYWORDS: Remember
16. Use of discretion at all levels of the criminal justice system is one way in which ethical considerations arise.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: True
REFERENCES: Ethics in Criminal Justice
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: ESCJ.SIEG.15.01.10 - Discuss the ethical issues that arise in criminal justice.
KEYWORDS: Understand

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17. There has been a substantial decline in the crime rate, yet more than 11 million individuals are still arrested annually.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: True
REFERENCES: The Contemporary Criminal Justice System
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: ESCJ.SIEG.17.01.02 - Define the concept of a criminal justice system.
KEYWORDS: Remember
18. Federal funding accounts for most of all direct justice system spending.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: False
REFERENCES: The Contemporary Criminal Justice System
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: ESCJ.SIEG.17.01.03 - Identify the basic component agencies of the criminal justice system.
KEYWORDS: Remember
19. A courtroom work group is made up of a prosecutor and defense attorney and helps to streamline the process of justice
through the extensive use of deal making and plea bargaining.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: False
REFERENCES: The Informal Criminal Justice Process
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: ESCJ.SIEG.17.01.07 - Characterize the informal criminal justice system.
KEYWORDS: Remember
Multiple Choice
20. Which of the following is true regarding the relationship between criminal justice and the media?
a. The media routinely features stories exposing brutal cops and violent prisons.
b. Most criminal defendants receive a lengthy trial by jury in media representations of cases.
c. The media leads many individuals to false impressions and unrealized expectations about criminal justice.
d. All of the above statements are true regarding the relationship between criminal justice and the media.
ANSWER: d
REFERENCES: Introduction
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: ESCJ.SIEG.17.05. - Discuss the concept of community-oriented policing.
KEYWORDS: Understand
21. Which of the following statements is true?
a. During the nineteenth century, the United States experienced a surge in violent behavior.
b. Organized gangs flourished in the largest cities of the United States in the early 1900s.
c. The first criminal gangs formed before the Civil War in urban slums.
d. All of the statements are true.
ANSWER: d
REFERENCES: Developing the Criminal Justice System
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: ESCJ.SIEG.17.01.01 - Discuss the formation of the criminal justice system in the United
States.
KEYWORDS: Remember

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are those stages?
a. Initial contact, arrest, charging, custody
b. Initial contact, investigation, arrest, charging
c. Initial contact, investigation, arrest, custody
d. Initial contact, arrest, investigation, charging
ANSWER: c
REFERENCES: The Formal Criminal Justice Process
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: ESCJ.SIEG.17.01.05 - Trace the formal criminal justice process.
KEYWORDS: Remember
32. Which of the following stages of the

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Essentials of Criminal Justice 10th Edition Test Bank

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