Test Bank
for
Nonverbal Behavior
in
Interpersonal Relations
Seventh Edition
prepared by
Jason S. Wrench
SUNY New Paltz
Elizabeth A. Munz
SUNY New Paltz
Virginia P. Richmond
University of Alabama at Birmingham
James C. McCroskey
University of Alabama at Birmingham
Mark L. Hickson
University of Alabama at Birmingham

2
Table of Contents
Sample Syllabi 3
Chapter Notes
Chapter 1: Communication and Nonverbal Behavior 11
Chapter 2: Physical Appearance 14
Chapter 3: Gesture and Movement 18
Chapter 4: Facial Behavior 21
Chapter 5: Eye Behavior 24
Chapter 6: Vocal Behavior 26
Chapter 7: Space and Territoriality 30
Chapter 8: Environment and Physical Surroundings 35
Chapter 9: Touch and Communication 38
Chapter 10: Time 40
Chapter 11: Female-Male Nonverbal Relationships 44
Chapter 12: Supervisor and Employee Relationships 47
Chapter 13: Teacher-Student Nonverbal Relationships 49
Chapter 14: Intercultural Relationships 51
Chapter Exercises 53
Chapter Test Questions 83
Chapter 1: Communication and Nonverbal Behavior 84
Chapter 2: Physical Appearance 89
Chapter 3: Gesture and Movement 94
Chapter 4: Facial Behavior 99
Chapter 5: Eye Behavior 104
Chapter 6: Vocal Behavior 109
Chapter 7: Space and Territoriality 114
Chapter 8: Environment and Physical Surroundings 119
Chapter 9: Touch and Communication 124
Chapter 10: Time 129
Chapter 11: Female-Male Nonverbal Relationships 134
Chapter 12: Supervisor and Employee Relationships 139
Chapter 13: Teacher-Student Nonverbal Relationships 144
Chapter 14: Intercultural Relationships 149

Nonverbal Behavior in Interpersonal Relations, 7 th Edition
3
Sample Syllabus for a Communication Course
(Test Based Grading)
Text: Nonverbal Communication Behavior in Interpersonal Relations
Nature of the Course: The course is designed to give students a general overview of the
theoretical and practical application of nonverbal communication scholarship as it stands today.
Credit: 3 hours
Learning Objectives:
1. Define the general terms related to the academic study of nonverbal communication and
behavior.
2. Explain how nonverbal behaviors affect human communication, and how these behaviors
can be altered to improve or hurt effective communication.
3. Be able to list and explain the major categories of nonverbal communication discussed in
the course: physical appearance, gesture and movement, facial behavior, eye behavior,
vocal behavior, space and territoriality, touch, environment and physical surroundings,
and time.
4. Explain the concepts of verbal and nonverbal immediacy.
5. Explain how nonverbal communication can impact relationships between males and
females on romantic and non-romantic levels.
6. Understand the importance of nonverbal communication in the establishment of superior-
subordinate relationships.
7. Understand the importance of nonverbal communication in the establishment of student-
teacher relationships.
8. Understand the importance of nonverbal communication in intercultural communication
situations.
Weekly assignments and topics:
All readings are due the first day class meets on a weekly basis:
Week Topic Chapters to
have read
1 Introduction to nonverbal communication. 1
2 Physical Appearance 2
3 Gesture and Movement 3
4 Facial Behavior 4

Sample Syllabi
4
5 Eye Behavior 5
6 Review and Test #1
7 Vocal Behavior 6
8 Space and Territoriality & Environment and Physical Surroundings 7 & 8
9 Touch and Communication 9
10 Time 10
11 Review and Test #2
12 Female-Male Nonverbal Relationships 11
13 Supervisor and Employee Relationships 12
14 Teacher-Student Nonverbal Relationships 13
15 Intercultural Relationships and Final Exam Review 14
16 Final Examination
GRADING
The department of Communication Studies supports university policies of academic excellence
as noted in the student handbook. Interpretation of grades should be considered within the
university framework: A= 900-1,000; B= 800-899; C= 700-799; D= 600-699; & F= 599 and
below. Final grades in this course will be based on the following:
Test #1 Chapters 1-5 25%
Test #2 Chapters 6-10 30%
Test #3 Chapters 11-16 35%
In-class participation 10%
You should monitor your own grades. It is very helpful to know your standing in the course at
any time during the semester. Since the passing of the Buckley Amendment by Congress, I am
not allowed to give grades over the phone or Internet. However, you may inquire about your
grades at anytime in person. Additionally, you may inquire in person about your final exam
grade after you have received your semester grade reports through the mail from the university.
Please note, the schedule given on the first day of class is a tentative schedule and changes can
be made at the instructor’s/course administrator’s discretion. To keep on top of any possible
changes in the course schedule, regular attendance in class is necessary.

Nonverbal Behavior in Interpersonal Relations, 7 th Edition
5
Sample Syllabus for a Communication Course
(Test and Project Based Grading)
Text: Nonverbal Communication Behavior in Interpersonal Relations
Nature of the Course: The course is designed to give students a general overview of the
theoretical and practical application of nonverbal communication scholarship as it stands today.
Credit: 3 hours
Learning Objectives:
1. Define the general terms related to the academic study of nonverbal communication and
behavior.
2. Explain how nonverbal behaviors affect human communication, and how these behaviors
can be altered to improve or hurt effective communication.
3. Be able to list and explain the major categories of nonverbal communication discussed in
the course: physical appearance, gesture and movement, facial behavior, eye behavior,
vocal behavior, space and territoriality, touch, environment and physical surroundings,
and time.
4. Explain the concepts of verbal and nonverbal immediacy.
5. Explain how nonverbal communication can impact relationships between males and
females on romantic and non-romantic levels.
6. Understand the importance of nonverbal communication in the establishment of superior-
subordinate relationships.
7. Understand the importance of nonverbal communication in the establishment of student-
teacher relationships.
8. Understand the importance of nonverbal communication in intercultural communication
situations.
Weekly assignments and topics:
All readings are due the first day class meets on a weekly basis:
Week Topic Chapters to
have read
1 Introduction to nonverbal communication. 1
2 Physical Appearance 2
3 Gesture and Movement 3
4 Facial Behavior – Paper #1 Due 4
5 Eye Behavior 5

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Sample Syllabi
6
6 Vocal Behavior 6
7 Space and Territoriality & Environment and Physical Surroundings 7 & 8
8 Review and Test #1
9 Touch and Communication 9
10 Time 10
11 Review and Test #2
12 Female-Male Nonverbal Relationships 11
13 Supervisor and Employee Relationships – Paper #2 Due 12
14 Teacher-Student Nonverbal Relationships 13
15 Intercultural Relationships and Final Exam Review 14
16 Final Examination
GRADING
The department of Communication Studies supports university policies of academic excellence
as noted in the student handbook. Interpretation of grades should be considered within the
university framework: A= 900-1,000; B= 800-899; C= 700-799; D= 600-699; & F= 599 and
below. Final grades in this course will be based on the following:
Midterm Test Chapters 1-8 25%
Final Examination Chapters 9-16 25%
Paper #1 20%
Paper #2 20%
In-class participation 10%
Total 100%
Paper #1:
The first paper is going to be an analysis of physical appearance in a public space. You are
going to go to a public place where you can casually observe people passing by during an hour
long period. You will then create a classification scheme based on physical appearance. When
this is completed ask yourself the following questions, “What kind of people walked past me?”
“What kind of assumptions do I make about people based on their physical appearance?” “Why
did I choose the classification scheme that I chose?” Overall, this paper is a retrospective
analysis of how we personally evaluate and classify people based on physical appearance.
Paper #2:
This second paper is going to be a nonverbal analysis of an intimate conversation. You will
observe a couple interacting either in real life or on TV without sound. You will then explain the
conversation nonverbal through an analysis of physical appearance, gestures and movements,
and facial and eye behaviors. If possible after you have made your analysis, either re-watch the
conversation or ask the interactants for their interpretation of the interaction.
You should monitor your own grades. It is very helpful to know your standing in the course at
any time during the semester. Since the passing of the Buckley Amendment by Congress, I am
not allowed to give grades over the phone or Internet. However, you may inquire about your
grades at anytime in person. Additionally, you may inquire in person about your final exam
grade after you have received your semester grade reports through the mail from the university.

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Sample Syllabi
8
Course Schedule for the Quarter System
The two previous syllabi examples were created for schools using the traditional semester
system. If you are teaching Nonverbal Communication on the Quarter System, we recommend
the following schedule events.
Syllabus Example - #1 (Three Exams/ No Papers)
Week Topic Chapters to
have read
1 Introduction to nonverbal communication. 1
2 Physical Appearance 2
3 Gesture and Movement 3
4 Facial Behavior, Eye Behavior, & Test #1 4
5 Eye Behavior & Vocal Behavior 5 & 6
7 Space and Territoriality & Environment and Physical Surroundings 7 & 8
8 Test #2, Touch and Communication, & Time 9 & 10
9 Female-Male Nonverbal Relationships & Supervisor and Employee
Relationships
11 & 12
10 Teacher-Student Nonverbal Relationships & Intercultural
Relationships
13 & 14
11 Test #3
Syllabus Example - #2 (Two Exams/ Two Papers)
Week Topic Chapters to
have read
1 Introduction to nonverbal communication. 1
2 Physical Appearance 2
3 Gesture and Movement 3
4 Facial Behavior & Eye Behavior 4 & 5
5 Paper #1,Vocal Behavior, and Test #1 6
7 Space and Territoriality & Environment and Physical Surroundings 7 & 8
8 Touch and Communication & Time 9 & 10
9 Female-Male Nonverbal Relationships & Supervisor and Employee
Relationships
11 & 12
10 Paper #2, Teacher-Student Nonverbal Relationships & Intercultural
Relationships
13 & 14
11 Final Examination

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Nonverbal Behavior in Interpersonal Relations, 7 th Edition
9
Alternative Paper Assignments and Projects
Nonverbal Communication Journal
Since one of the main purposes of this course is to improve your understanding of nonverbal
communication, I am asking you to keep a journal of your weekly nonverbal communication so
that you can think about how (hopefully) you are improving your understanding of nonverbal
communication. Beginning with Week Two, please write in your journal twice per week. For
each journal entry:
 Describe your nonverbal communication during an interaction you participate in with another
person (probably in a paragraph).
 Tell me whether you view your nonverbal communication as positive or negative and explain
why you view it that way.
 If it was positive communication, tell me what you understand you did to help make it good;
if it was a negative communication, please explain what you understand you could have done
to make it better. (Positive or negative are of equal value; your analysis is significant).
 Lastly, I want you to analyze your interaction using concepts discussed in class and the
textbook.
Try to base your analysis on what we are studying that week. Because some of the entries in your
journal may be private and you may not wish to share them with the whole class, I will be the
only one to read your journal entries. However, if you would like to share a journal entry, you
may do so during class at any time. You may also feel the need to alter people’s names for
reasons of anonymity, which is fine with me.
Your updated journal will be due on the day of each test prior to the start of the test. If you have
kept up with your journal, having your journal ready on test days should be no problem at all.
To receive full credit for your journal entry, it should be thoughtful, articulate, thorough, and
demonstrate an understanding of the material in the textbook and a command of the terms and
definitions you are studying. Entries should be varied in their scope; do not write each entry on a
single nonverbal communication event or focus too narrowly on a single nonverbal;
communication concept. Over the course of the semester (or quarter), I should clearly see you
integrating new concepts into your journal explanation and analysis. When directly referring to
concepts from the course textbook or research articles, please make sure that you correctly cite
the information using APA Style.
The following is the basic format for each journal entry:
Journal Entry
Date:
Time:
Explanation of Dyad:
Location:

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Sample Syllabi
10
Nonverbal Communication Description:
Nonverbal Communication Analysis:
Annotated Bibliography with Presentation
Submit an annotated bibliography using APA style with at least 5 to 10 sources and annotations
about a specific area of nonverbal communication. If you have problems looking for information,
I recommend asking a content area research librarian for help in our campus’ Library. You
should clear your topic with me and start looking for research by the middle of the semester.
Your sources should be scholarly in origin, so websites and popular press books and periodicals
are not appropriate. Your sources should come from materials either owned by the library or
available to the library (e.g., electronic databases, web libraries, etc.). Any aspect of nonverbal
communication is appropriate, but you should get your topic approved prior to searching for
research.
For guidelines for writing annotated bibliographies, consider the following resources:
• http://owl.english.purdue.edu/handouts/general/gl_annotatedbib.html
• http://www.writing.utoronto.ca/advice/specific-types-of-writing/annotated-bibliography
Average annotations should be approximately ½ of a standard page of written text (single
spaced).
You may complete this assignment individually or as a pair. However, for each person added the
assignment doubles. For two students, you need 10-20 sources. For three students, you need 15-
30 sources. You can have no more than three students in a group.
Bibliography Presentation
At the end of the semester, you will present your annotated bibliography through a PowerPoint
presentation. Your PowerPoint presentation should follow general norms for PowerPoint
presentations and not an electronic version of your annotations.

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Nonverbal Behavior in Interpersonal Relations, 7 th Edition
11
Chapter 1: Communication and Nonverbal Behavior
Chapter Objectives:
1. Provide the textbook definitions of human communication and nonverbal
communication.
2. Justify the statement that “nonverbal communication is multi-disciplinary.”
3. Explain the contributions of “nature” and “nurture” with regard to nonverbal
communication.
4. Explain the idea that nonverbal communication is “culture specific.”
5. List and explain each nonverbal communication myth.
6. List the distinctions between what is “nonverbal” and what is “verbal.”
7. Explain when nonverbal behaviors become nonverbal communication.
8. Explain intentionality and nonverbal communication. You may use a 2 x 2 chart to
help you in this explanation.
9. List and explain the six functions of nonverbal messages in relation to verbal
messages in communication.
10. List the categories of nonverbal messages.
Chapter 1 Outline:
I. Communication
A. Definition of human communication
B. Definition of nonverbal communication
II. Myths about Nonverbal Communication
A. Nonverbal communication is nonsense.
B. Nonverbal behavior accounts for most communication in human interactions
C. You can read a person like a book.
D. If a person does not look you in the eye while talking to you, he or she is not telling
the truth.
E. Although nonverbal behavior differs from person to person, most nonverbal
behaviors are natural to all people.
F. Nonverbal behavior stimulates the same meanings in different situations.
III. Nonverbal versus Verbal Messages
A. Linguistic distinction
B. Continuity distinction
C. Processing distinction
D. Outcome distinction

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Chapter 1: Communication and Nonverbal Behavior
12
E. Absolute distinction
IV. Intentionality and Nonverbal Communication
A. Nonverbal Communication (Behaves to send messages/Interprets behavior as
message)
B. Nonverbal Behavior (Behaves to send message/Does not interpret behavior as
message)
C. Nonverbal Communication (Behaves with no intent to send message/Interprets
behavior as message)
D. Nonverbal Behavior (Behaves with no intent to send message/ Does not interpret
behavior as message)
V. Culture and Nonverbal Communication
VI. Six Functions of Nonverbal Messages
A. Complementing
B. Contradicting
C. Repeating
D. Regulating
E. Substituting
F. Accenting
VI. Categories of Nonverbal Messages
A. Physical appearance, dress, artifacts
B. Gestures and movements (kinesics)
C. Face and eye behavior (oculesics)
D. Vocal behaviors (vocalics and paralanguage)
E. Space (territoriality and personal space)
F. Touch (haptics)
G. Environmental cues
H. Time (chronemics)
Chapter Definitions
Accenting is the use of a nonverbal message to emphasize or highlight
the verbal message.
Accidental communication occurs when people behave and others attribute meaning to
the behavior without the sender intending it.
Chronemics is the study of the communicative aspects of time.
Complementing is the use of a nonverbal message that is consistent with,
reinforces, clarifies, or adds to the meaning of the verbal
message.
Contradicting is the use of a nonverbal message that counteracts or
conflicts with the verbal message.

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Nonverbal Behavior in Interpersonal Relations, 7 th Edition
13
Haptics is the study of the communicative aspects of touch.
Human communication is the process of one person stimulating meaning in the
mind of another person or persons by means of verbal
and/or nonverbal messages.
Kinesics is the study of the communicative aspects of gestures and
bodily movements.
Nonverbal behavior is any of a wide variety of human behaviors that also has
the potential for being interpreted as a communicative
message.
Nonverbal communication is the process of one person stimulating meaning in the
mind of another person or persons by means of nonverbal
messages.
Nonverbal immediacy refers to and individual's nonverbal behavior which causes
another person to have a feeling of physical or
psychological closeness to that individual.
Oculesics is the study of the communicative aspects of eye behavior.
Olfactics is the study of the communicative aspects of scent and
smell.
Proxemics is the study of the communicative aspects of space and
territoriality.
Regulating the use of a nonverbal message to coordinate, manage, or
regulate verbal interactions.
Repeating is the use of a nonverbal message represents the content of
the verbal message, but can also stand alone and still
stimulate the same meaning as the verbal message.
Substituting is the use of a nonverbal message in place of a verbal
message.
Vocalic or paralanguage, is the study of the communicative aspects
of the voice.

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Chapter 2: Physical Appearance
14
Chapter 2: Physical Appearance
Chapter Objectives:
1. List, explain, and give an example of the three types of attractiveness.
2. Explain the idea that “beauty is only skin deep.”
3. Review how attractiveness is often viewed as a “double-edged sword” in this culture.
4. Explain the concept and impact of “appearance obsession” or “image fixation.”
5. List 10 effects of attractiveness in this culture.
6. Define “personal body concept” and distinguish it from “self-concept.”
7. List and explain the three primary body types.
8. List and explain the psychological type associated with each body type.
9. List and explain the three reasons why we dress as we do.
10. Give six generalizations about dress.
Chapter 2 Outline:
I. Importance of Appearance
A. First messages received
B. Impact on willingness to communicate
C. Impact on relationship development
D. Initial judgments
E. Accuracy of judgments
II. Attractiveness
A. Types of Attraction
1. Physical
2. Social
3. Task
B. Attractiveness today – attractiveness tomorrow
C. Appearance obsession (image fixation)
1. Impact of an appearance obsession
2. The profile of the image fixation person
3. Judgments generated
D. Attractiveness: A two-edged sword
E. Effects of attractiveness
1. Education
2. Persuasion
3. Interviews
4. Dating/Marriage

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Nonverbal Behavior in Interpersonal Relations, 7 th Edition
15
5. The matching hypothesis
III. Personal Body Concept
A. Body concept is two-fold
B. Development of body concept
C. Personal body concept versus self-concept
D. Feelings of inadequacy or confidence about body
IV. Nonverbal Messages of Body Shape and Size
A. Endomorphic (Viscerotonic)
B. Mesomorphic (Somatotonic)
C. Ectomorphic (Cerebrotonic)
V. Nonverbal Messages of Height, Weight, and Skin Color
A. Height
B. Weight
C. Skin color/tone
D. Hair
1. Color
2. Length
3. Facial
4. Hair manipulation
VI. Appearance and Dress
A. Why Do People Dress the Way They Do?
1. Morris’ Three Reasons for Dress
a. Comfort and protection
b. Concealment
c. Cultural display
B. Clothing Characteristics and Personality
1. Thourlby’s (1980) Ten Decisions We Make About Others Based on Clothing
a. Economic Level
b. Education Level
c. Trustworthiness
d. Social Position
e. Level of Sophistication
f. Economic Background
g. Social Background
h. Educational Background
i. Level of Success
j. Moral Character
2. Aiken’s (1963) Reasons for Clothing Selection
a. They have an interest in dress.
b. They are concerned about economy in dress.
c. They use their clothing for decoration.
d. They dress for conformity.
e. They dress for comfort
3. Rosenfield and Plax’s (1977) Clothing Orientations
a. Clothing exhibitionism

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