Princeton Review GMAT Focus Premium Prep : 3 Full-Length CAT Practice Exams + 2 Diagnostic Tests + Complete Content Review (2024)
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Our GMAT course is much more than clever techniques and powerful
computer score reports; the reason our results are great is that our
teachers care so much about their students. Thanks to all the teachers
who have made the GMAT course so successful, but in particular the
core group of teachers and development people who helped get it off
the ground: Alicia Ernst, Tom Meltzer, Paul Foglino, John Sheehan,
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Special thanks to John Fulmer and Kyle Fox for their valuable
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Special thanks to Adam Robinson, who conceived of and perfected
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Get More (Free) Content
Letter to the Test-Taker
Part I: Orientation
1 Introduction
2 Taking the GMAT: What to Expect
3 Cracking the GMAT: Fundamental Strategies for Success
Part II: Diagnostic Test 1
4 Diagnostic Test 1
5 Diagnostic Test 1: Answers and Explanations
Part III: How to Crack GMAT Math
6 GMAT Math: Principles and POE
7 GMAT Math: Plugging In
8 Data Insights: Fundamentals of Integrated Reasoning Style
and Data Sufficiency Questions
9 Data Insights: Strategic Approach to Integrated Reasoning
Style Questions
10 Data Insights: Strategic Approach and Strategies for Data
Sufficiency Style Questions
11 Basic Principles of GMAT Math
12 Working Difficult Questions
13 Arithmetic
14 Number Theory
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16 Miscellaneous Math
17 Data Methods
Part IV: How to Crack the Verbal GMAT
18 Reading Comprehension
19 Critical Reasoning
Part V: Answer Key to Drills
Part VI: Diagnostic Test 2
20 Diagnostic Test 2
21 Diagnostic Test 2: Answers and Explanations
Part VII: The Princeton Review GMAT Math and Verbal
Warm-Up Questions and Explanations
22 GMAT Math and Verbal Warm-Up Questions
23 GMAT Math and Verbal Warm-Up Questions: Answers and
Explanations
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There is a lot of content that could be tested on GMAT Focus.
Virtually all that content is covered in this book.
Therefore, this book is very long.
We set out to create a book with a simple goal in mind: we want you to
achieve the GMAT score of your dreams. We’ve loaded this book with
enough practice questions, tests, and discussion about the GMAT that
nothing you see on test day is going to be a surprise to you. Before
you even see a single question, you are going to be provided with
information and details to give you confidence that the GMAT is the
right test for you to take to help achieve your career goals.
Over the years, The Princeton Review has learned a lot of important
lessons about preparing to take standardized tests. Many of those
lessons that pertain to the GMAT are in the pages of this book.
But we’ve also learned a lot of lessons about students such as
yourself. And central to those lessons is that no two students follow
the same path to success. Some of you are going to thoroughly comb
through every page, take every practice test, send questions to our
editorial team, and think about nearly nothing else until test day. If this
sounds like you, then you’re going to love this book. You might even
give it a permanent spot on your mantle.
Others of you want a book that helps you triage how to spend your
time. You have only so many hours a day or week to devote to your
studies. You’re going to see a book this big, that feels this heavy, and
know you are unlikely to see every page and work through every
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also going to love this book. The opening diagnostic test is going to
give you a good sense of where you are with each question type. The
closing diagnostic test is going to let you know just how far you’ve
come and what you still may need to brush up on to maximize your
score.
In short, we created a book that you can use to maximize your time in
order to maximize your score. We think you’ll love it. But don’t take our
word for it. See for yourself.
Happy studying,
The Princeton Review
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Orientation
1 Introduction
2 Taking the GMAT: What to Expect
3 Cracking the GMAT: Fundamental Strategies for Success
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Introduction
Congratulations on your decision to attend business school, and welcome to
GMAT Focus, Premium Prep! Preparing for the GMAT is an important part
of the process, so let’s get started. This chapter will provide you with a
strategic plan for acing the GMAT Focus, as well as an overview of the test
itself, including question formats and information on how the test is scored.
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STRATEGIC PLAN FOR ACING THE NEW
GMAT
The Graduate Management Admission Test (GMAT) is changing.
Technically, we should probably say the GMAT is changing again. In fact,
by the time you read this sentence, it’s possible the GMAT will have already
changed. After introducing the Integrated Reasoning section in 2012, the
Graduate Management Admission Council (GMAC) has decided to make
further adjustments to the test by rolling out the GMAT Focus Edition. The
updates to the GMAT are another shift in the long history of tweaks the
GMAC has rolled out over the years, all done ostensibly to better parrot the
skills required to succeed in modern industry.
Alas, we’ll (mercifully) spare you any further history lessons. After all, you
came here to learn about how to succeed at the new GMAT, not to trace the
steps of how we got here. So, let’s get cracking.
WHAT YOU WILL LEARN IN THIS BOOK
1. Learn the Famed Princeton Review Test-Taking
Strategies
In the next few chapters, you’ll find the strategies that have given our GMAT
students the edge for more than 20 years.
2. Learn the Specific Skills You’ll Need
Our courses include an extremely thorough review of the skills our students
need to ace the GMAT, and this book will give you that same review.
3. Periodically Take Simulated GMATs to Measure Your
Progress
As you work through the book, you’ll want to take our online practice tests to
see how you’re doing. Our practice tests can be found at
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GMAT Official Guide 2023–2024, which is published by the GMAC. It
contains actual test questions from previous administrations of the GMAT.
You should also take at least one of the real practice tests available through
the GMAT website, www.mba.com.
4. Hone Your Skills
Using the detailed score reports from your practice exams and the diagnostic
tests, you’ll be able to zero in on problem areas and quickly achieve
proficiency through additional practice. And as your score rises on the
adaptive sections, this book is ready with more difficult question bins to keep
you on track for the score you need.
5. Keep Track of the Application Process
Throughout the book, you will find informative sidebars explaining how and
when to register for the test, how and when to apply to business school, the
advantages and disadvantages of applying early, and much more. Plus, at
PrincetonReview.com, you’ll be able to take advantage of our powerful web-
based tools to match yourself with schools that meet your needs and
preferences.
WHAT IS THE GRADUATE MANAGEMENT
ADMISSION TEST?
The Graduate Management Admission Test (GMAT) is a standardized test
that business schools use as a tool to help decide whom they are going to
accept into their MBA programs.
Where Does the GMAT Come From?
The GMAT is published and administered by the GMAC, a private company.
We’ll tell you more about them later on in this book.
What Does the Test Look Like?
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online appointment for those who wish to take the GMAT in a familiar
environment, such as at home. The test contains three 45-minute sections that
present multiple-choice questions.
1. A 21-question Quantitative Reasoning section that
focuses on problem solving style math questions in
algebra and arithmetic
2. A 23-question Verbal section that focuses on Reading
Comprehension and Critical Reasoning questions
3. A 20-question Data Insights section that focuses on Data
Sufficiency and Integrated Reasoning style questions—
two question types found only on the GMAT
On average, this would give you right around two minutes for each question
in each section. You must answer a question in order to get to the next
question—which means that you can’t skip a question and come back to it.
And while you are not required to finish any of the sections, your score will
be adjusted downward to reflect questions you do not complete.
On each section, approximately one-quarter of the questions you encounter
will be experimental and will not count toward your score. These questions,
which will be mixed in among the regular questions, are there so the test
company can try out new questions for future tests. We’ll have much more to
say about the experimental questions later.
There is also a 10-minute optional break period that can be taken after the
first or second section. If you take the break after the first section, then you
will not have the option to take a break after the second section.
But Wait, There’s More
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to choose from one of six possible orders for the exam sections. You pick
your preferred section order on the day of the test.
Here are the possible section orders:
Order #1 Order #2 Order #3
Quantitative Reasoning Verbal Reasoning Data Insights
Verbal Reasoning Data Insights Verbal Reasoning
Data Insights Quantitative Reasoning Quantitative Reasoning
Order #4 Order #5 Order #6
Quantitative Reasoning Verbal Reasoning Data Insights
Data Insights Quantitative Reasoning Quantitative Reasoning
Verbal Reasoning Data Insights Verbal Reasoning
You do not need to choose up front after which
section you take your break. You’ll be presented
with the option as soon as the first section ends, no
matter which section you choose.
How Do You Know What Order to Pick?
The answer to that depends on your goals for the test and your level of
comfort with the different sections. Are you looking to get a high
Quantitative score, but you don’t care so much about the Verbal? Has your
school told you they never consider the Verbal Reasoning section? Are you
good at Data Insights but not so good at Quantitative?
The answers to these questions and other questions like them help to inform
your section order choice.
What Information Is Tested on the GMAT?
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GMAT.
Quantitative Reasoning (21 questions total)
Algebra and arithmetic questions in a roughly 50%-50%
split
Verbal Reasoning (23 questions total)
Reading Comprehension (tests your ability to answer
questions about a passage)—10–14 questions
Critical Reasoning (a logic-based question type recycled
from the LSAT)—approximately 9–13 questions
Data Insights (20 questions total)
Data Sufficiency (a strange type of problem that exists on
no other test in the world)—approximately 5–7 questions
Integrated Reasoning (tests your ability to read and
interpret charts, graphs, and data in 4 different question
formats)—13–15 questions
Table Analysis—data is presented in a sortable table
(like an Excel spreadsheet); each question usually
has three parts.
Graphics Interpretation—a chart or graph is used to
display data; each question usually has two parts;
answers are selected from drop-down boxes.
Multi-Source Reasoning—information (a
combination of charts, text, and tables) is presented
on two or three tabs; each set of tabbed information
is usually accompanied by three questions.
Two-Part Analysis—each question usually has five
or six options of which you need to pick two.
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The official GMAT doctrine no longer officially refers to Integrated
Reasoning (IR) questions. Instead, this specific question type is lumped in
under the Data Insights section and given no particular name at all. However,
there are specific approaches and strategies for working with this type of
question. For the sake of clarity, we will continue to refer to Integrated
Reasoning questions throughout this book to describe Graphics
Interpretation, Two-Part Analysis, Table Analysis, and Multi-Source
Reasoning questions in the aggregate.
How Is the GMAT Scored?
As soon as you are finished taking the GMAT, the computer will calculate
and display your unofficial results. Each section will receive an individual
score between 60 and 90 points in 1-point increments, as well as a percentile
rank for that section. These section scores will all contribute equally to
calculate your total score between 205 and 805 in 10-point increments, as
well as your overall percentile rank.
Scores on the individual sections of the GMAT are based on three factors: the
number of questions you answer, whether you answered the question
correctly, and the parameters of the question (such as difficulty). Your score
improves if you answer more questions, answer them correctly, and answer
them at a higher level of difficulty.
The percentile ranking for each section is there to give you a sense of how
you performed compared to other test-takers. For example, if you see a
percentile of 72 next to your Data Insights score, it means that 72 percent of
the people who took this test scored lower than you did on the Data Insights
section.
Here are the average scores for the total and each of the sections, according to
GMAC.
Section Average Score Standard Deviation
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Quantitative 77.71 6.42
Verbal 78.99 4.5
Data Insights 74.41 6.14
WHAT IS THE PRINCETON REVIEW?
The Princeton Review is a test-preparation company founded in New York
City. It has branches in more than 50 cities across the country, as well as
abroad. The Princeton Review’s techniques are unique and powerful, and
they were developed after a study of thousands of real GMAT questions.
They work because they are based on the same principles that are used in
writing the actual test. The Princeton Review’s techniques for beating the
GMAT will help you improve your scores by teaching you to:
think like the test-writers
take full advantage of the computer-adaptive algorithms upon which the
GMAT is based
find the answers to questions you don’t understand by using Process of
Elimination
avoid the traps that test-writers have set for you (and use those traps to
your advantage)
How Closely Does The Princeton Review Monitor the
GMAT?
Very closely. We regularly publish a new edition of this book to reflect the
subtle shifts that happen over time or any major changes to the GMAT. For
the latest information on the GMAT, please visit our website
PrincetonReview.com.
Is This Book Just like The Princeton Review Course?
No. You won’t have the benefit of taking 10 computer-adaptive GMATs that
are scored and analyzed by our computers. You won’t get to sit in small
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you on. You won’t get to work with our expert instructors who can assess
your strengths and pinpoint your weaknesses. There is no way to put these
things into a book.
What you will find in this book are some of the techniques and methods that
have enabled our students to crack the system—plus a review of the
essentials that you cannot afford not to know and some customized study
guides to help you allocate your time to the highest priority areas.
Two Warnings
Many of our techniques for beating the GMAT may be very different from
the way that you would naturally approach problems. Some methods may
even seem counterintuitive. Rest assured, however, that many test-takers
have used our methods to get great GMAT scores. To get the full benefit of
our techniques, you must trust them. The only way to develop this trust is to
practice the techniques and persuade yourself that they work.
Integrated Reasoning style questions are unlike Problem Solving and Data
Sufficiency questions in that they can involve interaction with the content on
your screen. For example, for many question types the answer choices are in
drop-down menus, there are tables that you may want to sort, or a question
may include multiple tabs that contain information you’ll need to solve the
problem. Needless to say, re-creating this type of interactivity is beyond the
capabilities of a book. We’ll outline how the content in this book differs from
the test for Integrated Reasoning questions when we get to that discussion.
For now, just recognize Integrated Reasoning can be a challenging question
type to put in book format.
Practice with Real Questions
One reason coaching books do not use real GMAT questions is that GMAC
won’t let them. So far, the council has refused to let anyone (including us)
license actual questions from old tests. As we mentioned above, the council
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heartily recommend that you purchase. GMAC also puts out preparation
materials called GMAT Focus Official Starter Kit, which can be downloaded
for free from www.mba.com. This kit includes two computer-adaptive tests
plus additional practice sets, all of which feature real GMAT questions. By
practicing our techniques on real GMAT items, you will be able to prove to
yourself that the techniques work and increase your confidence when you
actually take the test.
Additional Resources
In addition to the material in this book, we offer a number of other resources
to aid you during your GMAT preparation.
Register your book at PrincetonReview.com to gain access to your Student
Tools, the companion website to this book. There you will find:
3 GMAT Focus exams
Our GMAT Focus Online Drills
Business School Resources
Premium Student Tools
To gain access, follow the instructions on this page.
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By using a combination of The Princeton Review’s study materials and
published content directly from GMAC, you will be able to improve your
score on the GMAT.
The test itself is taken on a computer. It consists of the following:
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Taking the GMAT: What to Expect
This chapter will outline what to expect on and leading up to test day, the
basics of the GMAT’s layout, and how the computer-adaptive scoring
algorithm works.
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The easiest way to register for the exam is online. You can register to take the
GMAT Exam Delivered at a Test Center or the GMAT Exam Delivered
Online, which can be taken at a private location, like your home. Both
options allow you to schedule the time of the exam, so choose a timeslot that
works best with your personal preferences.
To register for the GMAT, visit the website at www.
mba.com.
The registration fee varies depending on your location and how the test is
delivered. In the United States, the fee to take the GMAT Exam Delivered at
a Test Center is $275 and $300 to take the GMAT Exam Delivered Online.
Those who schedule an exam in certain countries will incur taxes. Tax rate
information is available at www.mba.com in the GMAT registration section.
Note that checks or money orders payable in U.S. dollars must be drawn from
banks located in the United States or Canada.
Stay updated on the latest test changes through
your Student Tools or by checking the GMAT
website.
PRACTICING TO TAKE THE GMAT
As you prepare for the GMAT, it’s important to know—in advance—what
the experience of taking the test is like so that you can mimic those
conditions during practice tests. When you are taking a practice test, turn off
your telephone, and strictly observe all time limits and restrictions. To mimic
the experience of working with scratch work resources, buy a spiral notebook
filled with grid paper or a whiteboard that meets the permitted dimensions. If
you know what time you will be taking the real GMAT, try to schedule your
practice tests around the same time of day.
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experience will be like, you might even consider visiting the test center ahead
of time. This serves two purposes: first, you’ll know how to get there on the
day of the test, and second, you’ll be familiar with the ambiance in advance.
A Week Before GMAT
If you registered to take the GMAT Exam at home,
make sure your personal computer meets the
system requirements. More information is available
at www.mba.com.
The Days Before the Test
Try to keep to your regular routine. Staying up late to study the last few
nights before the test is counterproductive. It’s important to get regular
amounts of exercise and sleep. Continue the study plan you’ve been on from
the beginning, but taper off toward the end. You’ll want to take your last
practice exam no later than several days before the real test, so that you’ll
have time to go over the results carefully. The last day or so should be
devoted to any topics that still give you trouble.
The Night Before the Test
If you are taking the GMAT at a testing center, now is the time to get
together the things you will need to take with you for the test: a government-
issued ID card, directions to the test center (if you haven’t already been
there), a mental list of the five schools you wish to receive your test scores (if
you can’t identify these when you take the test, you will have to pay an
additional fee per school to get scores sent out later). Don’t bother to take a
calculator—no outside calculators are permitted on the GMAT. An onscreen
calculator is provided for the Integrated Reasoning questions in the Data
Insights section.
What to Take to the Test Center
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2. A snack
3. A bottle of water
If you are taking the GMAT at home, prepare your testing space. Get together
the items you will need with you for the exam: a government-issued ID card
and your physical whiteboard (if you are planning to use one). Remove all
prohibited items from the testing area. Use the GMAT Exam Online Pretest
Checklist on www.mba.com to ensure you have taken all the required steps to
prepare for the exam.
Once you have gathered everything you need, take the night off. Relax. There
is no point in last-minute cramming. You are as ready as you are going to be.
The Day of the Test
If you are taking the test in the morning, get up early enough so that you have
time to eat breakfast, if that is your usual routine, and do a couple of GMAT
questions you’ve already seen in order to get your mind working. If you are
taking the test in the afternoon, make sure you get some lunch, and, again, do
a few GMAT problems. You don’t want to have to warm up on the test itself.
Do Not Take Food or Drinks
As of 2023, individuals are no longer permitted to
take food or drinks into the testing center and leave
them in a locker to eat during a break.
The official GMAT language states these items are
not allowed “unless expressly pre-authorized as an
accommodation.”
AT THE TESTING CENTER
You’ll be asked to present your government-issued ID, and an employee will
take your photograph and scan your palm using a palm vein scanner. Finally,
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