Probation, Parole, and Community-Based Corrections: Supervision, Treatment, and Evidence-Based Practices (Connect, Learn, Succeed) 1st Edition Test Bank

Name: Probation, Parole, and Community-Based Corrections: Supervision, Treatment, and Evidence-Based Practices (Connect, Learn, Succeed) 1st Edition Test Bank
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Author: Claire Mitchell

Prepare for your test like a pro with Probation, Parole, and Community-Based Corrections: Supervision, Treatment, and Evidence-Based Practices (Connect, Learn, Succeed) 1st Edition Test Bank, packed with high-quality practice questions and solutions.

Claire Mitchell

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1
Student: ___________________________________________________________________________
1. Which one of the following does not belong?
A. Community corrections centralizes authority from local to state levels
B. Citizen participate in community corrections program planning, design, implementation, and
evaluation
C. Community corrections redefines the population of offenders for whom incarceration is most
appropriate.
D. Community corrections emphasizes rehabilitation through community programs.
2. Which criminal justice alliance with the community provides continuity in representation of
indigent defendants and helps them with personal and family problems?
A. community policing
B. community-based prosecution
C. community-based defender services
D. community courts
3. Which criminal justice alliance with the community says that these lawyers have a responsibility
not only to prosecute cases but to solve public safety problems?
A. community policing
B. community-based prosecution
C. community-based defender services
D. community courts
4. Which one of the following statements does not apply to evidence-based corrections (EBC)?
A. EBC has a definable outcome.
B. The outcome is measurable.
C. The outcome is defined according to practical realities.
D. Once evidence-based always evidence-based.

5. Criminal sentences that fall between standard probation and incarceration are called:
A. intermittent sanctions
B. intermediate sanctions
C. indeterminate sanctions
D. intercriminal sanctions
6. A form of community supervision with frequent contact between offenders and their supervision
officers is referred to as:
A. intermediate supervision probation (or parole)
B. indeterminate supervision probation (or parole)
C. intensive supervision probation (or parole)
D. intermittent supervision probation (or parole)
7. Non-residential community correctional centers to which an offender reports either everyday or
several times a week depending on the level of supervision and treatment required are referred to
as:
A. day reporting centers
B. residential reporting centers
C. halfway houses
D. work release centers
8. This type of home confinement requires offenders to stay in their residence during specified
hours.
A. curfew
B. home detention
C. home incarceration
D. home release
9. This type of home confinement requires offenders to stay home except for pre-approved activities
such as work, education, or medical or religious purposes.
A. curfew
B. home detention
C. home incarceration
D. home release

10. This type of home confinement requires offenders to stay home at all times with limited
exceptions such as medical or religious purposes.
A. curfew
B. home detention
C. home incarceration
D. home release
11. The periodic or continuous surveillance of an offender through electronic means such as an ankle
bracelet, voice verification, or GPS is called:
A. electric punishment
B. e-punishment
C. remote punishment
D. remote location monitoring
12. A financial sanction that compensates victims for financial, physical, or emotional loss is a:
A. reimbursement
B. restitution
C. recompense
D. recognizance
13. This intermediate sanction is sometimes called a "fine of time."
A. Community sanction
B. community supervision
C. community service
D. community servitude
14. Structured and military-like intermediate sanctions that focus on discipline, physical labor, and
education are:
A. boot camps
B. work camps
C. prison camps
D. intermediate sanction camps

15. Minimum-security residential facilities that provide convicted offenders with housing, treatment
services, and access to community resources for employment and education are:
A. non-residential intermediate sanctions
B. residential intensive treatment centers
C. non-residential community centers
D. residential community centers
16. State laws that give economic grants to local communities to establish community corrections
programs are called:
A. community corrections acts
B. community decentralized provisions
C. community intermediate sanctions
D. community intermittent sanction acts
17. The first state to adopt a CCA was:
A. Massachusetts
B. Minnesota
C. Mississippi
D. Montana
18. The theory of justice that states that everyone should get what they deserve is:
A. restorative justice
B. revenge justice
C. retributive justice
D. vengeance justice
19. The theory of justice that emphasizes repairing the harm caused by criminal behavior is:
A. restorative justice
B. revenge justice
C. retributive justice
D. vengeance justice

20. This goal of retributive justice consists of forcing the offender to suffer the same or greater pain
than that which was originally inflicted on the victim.
A. revenge
B. retribution
C. just deserts
D. deterrence
21. This goal of retributive justice claims that offenders are morally blameworthy and they must be
punished.
A. revenge
B. retribution
C. just deserts
D. deterrence
22. A theory of justice that argues that punishment serves a useful purpose because it restrains the
individual offender is:
A. individual deterrence
B. specific deterrence
C. personal deterrence
D. general deterrence
23. A theory of justice that argues that punishment serves a useful purpose because it restrains the
population as a whole is:
A. Individual deterrence
B. specific deterrence
C. personal deterrence
D. general deterrence
24. A theory of justice that argues we should restrain offenders from committing additional crimes by
isolating them is:
A. deterrence
B. revenge
C. just deserts
D. incapacitation

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25. A theory of justice that says we should alter the attitudes and behaviors of offenders and change
criminal lifestyles into law-abiding ones by using medical and psychological treatments and
social-skills training is:
A. deterrence
B. restitution
C. rehabilitation
D. compensation
26. Which one of the following is not one of the four key values to a restorative justice approach?
A. a restorative approach provides opportunities for victims, offenders and community members
who want to meet to discuss the crime and its consequences
B. a restorative approach provides opportunities for offenders to take steps to repair the harm
they have caused
C. a restorative approach provides opportunities for victims, offenders and community members
who want to meet to discuss the crime as a violation of law and give primacy to punishing
offenders
D. a restorative approach provides opportunities for victims and offenders to once again become
whole, contributing members of society
27. The number of Americans under correctional supervision is approximately:
A. 4.3 million
B. 5.3 million
C. 6.3 million
D. 7.3 million
28. Which one of the following is a key component of the Pew Center's policy framework for creating
a national agenda for community corrections?
A. impose swift and certain sanctions for violation
B. impose swift and severe sanctions for violation
C. delay pursuing violations until an offender has committed a new crime or a significant number
of technical violations, at which point return to prison is likely
D. treat all violations the same
29. The philosophy of community corrections embraces centralization of authority from local to state
levels.
True False

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30. Community policing is a strategy of hearing criminal cases in the community that are most
affected by the case and including that community in case disposition to address local problems.
True False
31. Community courts is a strategy of harnessing the power of the justice system to hearing criminal
cases in the community that are most affected by the case.
True False
32. Evidence-based practices refers to the application of social scientific techniques to the study of
everyday corrections procedures.
True False
33. The traditional approach to offender supervision in the United States has emphasized evidence-
based practices.
True False
34. In evidence-based corrections probation and parole officers rely on their personal experience and
instincts to determine the most effective interventions for their clients.
True False
35. Evidence-based practices are dismissive of scientific knowledge, training, and expertise.
True False
36. Researchers in the United States and Canada refer to evidence-based corrections as
"correctional quackery."
True False
37. Evidence-based practice is the opposite of "correctional quackery."
True False
38. Evidence-based practices do not have to be implemented like the original approach in order to
replicate their results.
True False
39. Intermittent sanctions are criminal sentences that fall between standard probation and
incarceration.
True False

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40. If a judge orders you to report to a non-residential community correctional centers either everyday
or several times a week depending on the level of supervision and treatment required, you have
been sentenced to a day reporting center.
True False
41. If the judge orders you to stay in you residence during specified hours as part of your probation,
you have been given a curfew.
True False
42. If a condition of your probation requires you to stay home except for pre-approved activities such
as work, education, or medical or religious purposes, you have been given home incarceration.
True False
43. If a condition of your parole requires you to stay home at all times with limited exceptions such as
medical or religious purposes, you are on home detention.
True False
44. If a condition of your community supervision requires you to wear an ankle bracelet, you are
under remote location monitoring.
True False
45. "Fines" and "restitution" mean the same thing.
True False
46. Fines are financial sanctions paid to the court; restitution may be made through the court, but
goes to the victim.
True False
47. Community service is sometimes called a "fine of time."
True False
48. If the judge sentences an offender to a structured and military-like punishment that focuses on
discipline, physical labor, and education, the offender has been sentenced to a boot camp.
True False
49. Work release centers are a type of residential community centers.
True False

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50. Drug courts are more punitive than regular courts.
True False
51. Only convicted offenders are given intermediate sanctions.
True False
52. Offenders under jail supervision are not given intermediate sanctions.
True False
53. Community corrections acts give economic grants to states to establish community corrections
programs.
True False
54. CCAs transfer some state functions to local communities.
True False
55. The goal of CCAs in most states is to divert certain prison-bound offenders into local-, city-, or
county-level programs.
True False
56. The first state to adopt a CCA was Minnesota.
True False
57. The majority of Minnesota's offenders are sentenced to prison.
True False
58. Retributive justice is a theory of justice that states that everyone should get what they deserve.
True False
59. Retributive justice is a theory of justice that emphasizes repairing the harm caused by criminal
behavior.
True False
60. The goal of revenge usually consists of forcing the offender to suffer the same or greater pain
than that which was originally inflicted on the victim.
True False

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61. Just deserts claims that offenders are morally blameworthy and they must be punished.
True False
62. Specific deterrence is a theory of justice that argues that punishment serves a useful purpose
because it restrains the population as a whole.
True False
63. Specific deterrence is a theory of justice that argues that punishment serves a useful purpose
because it restrains the individual offender.
True False
64. Incapacitation is a theory of justice that argues that we should restrain offenders from committing
additional crimes by isolating them.
True False
65. Restitution is a structured effort to alter the attitudes and behaviors of offenders and change
criminal lifestyles into law-abiding ones by using medical and psychological treatments and
social-skills training.
True False
66. Retributive justice goals define crime as a violation of law and give primacy to punishing
offenders.
True False
67. Retributive justice focuses on allowing offenders to make amends to their victims.
True False
68. There are approximately 4.3 million Americans under correctional supervision.
True False
69. The Pew Center's policy document on creating a national agenda for community corrections
advocates separating offenders who are more likely to cause great harm from those who may
cause relatively little harm.
True False
70. ____________________ is a philosophy of correctional treatment that embraces decentralization
of authority, citizen participation, redefinition of the population of offenders for whom incarceration
is most appropriate, and emphasis on rehabilitation.
________________________________________

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71. ____________________ is a law enforcement strategy to get residents involved in making their
neighborhoods safer by focusing on crime prevention.
________________________________________
72. ____________________ is a strategy founded on the idea that prosecutors have a responsibility
not only to prosecute cases but to solve public safety problems.
________________________________________
73. ____________________ is a strategy that provides continuity in representation of indigent
defendants and helps them with personal and family problems that can lead to legal troubles.
________________________________________
74. ____________________ is a strategy of hearing criminal cases in the community that are most
affected by the case and including that community in case disposition to address local problems.
________________________________________
75. ____________________ refers to the application of social scientific techniques to the study of
everyday corrections procedures.
________________________________________
76. The ____________________ approach to offender supervision in the United States emphasized
individual accountability from offenders, and probation and parole officers were expected to rely
on their personal experience and instincts to determine the most effective interventions for their
clients.
________________________________________
77. ____________________ are criminal sentences that fall between standard probation and
incarceration.
________________________________________
78. ____________________ are non-residential community correctional centers to which an offender
reports either everyday or several times a week depending on the level of supervision and
treatment required.
________________________________________
79. ____________________ requires offenders to stay in their residence during specified hours.
________________________________________

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80. ____________________ requires an offender to stay home except for pre-approved activities
such as work, education, or medical or religious purposes.
________________________________________
81. ____________________ requires offenders to stay home at all times with limited exceptions such
as medical or religious purposes.
________________________________________
82. The periodic or continuous surveillance of an offender through electronic means such as an ankle
bracelet, voice verification, or GPS is called ___________________.
________________________________________
83. A financial sanction that requires an offender to pay a specified amount of money to the court is a
___________________.
________________________________________
84. Whereas fines paid by offenders go to the court, ____________________ goes to victims for
damages.
________________________________________
85. ____________________ is sometimes called a "fine of time."
________________________________________
86. Structured and military-like intermediate sanctions that focus on discipline, physical labor, and
education are ___________________.
________________________________________
87. Minimum-security residential facilities that provide convicted offenders with housing, treatment
services, and access to community resources for employment and education are called
___________________.
________________________________________
88. ____________________ uses the power of the court to treat, sanction, and reward drug-addicted
offenders with punishment more restrictive than regular probation but less severe than
incarceration.
________________________________________

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89. ____________________ are state laws that give economic grants to local communities to
establish community corrections programs.
________________________________________
90. The first state to adopt a CCA was ___________________.
________________________________________
91. A theory of justice that states that everyone should get what they deserve is
___________________.
________________________________________
92. A theory of justice that emphasizes repairing the harm caused by criminal behavior is
___________________.
________________________________________
93. A theory of justice that claims that offenders are morally blameworthy and they must be punished
is ___________________.
________________________________________
94. A theory of justice that claims that the offender should suffer the same or greater pain than that
which was originally inflicted on the victim is ___________________.
________________________________________
95. A theory of justice that argues that punishment serves a useful purpose because it restrains the
individual offender is ___________________.
________________________________________
96. A theory of justice that argues that punishment serves a useful purpose because it restrains the
population as a whole is ___________________.
________________________________________
97. A theory of justice that argues we should restrain offenders from committing additional crimes by
isolating them is ___________________.
________________________________________
98. A theory of justice that says we should alter the attitudes and behaviors of offenders and change
criminal lifestyles into law-abiding ones by using medical and psychological treatments and
social-skills training is ___________________.
________________________________________

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99. The number of Americans under correctional supervision is approximately
___________________.
________________________________________
100.The Pew Center together with leading policy makers, correctional practitioners, and researchers
drafted the document Policy Framework to Strengthen Community Corrections to help create a
national agenda for a stronger and more effective system of community-based corrections. The
document details six key components. Name one. ___________________.
________________________________________

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1 Key
1. Which one of the following does not belong?
A. Community corrections centralizes authority from local to state levels
B. Citizen participate in community corrections program planning, design, implementation, and
evaluation
C. Community corrections redefines the population of offenders for whom incarceration is most
appropriate.
D. Community corrections emphasizes rehabilitation through community programs.
Bayens - Chapter 01 #1
2. Which criminal justice alliance with the community provides continuity in representation of
indigent defendants and helps them with personal and family problems?
A. community policing
B. community-based prosecution
C. community-based defender services
D. community courts
Bayens - Chapter 01 #2
3. Which criminal justice alliance with the community says that these lawyers have a
responsibility not only to prosecute cases but to solve public safety problems?
A. community policing
B. community-based prosecution
C. community-based defender services
D. community courts
Bayens - Chapter 01 #3
4. Which one of the following statements does not apply to evidence-based corrections (EBC)?
A. EBC has a definable outcome.
B. The outcome is measurable.
C. The outcome is defined according to practical realities.
D. Once evidence-based always evidence-based.
Bayens - Chapter 01 #4

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Probation, Parole, and Community-Based Corrections: Supervision, Treatment, and Evidence-Based Practices (Connect, Learn, Succeed) 1st Edition Test Bank

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