Saunders Comprehensive Review for the NCLEX-RN® Examination, 8th Edition (2019)
Learn faster with Saunders Comprehensive Review for the NCLEX-RN® Examination, 8th Edition (2019), featuring key study points for certification.
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Saunders Comprehensive Review for the
NCLEX-RN® Examination
EIGHTH EDITION
Linda Anne Silvestri, PhD, RN
Instructor of Nursing, Salve Regina University, Newport, Rhode Island
Part-Time Instructor, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, Las Vegas, Nevada
President, Nursing Reviews, Inc. and Professional Nursing Seminars, Inc., Henderson,
Nevada
Elsevier Consultant, HESI NCLEX-RN® and NCLEX-PN® Live Review Courses
Angela E. Silvestri, PhD, APRN, FNP-BC,
CNE
Assistant Professor & BSN Program Director, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, Las Vegas,
Nevada
Registered Nurse, Henderson Hospital Medical Center, Henderson, Nevada
Consultant, Nursing Reviews, Inc., Henderson, Nevada
Associate Editor
Katherine M. Silvestri, BSN, RN
Consultant, Nursing Reviews, Inc., Henderson, Nevada
2
NCLEX-RN® Examination
EIGHTH EDITION
Linda Anne Silvestri, PhD, RN
Instructor of Nursing, Salve Regina University, Newport, Rhode Island
Part-Time Instructor, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, Las Vegas, Nevada
President, Nursing Reviews, Inc. and Professional Nursing Seminars, Inc., Henderson,
Nevada
Elsevier Consultant, HESI NCLEX-RN® and NCLEX-PN® Live Review Courses
Angela E. Silvestri, PhD, APRN, FNP-BC,
CNE
Assistant Professor & BSN Program Director, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, Las Vegas,
Nevada
Registered Nurse, Henderson Hospital Medical Center, Henderson, Nevada
Consultant, Nursing Reviews, Inc., Henderson, Nevada
Associate Editor
Katherine M. Silvestri, BSN, RN
Consultant, Nursing Reviews, Inc., Henderson, Nevada
2
Table of Contents
Instructions for online access
Cover image
Title page
Copyright
Dedication
Letter from the Authors
About the Authors
Contributors
Reviewers
Contributors to Previous Edition
Preface
Welcome to Saunders Pyramid to Success!
Organization
Special Features of the Book
Special Features Found on Evolve
Practice Questions
Pharmacology and Medication Calculations Review
3
Instructions for online access
Cover image
Title page
Copyright
Dedication
Letter from the Authors
About the Authors
Contributors
Reviewers
Contributors to Previous Edition
Preface
Welcome to Saunders Pyramid to Success!
Organization
Special Features of the Book
Special Features Found on Evolve
Practice Questions
Pharmacology and Medication Calculations Review
3
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Next Generation NCLEX (NGN) Questions
How to Use This Book
Climbing the Pyramid to Success
Acknowledgments
A Few Words From Linda
A Few Words From Angela
A Few Words From Both Linda and Angela
Unit I: NCLEX-RN® Exam Preparation
Chapter 1: The NCLEX-RN® Examination
The Pyramid to Success
Examination Process
Computer Adaptive Testing
Development of the Test Plan
Test Plan
Types of Questions on the Examination
Next Generation NCLEX (NGN) Item Types
Registering to Take the Examination
Authorization to Test Form and Scheduling an Appointment
Changing Your Appointment
Day of the Examination
Testing Accommodations
Testing Center
Testing Time
Length of the Examination
Pass-or-Fail Decisions
4
How to Use This Book
Climbing the Pyramid to Success
Acknowledgments
A Few Words From Linda
A Few Words From Angela
A Few Words From Both Linda and Angela
Unit I: NCLEX-RN® Exam Preparation
Chapter 1: The NCLEX-RN® Examination
The Pyramid to Success
Examination Process
Computer Adaptive Testing
Development of the Test Plan
Test Plan
Types of Questions on the Examination
Next Generation NCLEX (NGN) Item Types
Registering to Take the Examination
Authorization to Test Form and Scheduling an Appointment
Changing Your Appointment
Day of the Examination
Testing Accommodations
Testing Center
Testing Time
Length of the Examination
Pass-or-Fail Decisions
4
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Completing the Examination
Processing Results
Candidate Performance Report
Interstate Endorsement and Nurse Licensure Compact
The Foreign-Educated Nurse
Chapter 2: Pathways to Success
The Pyramid to Success
Pathways to Success (Box 2-1)
This Is Not a Test
Chapter 3: The NCLEX-RN® Examination: From a Graduate’s Perspective
Chapter 4: Test-Taking Strategies
Unit II: Professional Standards in Nursing
Introduction
Pyramid to Success
Client Needs: Learning Objectives
Chapter 5: Care of Special Populations
Practice Questions
Answers
Chapter 6: Ethical and Legal Issues
Practice Questions
Answers
Chapter 7: Prioritizing Client Care: Leadership, Delegation, and Emergency
5
Processing Results
Candidate Performance Report
Interstate Endorsement and Nurse Licensure Compact
The Foreign-Educated Nurse
Chapter 2: Pathways to Success
The Pyramid to Success
Pathways to Success (Box 2-1)
This Is Not a Test
Chapter 3: The NCLEX-RN® Examination: From a Graduate’s Perspective
Chapter 4: Test-Taking Strategies
Unit II: Professional Standards in Nursing
Introduction
Pyramid to Success
Client Needs: Learning Objectives
Chapter 5: Care of Special Populations
Practice Questions
Answers
Chapter 6: Ethical and Legal Issues
Practice Questions
Answers
Chapter 7: Prioritizing Client Care: Leadership, Delegation, and Emergency
5
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Response Planning
Practice Questions
Answers
Unit III: Foundations of Care
Introduction
Pyramid to Success
Client Needs: Learning Objectives
Chapter 8: Fluids and Electrolytes
Practice Questions
Answers
Chapter 9: Acid-Base Balance
Practice Questions
Answers
Chapter 10: Vital Signs and Laboratory Reference Intervals
Practice Questions
Answers
Chapter 11: Nutrition
Practice Questions
Answers
Chapter 12: Health and Physical Assessment of the Adult Client
Practice Questions
Answers
6
Practice Questions
Answers
Unit III: Foundations of Care
Introduction
Pyramid to Success
Client Needs: Learning Objectives
Chapter 8: Fluids and Electrolytes
Practice Questions
Answers
Chapter 9: Acid-Base Balance
Practice Questions
Answers
Chapter 10: Vital Signs and Laboratory Reference Intervals
Practice Questions
Answers
Chapter 11: Nutrition
Practice Questions
Answers
Chapter 12: Health and Physical Assessment of the Adult Client
Practice Questions
Answers
6
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Chapter 13: Provision of a Safe Environment
Practice Questions
Answers
Chapter 14: Calculation of Medication and Intravenous Prescriptions
Practice Questions
Answers
Chapter 15: Perioperative Nursing Care
Practice Questions
Answers
Chapter 16: Positioning Clients
Practice Questions
Answers
Unit IV: Growth and Development Across the Life Span
Introduction
Pyramid to Success
Client Needs: Learning Objectives
Chapter 17: Theories of Growth and Development
Practice Questions
Answers
Chapter 18: Growth, Development, and Stages of Life
Practice Questions
Answers
7
Practice Questions
Answers
Chapter 14: Calculation of Medication and Intravenous Prescriptions
Practice Questions
Answers
Chapter 15: Perioperative Nursing Care
Practice Questions
Answers
Chapter 16: Positioning Clients
Practice Questions
Answers
Unit IV: Growth and Development Across the Life Span
Introduction
Pyramid to Success
Client Needs: Learning Objectives
Chapter 17: Theories of Growth and Development
Practice Questions
Answers
Chapter 18: Growth, Development, and Stages of Life
Practice Questions
Answers
7
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Chapter 19: Care of the Older Client
Practice Questions
Answers
Unit V: Maternity Nursing
Introduction
Pyramid to Success
Client Needs: Learning Objectives
Chapter 20: Reproductive System
Practice Questions
Answers
Chapter 21: Prenatal Period
Practice Questions
Answers
Chapter 22: Risk Conditions Related to Pregnancy
Practice Questions
Answers
Chapter 23: Labor and Birth
Practice Questions
Answers
Chapter 24: Problems with Labor and Birth
Practice Questions
Answers
8
Practice Questions
Answers
Unit V: Maternity Nursing
Introduction
Pyramid to Success
Client Needs: Learning Objectives
Chapter 20: Reproductive System
Practice Questions
Answers
Chapter 21: Prenatal Period
Practice Questions
Answers
Chapter 22: Risk Conditions Related to Pregnancy
Practice Questions
Answers
Chapter 23: Labor and Birth
Practice Questions
Answers
Chapter 24: Problems with Labor and Birth
Practice Questions
Answers
8
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Chapter 25: Postpartum Period
Practice Questions
Answers
Chapter 26: Postpartum Complications
Practice Questions
Answers
Chapter 27: Care of the Newborn
Practice Questions
Answers
Chapter 28: Maternity and Newborn Medications
Practice Questions
Answers
Unit VI: Pediatric Nursing
Introduction
Pyramid to Success
Client Needs: Learning Objectives
Chapter 29: Integumentary Problems
Practice Questions
Answers
Chapter 30: Hematological Problems
Practice Questions
Answers
9
Practice Questions
Answers
Chapter 26: Postpartum Complications
Practice Questions
Answers
Chapter 27: Care of the Newborn
Practice Questions
Answers
Chapter 28: Maternity and Newborn Medications
Practice Questions
Answers
Unit VI: Pediatric Nursing
Introduction
Pyramid to Success
Client Needs: Learning Objectives
Chapter 29: Integumentary Problems
Practice Questions
Answers
Chapter 30: Hematological Problems
Practice Questions
Answers
9
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Chapter 31: Oncological Problems
Practice Questions
Answers
Chapter 32: Metabolic and Endocrine Problems
Practice Questions
Answers
Chapter 33: Gastrointestinal Problems
Practice Questions
Answers
Chapter 34: Eye, Ear, and Throat Problems
Practice Questions
Answers
Chapter 35: Respiratory Problems
Practice Questions
Answers
Chapter 36: Cardiovascular Problems
Practice Questions
Answers
Chapter 37: Renal and Genitourinary Problems
Practice Questions
Answers
Chapter 38: Neurological and Cognitive Problems
Practice Questions
10
Practice Questions
Answers
Chapter 32: Metabolic and Endocrine Problems
Practice Questions
Answers
Chapter 33: Gastrointestinal Problems
Practice Questions
Answers
Chapter 34: Eye, Ear, and Throat Problems
Practice Questions
Answers
Chapter 35: Respiratory Problems
Practice Questions
Answers
Chapter 36: Cardiovascular Problems
Practice Questions
Answers
Chapter 37: Renal and Genitourinary Problems
Practice Questions
Answers
Chapter 38: Neurological and Cognitive Problems
Practice Questions
10
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Answers
Chapter 39: Musculoskeletal Problems
Practice Questions
Answers
Chapter 40: Immune Problems and Infectious Diseases
Practice Questions
Answers
Chapter 41: Pediatric Medication Administration and Calculations
Practice Questions
Answers
Unit VII: Integumentary Problems of the Adult Client
Introduction
Pyramid to Success
Client Needs: Learning Objectives
Chapter 42: Integumentary Problems
Practice Questions
Answers
Chapter 43: Integumentary Medications
Practice Questions
Answers
Unit VIII: Oncological and Hematological Problems of the
Adult Client
11
Chapter 39: Musculoskeletal Problems
Practice Questions
Answers
Chapter 40: Immune Problems and Infectious Diseases
Practice Questions
Answers
Chapter 41: Pediatric Medication Administration and Calculations
Practice Questions
Answers
Unit VII: Integumentary Problems of the Adult Client
Introduction
Pyramid to Success
Client Needs: Learning Objectives
Chapter 42: Integumentary Problems
Practice Questions
Answers
Chapter 43: Integumentary Medications
Practice Questions
Answers
Unit VIII: Oncological and Hematological Problems of the
Adult Client
11
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Introduction
Pyramid to Success
Client Needs: Learning Objectives
Chapter 44: Oncological and Hematological Problems
Practice Questions
Answers
Chapter 45: Oncological and Hematological Medications
Practice Questions
Answers
Unit IX: Endocrine Problems of the Adult Client
Introduction
Pyramid to Success
Client Needs: Learning Objectives
Chapter 46: Endocrine Problems
Practice Questions
Answers
Chapter 47: Endocrine Medications
Practice Questions
Answers
Unit X: Gastrointestinal Problems of the Adult Client
12
Pyramid to Success
Client Needs: Learning Objectives
Chapter 44: Oncological and Hematological Problems
Practice Questions
Answers
Chapter 45: Oncological and Hematological Medications
Practice Questions
Answers
Unit IX: Endocrine Problems of the Adult Client
Introduction
Pyramid to Success
Client Needs: Learning Objectives
Chapter 46: Endocrine Problems
Practice Questions
Answers
Chapter 47: Endocrine Medications
Practice Questions
Answers
Unit X: Gastrointestinal Problems of the Adult Client
12
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Introduction
Pyramid to Success
Client Needs: Learning Objectives
Chapter 48: Gastrointestinal Problems
Practice Questions
Answers
Chapter 49: Gastrointestinal Medications
Practice Questions
Answers
Unit XI: Respiratory Problems of the Adult Client
Introduction
Pyramid to Success
Client Needs: Learning Objectives
Chapter 50: Respiratory Problems
Practice Questions
Answers
Chapter 51: Respiratory Medications
Practice Questions
Answers
Unit XII: Cardiovascular Problems of the Adult Client
13
Pyramid to Success
Client Needs: Learning Objectives
Chapter 48: Gastrointestinal Problems
Practice Questions
Answers
Chapter 49: Gastrointestinal Medications
Practice Questions
Answers
Unit XI: Respiratory Problems of the Adult Client
Introduction
Pyramid to Success
Client Needs: Learning Objectives
Chapter 50: Respiratory Problems
Practice Questions
Answers
Chapter 51: Respiratory Medications
Practice Questions
Answers
Unit XII: Cardiovascular Problems of the Adult Client
13
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Introduction
Pyramid to Success
Client Needs: Learning Objectives
Chapter 52: Cardiovascular Problems
Practice Questions
Answers
Chapter 53: Cardiovascular Medications
Practice Questions
Answers
Unit XIII: Renal and Urinary Problems of the Adult Client
Introduction
Pyramid to Success
Client Needs: Learning Objectives
Chapter 54: Renal and Urinary Problems
Practice Questions
Answers
Chapter 55: Renal and Urinary Medications
Practice Questions
Answers
Unit XIV: Eye and Ear Problems of the Adult Client
14
Pyramid to Success
Client Needs: Learning Objectives
Chapter 52: Cardiovascular Problems
Practice Questions
Answers
Chapter 53: Cardiovascular Medications
Practice Questions
Answers
Unit XIII: Renal and Urinary Problems of the Adult Client
Introduction
Pyramid to Success
Client Needs: Learning Objectives
Chapter 54: Renal and Urinary Problems
Practice Questions
Answers
Chapter 55: Renal and Urinary Medications
Practice Questions
Answers
Unit XIV: Eye and Ear Problems of the Adult Client
14
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Introduction
Pyramid to Success
Client Needs: Learning Objectives
Chapter 56: Eye and Ear Problems
Practice Questions
Answers
Chapter 57: Eye and Ear Medications
Practice Questions
Answers
Unit XV: Neurological Problems of the Adult Client
Introduction
Pyramid to Success
Client Needs: Learning Objectives
Chapter 58: Neurological Problems
Practice Questions
Answers
Chapter 59: Neurological Medications
Practice Questions
Answers
Unit XVI: Musculoskeletal Problems of the Adult Client
15
Pyramid to Success
Client Needs: Learning Objectives
Chapter 56: Eye and Ear Problems
Practice Questions
Answers
Chapter 57: Eye and Ear Medications
Practice Questions
Answers
Unit XV: Neurological Problems of the Adult Client
Introduction
Pyramid to Success
Client Needs: Learning Objectives
Chapter 58: Neurological Problems
Practice Questions
Answers
Chapter 59: Neurological Medications
Practice Questions
Answers
Unit XVI: Musculoskeletal Problems of the Adult Client
15
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Introduction
Pyramid to Success
Client Needs: Learning Objectives
Chapter 60: Musculoskeletal Problems
Practice Questions
Answers
Chapter 61: Musculoskeletal Medications
Practice Questions
Answers
Unit XVII: Immune Problems of the Adult Client
Introduction
Pyramid to Success
Client Needs: Learning Objectives
Chapter 62: Immune Problems
Practice Questions
Answers
Chapter 63: Immune Medications
Practice Questions
Answers
Unit XVIII: Mental Health Problems of the Adult Client
16
Pyramid to Success
Client Needs: Learning Objectives
Chapter 60: Musculoskeletal Problems
Practice Questions
Answers
Chapter 61: Musculoskeletal Medications
Practice Questions
Answers
Unit XVII: Immune Problems of the Adult Client
Introduction
Pyramid to Success
Client Needs: Learning Objectives
Chapter 62: Immune Problems
Practice Questions
Answers
Chapter 63: Immune Medications
Practice Questions
Answers
Unit XVIII: Mental Health Problems of the Adult Client
16
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Introduction
Pyramid to Success
Client Needs: Learning Objectives
Chapter 64: Foundations of Mental Health Nursing
Practice Questions
Answers
Chapter 65: Mental Health Problems
Practice Questions
Answers
Chapter 66: Addictions
Practice Questions
Answers
Chapter 67: Crisis Theory and Intervention
Practice Questions
Answers
Chapter 68: Psychiatric Medications
Practice Questions
Answers
Unit XIX: Complex Care
Introduction
Pyramid to Success
17
Pyramid to Success
Client Needs: Learning Objectives
Chapter 64: Foundations of Mental Health Nursing
Practice Questions
Answers
Chapter 65: Mental Health Problems
Practice Questions
Answers
Chapter 66: Addictions
Practice Questions
Answers
Chapter 67: Crisis Theory and Intervention
Practice Questions
Answers
Chapter 68: Psychiatric Medications
Practice Questions
Answers
Unit XIX: Complex Care
Introduction
Pyramid to Success
17
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Client Needs: Learning Objectives
Chapter 69: Complex Care
Practice Questions
Answers
Unit XX: Comprehensive Test
Introduction
Practice Questions
Answers
References
Index
Last Page
United States (U.S.) Top 100 Prescription Medications (by Generic Name)
18
Chapter 69: Complex Care
Practice Questions
Answers
Unit XX: Comprehensive Test
Introduction
Practice Questions
Answers
References
Index
Last Page
United States (U.S.) Top 100 Prescription Medications (by Generic Name)
18
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Copyright
Elsevier
3251 Riverport Lane
St. Louis, Missouri 63043
SAUNDERS COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW FOR THE NCLEX-RN® EXAMINATION
EIGHTH EDITION
ISBN: 978-0-323-35841-5
Copyright © 2020 by Elsevier, Inc. All rights reserved.
No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any
means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or any
information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the
publisher. Details on how to seek permission, further information about the
Publisher’s permissions policies and our arrangements with organizations such as
the Copyright Clearance Center and the Copyright Licensing Agency, can be found
at our website: www.elsevier.com/permissions.
This book and the individual contributions contained in it are protected under
copyright by the Publisher (other than as may be noted herein).
Notice
Practitioners and researchers must always rely on their own experience and
knowledge in evaluating and using any information, methods, compounds or
experiments described herein. Because of rapid advances in the medical sciences, in
particular, independent verification of diagnoses and drug dosages should be made.
To the fullest extent of the law, no responsibility is assumed by Elsevier, authors,
editors or contributors for any injury and/or damage to persons or property as a
matter of products liability, negligence or otherwise, or from any use or operation of
any methods, products, instructions, or ideas contained in the material herein.
NCLEX®, NCLEX-RN®, and NCLEX-PN® are registered trademarks of the National
Council of State Boards of Nursing, Inc.
Previous editions copyrighted 2017, 2014, 2012, and 2009.
Library of Congress Control Number: 2019946366
Senior Content Strategist: Jamie Blum
Senior Content Development Specialist: Laura Goodrich
19
Elsevier
3251 Riverport Lane
St. Louis, Missouri 63043
SAUNDERS COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW FOR THE NCLEX-RN® EXAMINATION
EIGHTH EDITION
ISBN: 978-0-323-35841-5
Copyright © 2020 by Elsevier, Inc. All rights reserved.
No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any
means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or any
information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the
publisher. Details on how to seek permission, further information about the
Publisher’s permissions policies and our arrangements with organizations such as
the Copyright Clearance Center and the Copyright Licensing Agency, can be found
at our website: www.elsevier.com/permissions.
This book and the individual contributions contained in it are protected under
copyright by the Publisher (other than as may be noted herein).
Notice
Practitioners and researchers must always rely on their own experience and
knowledge in evaluating and using any information, methods, compounds or
experiments described herein. Because of rapid advances in the medical sciences, in
particular, independent verification of diagnoses and drug dosages should be made.
To the fullest extent of the law, no responsibility is assumed by Elsevier, authors,
editors or contributors for any injury and/or damage to persons or property as a
matter of products liability, negligence or otherwise, or from any use or operation of
any methods, products, instructions, or ideas contained in the material herein.
NCLEX®, NCLEX-RN®, and NCLEX-PN® are registered trademarks of the National
Council of State Boards of Nursing, Inc.
Previous editions copyrighted 2017, 2014, 2012, and 2009.
Library of Congress Control Number: 2019946366
Senior Content Strategist: Jamie Blum
Senior Content Development Specialist: Laura Goodrich
19
Loading page 20...
Publishing Services Manager: Julie Eddy
Senior Project Manager: Cindy Thoms
Senior Book Designer: Amy Buxton
Printed in Canada
Last digit is the print number: 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
20
Senior Project Manager: Cindy Thoms
Senior Book Designer: Amy Buxton
Printed in Canada
Last digit is the print number: 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
20
Loading page 21...
Dedication
In loving memory of my parents—
To my mother, Frances Mary, and my father, Arnold Lawrence, who taught
me to always love, care, and be the best that I could be. My memories of their
love, support, and words of encouragement will remain in my heart forever!
Linda Anne Silvestri
To my parents, Mary Elizabeth and Lawrence Peter, who have instilled in me
the values of working hard and being selfless, and who have been my support
system as I pursue my professional goals and life aspirations. My success thus
far would not have been possible without them. From the bottom of my heart,
thank you, Mom & Dad!
Angela E. Silvestri
21
In loving memory of my parents—
To my mother, Frances Mary, and my father, Arnold Lawrence, who taught
me to always love, care, and be the best that I could be. My memories of their
love, support, and words of encouragement will remain in my heart forever!
Linda Anne Silvestri
To my parents, Mary Elizabeth and Lawrence Peter, who have instilled in me
the values of working hard and being selfless, and who have been my support
system as I pursue my professional goals and life aspirations. My success thus
far would not have been possible without them. From the bottom of my heart,
thank you, Mom & Dad!
Angela E. Silvestri
21
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Letter from the Authors
To All Future Registered Nurses,
Congratulations to you!
You should be very proud and pleased with yourself on your most recent well-
deserved accomplishment of completing your nursing program to become a
registered nurse. We know that you have worked very hard to become successful
and that you have proven to yourself that indeed you can achieve your goals.
In our opinion, you are about to enter the most wonderful and rewarding
profession that exists. Your willingness, desire, and ability to assist those who need
nursing care will bring great satisfaction to your life. In the profession of nursing,
your learning will be a lifelong process. This aspect of the profession makes it
stimulating and dynamic. Your learning process will continue to expand and grow
as the profession continues to evolve. Your next very important endeavor will be the
learning process involved to achieve success in your examination to become a
registered nurse.
We are excited and pleased to be able to provide you with the Saunders Pyramid to
Success products, which will help you prepare for your next important professional
goal, becoming a registered nurse. We want to thank all of our former and current
nursing students whom we have assisted in their studies for the NCLEX-RN®
examination for their willingness to offer ideas regarding their needs in preparing
for licensure. Student ideas have certainly added a special uniqueness to all of the
products available in the Saunders Pyramid to Success.
Saunders Pyramid to Success products provide you with everything that you need
to ready yourself for the NCLEX-RN examination. These products include material
that is required for the NCLEX-RN examination for all nursing students regardless
of educational background, specific strengths, areas in need of improvement, or
clinical experience during the nursing program.
So let’s get started and begin our journey through the Saunders Pyramid to Success,
and welcome to the wonderful profession of nursing!
Sincerely,
Dr. Linda Anne Silvestri and Dr. Angela E. Silvestri
22
To All Future Registered Nurses,
Congratulations to you!
You should be very proud and pleased with yourself on your most recent well-
deserved accomplishment of completing your nursing program to become a
registered nurse. We know that you have worked very hard to become successful
and that you have proven to yourself that indeed you can achieve your goals.
In our opinion, you are about to enter the most wonderful and rewarding
profession that exists. Your willingness, desire, and ability to assist those who need
nursing care will bring great satisfaction to your life. In the profession of nursing,
your learning will be a lifelong process. This aspect of the profession makes it
stimulating and dynamic. Your learning process will continue to expand and grow
as the profession continues to evolve. Your next very important endeavor will be the
learning process involved to achieve success in your examination to become a
registered nurse.
We are excited and pleased to be able to provide you with the Saunders Pyramid to
Success products, which will help you prepare for your next important professional
goal, becoming a registered nurse. We want to thank all of our former and current
nursing students whom we have assisted in their studies for the NCLEX-RN®
examination for their willingness to offer ideas regarding their needs in preparing
for licensure. Student ideas have certainly added a special uniqueness to all of the
products available in the Saunders Pyramid to Success.
Saunders Pyramid to Success products provide you with everything that you need
to ready yourself for the NCLEX-RN examination. These products include material
that is required for the NCLEX-RN examination for all nursing students regardless
of educational background, specific strengths, areas in need of improvement, or
clinical experience during the nursing program.
So let’s get started and begin our journey through the Saunders Pyramid to Success,
and welcome to the wonderful profession of nursing!
Sincerely,
Dr. Linda Anne Silvestri and Dr. Angela E. Silvestri
22
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About the Authors
Linda Anne Silvestri, PhD, RN
(Photo by Laurent W. Valliere.)
As a child, I always dreamed of becoming either a nurse or a teacher. Initially I
chose to become a nurse because I really wanted to help others, especially those who
were ill. Then I realized that both of my dreams could come true; I could be both a
nurse and a teacher. So I pursued my dreams.
I received my diploma in nursing at Cooley Dickinson Hospital School of Nursing
in Northampton, Massachusetts. Afterward, I worked at Baystate Medical Center in
Springfield, Massachusetts, where I cared for clients in acute medical-surgical units,
the intensive care unit, the emergency department, pediatric units, and other acute
care units. Later I received an associate degree from Holyoke Community College in
Holyoke, Massachusetts; my BSN from American International College in
23
Linda Anne Silvestri, PhD, RN
(Photo by Laurent W. Valliere.)
As a child, I always dreamed of becoming either a nurse or a teacher. Initially I
chose to become a nurse because I really wanted to help others, especially those who
were ill. Then I realized that both of my dreams could come true; I could be both a
nurse and a teacher. So I pursued my dreams.
I received my diploma in nursing at Cooley Dickinson Hospital School of Nursing
in Northampton, Massachusetts. Afterward, I worked at Baystate Medical Center in
Springfield, Massachusetts, where I cared for clients in acute medical-surgical units,
the intensive care unit, the emergency department, pediatric units, and other acute
care units. Later I received an associate degree from Holyoke Community College in
Holyoke, Massachusetts; my BSN from American International College in
23
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Springfield, Massachusetts; and my MSN from Anna Maria College in Paxton,
Massachusetts, with a dual major in Nursing Management and Patient Education. I
received my PhD in Nursing from the University of Nevada, Las Vegas, and
conducted research on self-efficacy and the predictors of NCLEX® success. I am also
a member of the Honor Society of Nursing, Sigma Theta Tau International, Phi
Kappa Phi, the American Nurses Association, the National League for Nursing, the
Western Institute of Nursing, the Eastern Nursing Research Society, and the Golden
Key International Honour Society. In addition, I received the 2012 Alumna of the
Year/Nurse of the Year Award from the University of Nevada, Las Vegas, School of
Nursing. I was selected for Fellowship in the American Academy of Nursing and
will be inducted in October, 2019.
As a native of Springfield, Massachusetts, I began my teaching career as an
instructor of medical-surgical nursing and leadership-management nursing in 1981
at Baystate Medical Center School of Nursing. In 1989, I relocated to Rhode Island
and began teaching advanced medical-surgical nursing and mental health nursing to
RN and LPN students at the Community College of Rhode Island. While teaching
there, a group of students approached me for assistance in preparing for the NCLEX
examination. I have always had a very special interest in test success for nursing
students because of my own personal experiences with testing. Taking tests was
never easy for me, and as a student I needed to find methods and strategies that
would bring success. My own difficult experiences, desire, and dedication to assist
nursing students to overcome the obstacles associated with testing inspired me to
develop and write the many products that would foster success with testing. My
experiences as a student, nursing educator, and item writer for the NCLEX
examinations aided me as I developed a comprehensive review course to prepare
nursing graduates for the NCLEX examination.
Later, in 1994, I began teaching medical-surgical nursing at Salve Regina
University in Newport, Rhode Island, and I remain there as an adjunct faculty
member preparing senior nursing students for the NCLEX-RN examination. Also, I
am currently a part-time instructor at the University of Nevada, Las Vegas.
I established Professional Nursing Seminars, Inc. in 1991 and Nursing Reviews,
Inc. in 2000. These companies are located in Henderson, Nevada. Both companies are
dedicated to helping nursing graduates achieve their goals of becoming registered
nurses, licensed practical/vocational nurses, or both.
Today, I am the successful author of numerous review products. Also, I serve as
an Elsevier consultant for HESI Live Reviews, the review courses for the NCLEX
examinations conducted throughout the country. I am so pleased that you have
decided to join me on your journey to success in testing for nursing examinations
and for the NCLEX-RN examination!
24
Massachusetts, with a dual major in Nursing Management and Patient Education. I
received my PhD in Nursing from the University of Nevada, Las Vegas, and
conducted research on self-efficacy and the predictors of NCLEX® success. I am also
a member of the Honor Society of Nursing, Sigma Theta Tau International, Phi
Kappa Phi, the American Nurses Association, the National League for Nursing, the
Western Institute of Nursing, the Eastern Nursing Research Society, and the Golden
Key International Honour Society. In addition, I received the 2012 Alumna of the
Year/Nurse of the Year Award from the University of Nevada, Las Vegas, School of
Nursing. I was selected for Fellowship in the American Academy of Nursing and
will be inducted in October, 2019.
As a native of Springfield, Massachusetts, I began my teaching career as an
instructor of medical-surgical nursing and leadership-management nursing in 1981
at Baystate Medical Center School of Nursing. In 1989, I relocated to Rhode Island
and began teaching advanced medical-surgical nursing and mental health nursing to
RN and LPN students at the Community College of Rhode Island. While teaching
there, a group of students approached me for assistance in preparing for the NCLEX
examination. I have always had a very special interest in test success for nursing
students because of my own personal experiences with testing. Taking tests was
never easy for me, and as a student I needed to find methods and strategies that
would bring success. My own difficult experiences, desire, and dedication to assist
nursing students to overcome the obstacles associated with testing inspired me to
develop and write the many products that would foster success with testing. My
experiences as a student, nursing educator, and item writer for the NCLEX
examinations aided me as I developed a comprehensive review course to prepare
nursing graduates for the NCLEX examination.
Later, in 1994, I began teaching medical-surgical nursing at Salve Regina
University in Newport, Rhode Island, and I remain there as an adjunct faculty
member preparing senior nursing students for the NCLEX-RN examination. Also, I
am currently a part-time instructor at the University of Nevada, Las Vegas.
I established Professional Nursing Seminars, Inc. in 1991 and Nursing Reviews,
Inc. in 2000. These companies are located in Henderson, Nevada. Both companies are
dedicated to helping nursing graduates achieve their goals of becoming registered
nurses, licensed practical/vocational nurses, or both.
Today, I am the successful author of numerous review products. Also, I serve as
an Elsevier consultant for HESI Live Reviews, the review courses for the NCLEX
examinations conducted throughout the country. I am so pleased that you have
decided to join me on your journey to success in testing for nursing examinations
and for the NCLEX-RN examination!
24
Loading page 25...
Angela E. Silvestri, PhD, APRN, FNP-BC, CNE
(Photo by Brent A. Elmore)
Being a nurse is one of the most enriching aspects of my life. It is a career that is
multifaceted and complex, and allows me to be challenged scientifically, technically,
and spiritually. As a nurse educator, I feel honored to impart my knowledge and
experience to others who are hoping to serve in this selfless, caring profession. As a
nurse scientist, I aim to make an impact on health care delivery methods, quality of
care provided, and overall health care outcomes.
I earned my baccalaureate of science in nursing at Salve Regina University in
Newport, Rhode Island. Upon graduation, I worked in long-term care, subacute
care, rehabilitation, and acute care settings. I continue to work as a bedside nurse to
maintain my technical skills set and to remain apprised of the changes reflected in
health care today. I had the opportunity to serve as a preceptor for new graduate
RNs while working in these areas. With the desire to become an educator, I pursued
my Master of Science in nursing with a focus in education from the University of
Nevada, Las Vegas, and began my teaching career. I continued my studies in the
Doctor of Philosophy program at the University of Nevada, Las Vegas, focusing on
beginning my research program as a nurse scientist. I completed my postgraduate
certificate in advanced practice recently and am looking forward to serving in the
role of the advanced practice nurse.
Throughout the years, I have worked extensively in the development of NCLEX
25
(Photo by Brent A. Elmore)
Being a nurse is one of the most enriching aspects of my life. It is a career that is
multifaceted and complex, and allows me to be challenged scientifically, technically,
and spiritually. As a nurse educator, I feel honored to impart my knowledge and
experience to others who are hoping to serve in this selfless, caring profession. As a
nurse scientist, I aim to make an impact on health care delivery methods, quality of
care provided, and overall health care outcomes.
I earned my baccalaureate of science in nursing at Salve Regina University in
Newport, Rhode Island. Upon graduation, I worked in long-term care, subacute
care, rehabilitation, and acute care settings. I continue to work as a bedside nurse to
maintain my technical skills set and to remain apprised of the changes reflected in
health care today. I had the opportunity to serve as a preceptor for new graduate
RNs while working in these areas. With the desire to become an educator, I pursued
my Master of Science in nursing with a focus in education from the University of
Nevada, Las Vegas, and began my teaching career. I continued my studies in the
Doctor of Philosophy program at the University of Nevada, Las Vegas, focusing on
beginning my research program as a nurse scientist. I completed my postgraduate
certificate in advanced practice recently and am looking forward to serving in the
role of the advanced practice nurse.
Throughout the years, I have worked extensively in the development of NCLEX
25
Loading page 26...
review products, as well as with students in live review courses for the NCLEX. I am
very excited at the prospect of helping graduates take the final step in becoming a
licensed nurse. Thank you for your dedication to the profession of nursing, and I
hope you find this resource useful as you move forward in your journey in
becoming a licensed nurse. If you don’t already know, nursing is an amazing
profession!
26
very excited at the prospect of helping graduates take the final step in becoming a
licensed nurse. Thank you for your dedication to the profession of nursing, and I
hope you find this resource useful as you move forward in your journey in
becoming a licensed nurse. If you don’t already know, nursing is an amazing
profession!
26
Loading page 27...
Contributors
Consultants
Dianne E. Fiorentino Research Coordinator, Nursing Reviews, Inc., Henderson,
Nevada
James J. Guilbault, PharmD, BS
Pharmacy Manager, Walgreens Pharmacy, Palmer, Massachusetts
Clinical Staff Pharmacist, Mercy Medical Center, Springfield, Massachusetts
Nicholas L. Silvestri, BA Editorial and Communications Analyst, Nursing
Reviews, Inc., Henderson, Nevada
Contributors
Carmen George, DNP, MSN, BSN, APRN, WHNP-C Women’s Health Associates
of Southern Nevada, Las Vegas, Nevada
Eileen H. Gray, DNP, RN, CPNP Adjunct Professor, Nursing, Salve Regina
University, Newport, Rhode, Island
Debra Hagler, PhD, RN, ACNS-BC, CNE, CHSE, ANEF, FAAN Clinical
Professor, College of Nursing and Health Innovation, Arizona State University,
Phoenix, Phoenix, Arizona
Lisa Nicholas, MSN, RN
Clinical Instructor/Lecturer, School of Nursing, University of Nevada, Las Vegas
Registered Nurse, Sunrise Hospital Medical Center, Las Vegas, Nevada
Paula Richards, BA Counsellor, Behaviorial Health, Baystate Medical Center,
Springfield, Massachusetts
Katherine M. Silvestri, BSN, RN Associate Editor, Consultant, Nursing Reviews,
Inc., Henderson, Nevada
Jane Tyerman, RN, MScN, PhD Professor, Nursing, Trent/Fleming School of
Nursing, Peterborough, Ontario, Canada
Laurent W. Valliere, BS, DD Vice President, Professional Nursing Seminars, Inc.
Marketing, Nursing Reviews, Inc., Henderson, Nevada
27
Consultants
Dianne E. Fiorentino Research Coordinator, Nursing Reviews, Inc., Henderson,
Nevada
James J. Guilbault, PharmD, BS
Pharmacy Manager, Walgreens Pharmacy, Palmer, Massachusetts
Clinical Staff Pharmacist, Mercy Medical Center, Springfield, Massachusetts
Nicholas L. Silvestri, BA Editorial and Communications Analyst, Nursing
Reviews, Inc., Henderson, Nevada
Contributors
Carmen George, DNP, MSN, BSN, APRN, WHNP-C Women’s Health Associates
of Southern Nevada, Las Vegas, Nevada
Eileen H. Gray, DNP, RN, CPNP Adjunct Professor, Nursing, Salve Regina
University, Newport, Rhode, Island
Debra Hagler, PhD, RN, ACNS-BC, CNE, CHSE, ANEF, FAAN Clinical
Professor, College of Nursing and Health Innovation, Arizona State University,
Phoenix, Phoenix, Arizona
Lisa Nicholas, MSN, RN
Clinical Instructor/Lecturer, School of Nursing, University of Nevada, Las Vegas
Registered Nurse, Sunrise Hospital Medical Center, Las Vegas, Nevada
Paula Richards, BA Counsellor, Behaviorial Health, Baystate Medical Center,
Springfield, Massachusetts
Katherine M. Silvestri, BSN, RN Associate Editor, Consultant, Nursing Reviews,
Inc., Henderson, Nevada
Jane Tyerman, RN, MScN, PhD Professor, Nursing, Trent/Fleming School of
Nursing, Peterborough, Ontario, Canada
Laurent W. Valliere, BS, DD Vice President, Professional Nursing Seminars, Inc.
Marketing, Nursing Reviews, Inc., Henderson, Nevada
27
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Reviewers
Amber Ballard, MSN, RN Registered Nurse, Emergency Department, Sparrow
Health System, Lansing, Michigan
Brenda A. Battle, RN, BSN, MBA Vice President, Urban Health Initiative and
Chief Diversity, Inclusion and Equity Officer Administration, The Office of
Community Affairs and Diversity, Inclusion and Equity, The University of Chicago
Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
Dawn Carpenter, DNP, ACNP-BC, CCRN Assistant Professor, Coordinator,
Adult Gerontology Acute Care Nurse Practitioner track, University of Massachusetts
Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts
Mary Carrico, MSN, RN Associate Professor of Nursing, West Kentucky
Community and Technical College, Paducah, Kentucky
Debra A. Cherubini, PhD, RN Assistant Professor, Chair, Department of Nursing,
Salve Regina University, Newport, Rhode, Island
Kim Clevenger, EdD, MSN, RN, BC Associate Professor of Nursing, Morehead
State University, Morehead, Kentucky
Christine R. Durbin, PhD, JD, RN Associate Professor and Chair, Primary Care &
Health Systems, Southern Illinois University Edwardsville School of Nursing,
Edwardsville, Illinois
Janine Eagon, RNC, MS, CNS Certified Inpatient Obstetrics Professor, Nursing
Faculty, Bryant & Stratton College, Wauwatosa, Wisconsin
Alena Grewal, MSN, APRN, FNP-BC Clinical Instructor, University of Nevada,
Las Vegas School of Nursing, Las Vegas, Nevada
Jessica Leanne Grimm, DNP, APRN, ACNP-BC, CNE Assistant Professor,
College of Nursing, Touro University Nevada, Henderson, Nevada
Brad Harrell, DNP, APRN, ACNP-BC Assistant Professor, Director of MSN and
TNeCampus Programs, Loewenberg College of Nursing, University of Memphis,
Memphis, Tennessee
Kimberly Head, BA, BS, DC Director, Healthcare Programs, Collin College,
Plano, Texas
Tiffany Jakubowski, BSN, RN, CMSRN, ONC Clinical Nurse III, Ortho/Neuro,
28
Amber Ballard, MSN, RN Registered Nurse, Emergency Department, Sparrow
Health System, Lansing, Michigan
Brenda A. Battle, RN, BSN, MBA Vice President, Urban Health Initiative and
Chief Diversity, Inclusion and Equity Officer Administration, The Office of
Community Affairs and Diversity, Inclusion and Equity, The University of Chicago
Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
Dawn Carpenter, DNP, ACNP-BC, CCRN Assistant Professor, Coordinator,
Adult Gerontology Acute Care Nurse Practitioner track, University of Massachusetts
Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts
Mary Carrico, MSN, RN Associate Professor of Nursing, West Kentucky
Community and Technical College, Paducah, Kentucky
Debra A. Cherubini, PhD, RN Assistant Professor, Chair, Department of Nursing,
Salve Regina University, Newport, Rhode, Island
Kim Clevenger, EdD, MSN, RN, BC Associate Professor of Nursing, Morehead
State University, Morehead, Kentucky
Christine R. Durbin, PhD, JD, RN Associate Professor and Chair, Primary Care &
Health Systems, Southern Illinois University Edwardsville School of Nursing,
Edwardsville, Illinois
Janine Eagon, RNC, MS, CNS Certified Inpatient Obstetrics Professor, Nursing
Faculty, Bryant & Stratton College, Wauwatosa, Wisconsin
Alena Grewal, MSN, APRN, FNP-BC Clinical Instructor, University of Nevada,
Las Vegas School of Nursing, Las Vegas, Nevada
Jessica Leanne Grimm, DNP, APRN, ACNP-BC, CNE Assistant Professor,
College of Nursing, Touro University Nevada, Henderson, Nevada
Brad Harrell, DNP, APRN, ACNP-BC Assistant Professor, Director of MSN and
TNeCampus Programs, Loewenberg College of Nursing, University of Memphis,
Memphis, Tennessee
Kimberly Head, BA, BS, DC Director, Healthcare Programs, Collin College,
Plano, Texas
Tiffany Jakubowski, BSN, RN, CMSRN, ONC Clinical Nurse III, Ortho/Neuro,
28
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Longmont United Hospital, Longmont, Colorado
Ronald Jolley, MSN, RN
Registered Nurse, Adult Health Medical-Surgical, Henderson Hospital, Henderson,
Nevada
Clinical Instructor, Chamberlain College of Nursing, Las Vegas, Nevada
Donna E. McCabe, DNP, APRN-BC, GNP Clinical Assistant Professor, New York
University Rory Meyers College of Nursing, New York, New York
Janis Longfield McMillan, MSN, RN, CNE Associate Clinical Professor, School of
Nursing, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, Arizona
Lisa Nicholas, MSN, RN
Clinical Instructor/Lecturer, School of Nursing, University of Nevada, Las Vegas
Registered Nurse, Sunrise Hospital Medical Center, Las Vegas, Nevada
David Petersen, MSN-Ed, RN Adjunct Faculty, Paradise Valley Community
College, Phoenix, Arizona
Karen Petersen, MSN-L, RN Adjunct Faculty, Maricopa Community College
District, Phoenix, Arizona
Misty Britt Stone, MSN RN Clinical Assistant Professor, Nursing, The University
of North Carolina at Pembroke, Pembroke, North Carolina
Jane Tyerman, RN, MScN, PhD Professor, Nursing, Trent/Fleming School of
Nursing, Peterborough, Ontario, Canada
Joanna Van Sant, MSN, RN RN Team Coordinator, Pain Management, Sentara
Princess Anne Hospital, Virginia Beach, Virginia
Veronica Vital, PhD, RN Clinical Assistant Professor, University of Arizona—
College of Nursing, Tucson, Arizona
Student and Graduate Reviewers
Lea Adams, Graduate Nurse Salve Regina University, Newport, Rhode, Island
Margaret Adams, Student Nurse Salve Regina University, Newport, Rhode,
Island
Emily Besaw, Student Nurse Salve Regina University, Newport, Rhode, Island
Megan Bosetti, Student Nurse Salve Regina University, Newport, Rhode, Island
Jenna Lynn Boyle, Student Nurse Salve Regina University, Newport, Rhode,
Island
Isabella Buda, Graduate Nurse Salve Regina University, Newport, Rhode, Island
29
Ronald Jolley, MSN, RN
Registered Nurse, Adult Health Medical-Surgical, Henderson Hospital, Henderson,
Nevada
Clinical Instructor, Chamberlain College of Nursing, Las Vegas, Nevada
Donna E. McCabe, DNP, APRN-BC, GNP Clinical Assistant Professor, New York
University Rory Meyers College of Nursing, New York, New York
Janis Longfield McMillan, MSN, RN, CNE Associate Clinical Professor, School of
Nursing, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, Arizona
Lisa Nicholas, MSN, RN
Clinical Instructor/Lecturer, School of Nursing, University of Nevada, Las Vegas
Registered Nurse, Sunrise Hospital Medical Center, Las Vegas, Nevada
David Petersen, MSN-Ed, RN Adjunct Faculty, Paradise Valley Community
College, Phoenix, Arizona
Karen Petersen, MSN-L, RN Adjunct Faculty, Maricopa Community College
District, Phoenix, Arizona
Misty Britt Stone, MSN RN Clinical Assistant Professor, Nursing, The University
of North Carolina at Pembroke, Pembroke, North Carolina
Jane Tyerman, RN, MScN, PhD Professor, Nursing, Trent/Fleming School of
Nursing, Peterborough, Ontario, Canada
Joanna Van Sant, MSN, RN RN Team Coordinator, Pain Management, Sentara
Princess Anne Hospital, Virginia Beach, Virginia
Veronica Vital, PhD, RN Clinical Assistant Professor, University of Arizona—
College of Nursing, Tucson, Arizona
Student and Graduate Reviewers
Lea Adams, Graduate Nurse Salve Regina University, Newport, Rhode, Island
Margaret Adams, Student Nurse Salve Regina University, Newport, Rhode,
Island
Emily Besaw, Student Nurse Salve Regina University, Newport, Rhode, Island
Megan Bosetti, Student Nurse Salve Regina University, Newport, Rhode, Island
Jenna Lynn Boyle, Student Nurse Salve Regina University, Newport, Rhode,
Island
Isabella Buda, Graduate Nurse Salve Regina University, Newport, Rhode, Island
29
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Monica Burritt, MAEd, BSN, RN Graduate, Northern Arizona University,
Flagstaff, Arizona
Morgan Cahill, Graduate Nurse Salve Regina University, Newport, Rhode, Island
Hayley Cambrola, Graduate Nurse Salve Regina University, Newport, Rhode,
Island
Jennifer Carlson, RN, BSN Graduate, Chamberlain College of Nursing, Phoenix,
Arizona
Mary Cugini, Student Nurse Salve Regina University, Newport, Rhode, Island
Kirsten Cunneen, Graduate Nurse Salve Regina University, Newport, Rhode,
Island
Stefanie Dias, Graduate Nurse Salve Regina University, Newport, Rhode, Island
Caitlin Ecsedy, Graduate Nurse Salve Regina University, Newport, Rhode, Island
Kelly Feola, Student Nurse Salve Regina University, Newport, Rhode, Island
Megan Gilmore, Student Nurse Salve Regina University, Newport, Rhode, Island
Megan Guest, Student Nurse Salve Regina University, Newport, Rhode, Island
Ashley Haskell, Student Nurse Salve Regina University, Newport, Rhode, Island
Kristen Hickey, Graduate Nurse Salve Regina University, Newport, Rhode,
Island
Valerie Huard, Student Nurse Salve Regina University, Newport, Rhode, Island
Ariana Incorvati, Student Nurse Salve Regina University, Newport, Rhode,
Island
Hathaithip Keophakdy, Student Nurse Salve Regina University, Newport,
Rhode, Island
Michaela Lacerra, Student Nurse Salve Regina University, Newport, Rhode,
Island
Brianna Machnacz, Student Nurse Salve Regina University, Newport, Rhode,
Island
Elizabeth Maher, Student Nurse Salve Regina University, Newport, Rhode,
Island
Kara Merryfield, Graduate Nurse Salve Regina University, Newport, Rhode,
Island
30
Flagstaff, Arizona
Morgan Cahill, Graduate Nurse Salve Regina University, Newport, Rhode, Island
Hayley Cambrola, Graduate Nurse Salve Regina University, Newport, Rhode,
Island
Jennifer Carlson, RN, BSN Graduate, Chamberlain College of Nursing, Phoenix,
Arizona
Mary Cugini, Student Nurse Salve Regina University, Newport, Rhode, Island
Kirsten Cunneen, Graduate Nurse Salve Regina University, Newport, Rhode,
Island
Stefanie Dias, Graduate Nurse Salve Regina University, Newport, Rhode, Island
Caitlin Ecsedy, Graduate Nurse Salve Regina University, Newport, Rhode, Island
Kelly Feola, Student Nurse Salve Regina University, Newport, Rhode, Island
Megan Gilmore, Student Nurse Salve Regina University, Newport, Rhode, Island
Megan Guest, Student Nurse Salve Regina University, Newport, Rhode, Island
Ashley Haskell, Student Nurse Salve Regina University, Newport, Rhode, Island
Kristen Hickey, Graduate Nurse Salve Regina University, Newport, Rhode,
Island
Valerie Huard, Student Nurse Salve Regina University, Newport, Rhode, Island
Ariana Incorvati, Student Nurse Salve Regina University, Newport, Rhode,
Island
Hathaithip Keophakdy, Student Nurse Salve Regina University, Newport,
Rhode, Island
Michaela Lacerra, Student Nurse Salve Regina University, Newport, Rhode,
Island
Brianna Machnacz, Student Nurse Salve Regina University, Newport, Rhode,
Island
Elizabeth Maher, Student Nurse Salve Regina University, Newport, Rhode,
Island
Kara Merryfield, Graduate Nurse Salve Regina University, Newport, Rhode,
Island
30
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Subject
National Council Licensure Examination