Solution Manual for Introduction to Maternity and Pediatric Nursing, 6th Edition
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Study Guide Answer Key Chapter 1 1
Study Guide Answer Key
1
chapter
1
Learning Activities
1. c, h, d, i, j, b, g, f, e, a
2. a. Obstetricians
b. Family practice physicians
c. Certified nurse-midwives
3. f, d, i, e, g, b, j, a, h, c
4. a. American College of Nurse-Midwives
b. Association of Women’s Health, Obstetric,
and Neonatal Nurses
c. Division of Maternal Nursing within the
American Nurses Association
5. a. Provides funds for maternity care
b. Increases access to health care for under-
privileged women
c. Designed to improve education of pre-
school children
d. Provides contraceptive information
e. Provides supplemental food and education
for the poor
f. Enables employees to take 12 weeks of
unpaid leave but retain benefits and pay
status for newborns or ill family members
g. Establishes minimum working ages and
led to national minimum standards for
child labor and enforcement of these
standards
h. Provides support and public education of
handicapped children
i. Provides a national clearinghouse for miss-
ing children
6. Hospital stays for births in the 1950s were usu-
ally one week. Today, an uncomplicated case
requires only 2 days. Follow-up of the well
newborn occurs within 2 weeks and a nurse
may make visits to the home if a discharged
mother or infant is at high risk. Implications
for nurses might include the need for good
organization of care based on research rather
than tradition, identification of risk factors that
may lengthen the stay for the mother and/or
infant, and teaching early after birth to help
parents best care for themselves and their
infant. Teaching often involves other family
members such as grandparents or siblings as
well. (Student should describe their thoughts
how these changes are likely to affect nurses.)
7. Natural childbirth movement made parents
aware of their need to become educated and
involved. Preparation for childbirth such as
Lamaze classes and La Leche League became
accepted. Parents questioned routine use
of anesthesia and restrictive policies such
as exclusion of fathers from birth. Today, a
father’s attendance at birth, open visiting for
other children and family, and extended con-
tact with the newborn are encouraged.
8. Technological advances and emergence of
pediatric specialties enable survival of many
infants and children who would not have sur-
vived in the past. Specialized care for prema-
ture infants, specialized pediatric cardiology
care, and pediatric specialties such as pediatric
surgery and pediatric psychiatry are now
available. Laboratories are equipped to test
pediatric specimens to identify biochemical
or chromosomal abnormalities. Identification
of genetic risk and related counseling is more
important.
9. The number of chronically ill and disabled
children is growing. Some are dependent
on specialized equipment such as monitors
or ventilators. Parents must be educated in
performing technical skills once reserved for
the hospital, such as tracheotomy or central
venous line care. The need for respite care for
parents grows as the number of these children
increases.
10. See Box 1-4 on p. 11 in the textbook.
11. a. Assessment
b. Diagnosis
c. Outcomes identification
d. Planning
e. Implementation
f. Evaluation
12. NIC and NOC consist of standardized lan-
guage for nursing interventions and outcomes.
Standardization helps improve quality of care,
reduce costs, enable research, and promote
Study Guide Answer Key
1
chapter
1
Learning Activities
1. c, h, d, i, j, b, g, f, e, a
2. a. Obstetricians
b. Family practice physicians
c. Certified nurse-midwives
3. f, d, i, e, g, b, j, a, h, c
4. a. American College of Nurse-Midwives
b. Association of Women’s Health, Obstetric,
and Neonatal Nurses
c. Division of Maternal Nursing within the
American Nurses Association
5. a. Provides funds for maternity care
b. Increases access to health care for under-
privileged women
c. Designed to improve education of pre-
school children
d. Provides contraceptive information
e. Provides supplemental food and education
for the poor
f. Enables employees to take 12 weeks of
unpaid leave but retain benefits and pay
status for newborns or ill family members
g. Establishes minimum working ages and
led to national minimum standards for
child labor and enforcement of these
standards
h. Provides support and public education of
handicapped children
i. Provides a national clearinghouse for miss-
ing children
6. Hospital stays for births in the 1950s were usu-
ally one week. Today, an uncomplicated case
requires only 2 days. Follow-up of the well
newborn occurs within 2 weeks and a nurse
may make visits to the home if a discharged
mother or infant is at high risk. Implications
for nurses might include the need for good
organization of care based on research rather
than tradition, identification of risk factors that
may lengthen the stay for the mother and/or
infant, and teaching early after birth to help
parents best care for themselves and their
infant. Teaching often involves other family
members such as grandparents or siblings as
well. (Student should describe their thoughts
how these changes are likely to affect nurses.)
7. Natural childbirth movement made parents
aware of their need to become educated and
involved. Preparation for childbirth such as
Lamaze classes and La Leche League became
accepted. Parents questioned routine use
of anesthesia and restrictive policies such
as exclusion of fathers from birth. Today, a
father’s attendance at birth, open visiting for
other children and family, and extended con-
tact with the newborn are encouraged.
8. Technological advances and emergence of
pediatric specialties enable survival of many
infants and children who would not have sur-
vived in the past. Specialized care for prema-
ture infants, specialized pediatric cardiology
care, and pediatric specialties such as pediatric
surgery and pediatric psychiatry are now
available. Laboratories are equipped to test
pediatric specimens to identify biochemical
or chromosomal abnormalities. Identification
of genetic risk and related counseling is more
important.
9. The number of chronically ill and disabled
children is growing. Some are dependent
on specialized equipment such as monitors
or ventilators. Parents must be educated in
performing technical skills once reserved for
the hospital, such as tracheotomy or central
venous line care. The need for respite care for
parents grows as the number of these children
increases.
10. See Box 1-4 on p. 11 in the textbook.
11. a. Assessment
b. Diagnosis
c. Outcomes identification
d. Planning
e. Implementation
f. Evaluation
12. NIC and NOC consist of standardized lan-
guage for nursing interventions and outcomes.
Standardization helps improve quality of care,
reduce costs, enable research, and promote
2 Study Guide Answer Key Chapter 1
reimbursement for nursing services. Coding
the interventions and outcomes improves qual-
ity of research and direct reimbursement for
services.
13. Critical thinking is the use of basic standards
of care combined with data obtained by assess-
ment of the specific patient. It is purposeful,
goal-directed thinking based on scientific evi-
dence rather than assumptions or memoriza-
tion. Critical thinking involves reflection and
integration of information to arrive at a conclu-
sion or judgment.
14. Healthy People 2020 updates the 2010 objec-
tives is a statement of national health promo-
tion and disease prevention objectives. It is a
vision statement to achieve a nation of more
healthy people. The report identifies objectives
designed to use health care knowledge and
technology developed in the twentieth century
to improve health and quality of life.
Review Questions
1. Answer: 2
Rationale: Because the nurse must handle
equipment, dressings, and patient care activi-
ties, both with and without gloves, consistent
hand hygiene reduces the number of resident
bacteria that can be transmitted to others who
may not be resistant to infection.
2. Answer: 3
Rationale: Most nurses can identify major cul-
tural groups that reside in the area where they
work. Patients and their families appreciate the
extra attention to incorporate cultural needs
into other nursing care.
3. Answer: 3
Rationale: Because statistics examine trends in
large groups of people, they can help evaluate
the quality of care, including prenatal care.
4. Answer: 4
Rationale: The CNM is an advanced-practice
nurse with special training in providing care
to the childbearing woman. The CNM works
under protocols that specify under what condi-
tions that medical care must be sought for the
woman.
5. Answer: 3
Rationale: The nursing process helps nurses
individualize care for all patients, both well
and ill.
6. Answer: 2
Rationale: Clinical pathways provide “targets”
for expected progress along a time line and
are often collaborative, using skills of multiple
professionals. When the patient “falls off” the
expected course, a variance occurs.
Applying Knowledge
Answers will vary.
reimbursement for nursing services. Coding
the interventions and outcomes improves qual-
ity of research and direct reimbursement for
services.
13. Critical thinking is the use of basic standards
of care combined with data obtained by assess-
ment of the specific patient. It is purposeful,
goal-directed thinking based on scientific evi-
dence rather than assumptions or memoriza-
tion. Critical thinking involves reflection and
integration of information to arrive at a conclu-
sion or judgment.
14. Healthy People 2020 updates the 2010 objec-
tives is a statement of national health promo-
tion and disease prevention objectives. It is a
vision statement to achieve a nation of more
healthy people. The report identifies objectives
designed to use health care knowledge and
technology developed in the twentieth century
to improve health and quality of life.
Review Questions
1. Answer: 2
Rationale: Because the nurse must handle
equipment, dressings, and patient care activi-
ties, both with and without gloves, consistent
hand hygiene reduces the number of resident
bacteria that can be transmitted to others who
may not be resistant to infection.
2. Answer: 3
Rationale: Most nurses can identify major cul-
tural groups that reside in the area where they
work. Patients and their families appreciate the
extra attention to incorporate cultural needs
into other nursing care.
3. Answer: 3
Rationale: Because statistics examine trends in
large groups of people, they can help evaluate
the quality of care, including prenatal care.
4. Answer: 4
Rationale: The CNM is an advanced-practice
nurse with special training in providing care
to the childbearing woman. The CNM works
under protocols that specify under what condi-
tions that medical care must be sought for the
woman.
5. Answer: 3
Rationale: The nursing process helps nurses
individualize care for all patients, both well
and ill.
6. Answer: 2
Rationale: Clinical pathways provide “targets”
for expected progress along a time line and
are often collaborative, using skills of multiple
professionals. When the patient “falls off” the
expected course, a variance occurs.
Applying Knowledge
Answers will vary.
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