i
T ABLE OF C ONTENTS
Table of Contents .................................................................................................................................... i
ChemActivity 1A: Atoms and Molecules ......................................................................................... 1
ChemActivity 2A: Writing Numbers................................................................................................. 2
ChemActivity 2B: Units ........................................................................................................................ 4
ChemActivity 2C: More with Conversions...................................................................................... 5
ChemActivity 3A: Classifying Matter ............................................................................................... 6
ChemActivity 3B: Chemical Change ................................................................................................. 7
ChemActivity 3C: Temperature and Heat ...................................................................................... 8
ChemActivity 4A: Atoms and Elements (I) .................................................................................... 9
ChemActivity 4B: Atoms and Elements (II) ................................................................................ 10
ChemActivity 4C: Ions, Isotopes, and Atomic Mass .................................................................. 11
ChemActivity 5A: Combining Elements ....................................................................................... 13
ChemActivity 5B: Types of Compounds ....................................................................................... 14
ChemActivity 5C: Naming Compounds ........................................................................................ 15
ChemActivity 6A: Counting by Weighing .................................................................................... 17
ChemActivity 6B: Counting by Weighing, Cont. ........................................................................ 18
ChemActivity 6C: Mass Percent and Empirical Formula ....................................................... 19
ChemActivity 7A: Chemical Equations ......................................................................................... 20
ChemActivity 7B: Solution Chemistry .......................................................................................... 22
ChemActivity 7C: Classes of Chemical Reactions...................................................................... 24
ChemActivity 8A: Pancakes and Molecules ................................................................................ 25
ChemActivity 8B: How Much Can We Make? .............................................................................. 26
ChemActivity 8C: Heat In or Heat Out? ........................................................................................ 27
ChemActivity 9A: Waves and Light ............................................................................................... 28
ChemActivity 9B: Orbits and Orbitals .......................................................................................... 29
ChemActivity 9C: Electron Configurations ................................................................................. 30
ChemActivity 9D: The Periodic Table .......................................................................................... 31
ChemActivity 10A: Introduction to Bonding ............................................................................. 32
ChemActivity 10B: Drawing Lewis Structures .......................................................................... 33

ii
ChemActivity 10C: Molecular Shape and Polarity ................................................................... 34
ChemActivity 11A: Pressure ............................................................................................................ 35
ChemActivity 11B: Gas Laws ........................................................................................................... 36
ChemActivity 11C: Moles of Gas ..................................................................................................... 37
ChemActivity 12A: Solids, Liquids, and Gases ........................................................................... 38
ChemActivity 12B: Energetics of Boiling and Freezing .......................................................... 39
ChemActivity 12C: Types of Intermolecular Forces ................................................................ 40
ChemActivity 13A: Solutions ........................................................................................................... 41
ChemActivity 13B: Concentration ................................................................................................. 42
ChemActivity 13C: How is a Solution Different? ....................................................................... 43
ChemActivity 14A: Acids and Bases .............................................................................................. 44
ChemActivity 14B: Chemistry of Acids and Bases .................................................................... 45
ChemActivity 14C: Strong and Weak Acids and Bases ........................................................... 46
ChemActivity 14D: pH and Buffers................................................................................................ 47
ChemActivity 15A: Dynamic Equilibrium ................................................................................... 49
ChemActivity 15B: Le Châtelier’s Principle ............................................................................... 51
ChemActivity 15C: Solubility Products and Catalysts ............................................................. 52
ChemActivity 16A: Oxidation and Reduction ............................................................................ 53
ChemActivity 16B: Balancing Redox Equations........................................................................ 55
ChemActivity 16C: Electrochemical Cells ................................................................................... 58
ChemActivity 17A: Nuclear Reactions.......................................................................................... 59
ChemActivity 17B: Decay and Time .............................................................................................. 60
ChemActivity 18A: Alkanes ............................................................................................................. 61
ChemActivity 18B: Alkenes and Alkynes .................................................................................... 62
ChemActivity 18C: Functional Groups ......................................................................................... 64
ChemActivity 19A: Carbohydrates and Lipids .......................................................................... 65
ChemActivity 19B: Proteins and DNA .......................................................................................... 66

1
C HEM A CTIVITY 1A: A TOMS AND M OLECULES
A NSWERS TO C RITICAL T HINKING Q UESTIONS
1. 2
2. 2
3. Only one circle
4. More than one atom
5. They have different atoms, They have different numbers of atoms, etc.
6. A molecule is composed of two or more atoms.
7. An observation
8. No-‐-‐-‐laws are very general
9. Yes. One could observe something that contradicts a law and show that it is invalid.
10. A law summarizes a large number of observations.
11. Boyle’s law
12. The law of conservation of mass
13. Theories explain why laws are true.
14. No. Laws summarize observations and theories explain laws.

2
C HEM A CTIVITY 2A: W RITING N UMBERS
A NSWERS TO C RITICAL T HINKING Q UESTIONS
1. Statement 1
2. Statement 2
3. The one saying Statement 2. This scientist communicated more precision with more
digits.
4. Statement 3
5. 0.6 °C
6. Their level of certainty. (The precision.)
7. 3
8. 10 3
9. 3
10. 10 -‐3
11. The number of factors of 10 or 1/10
12. In the boxes starting in the top left blank…
a. 10·∙10·∙10·∙10·∙10·∙10
b. 10 6
c. (1/10)·∙ (1/10)·∙ (1/10)·∙ (1/10)·∙ (1/10)·∙ (1/10)·∙ (1/10)
d. 10 -‐7
13. 5983
14. 5983 = 5.983 × 1000
15. 3
16. 0.00034 = 3.4 ÷ 10000 = 3.4 × (1/10) ×(1/10) ×(1/10) ×(1/10) = 3.4 × 10 -‐4
17.
a. Write the number as a number between 1 and 10
b. Determine how many factors of 10 or 1/10 are needed to make the number the
same as the original
c. Write those factors of 10 or 1/10 as the number 10 raised to an exponent
18. 1; 5
19. 3; 5.00
20. 1; 500
21. When a trailing zero is after a decimal point it is significant.
22. 2; 0.0051
23. Leading zeros are not significant
24. 4; 5.003
25. 1) after a decimal point, 2) between non-‐zero digits
26. Whether the zeros are significant or not
27. Scientific notation
28. (see answer in model)
29. (see table)

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Solution Manual For Introductory Chemistry, 6th Edition

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