Solution Manual For Laboratory Manual for General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry, 3rd Edition

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Pre-Lab Study Questions11.What are the standard units of length, mass, volume, and temperature in the metricsystem?Length–meterMass–gramVolume–literTemperature–degrees Celsius (Kelvin)2.Why is the metric (SI) system called a decimal system of measurement?The ‘deci’ prefix means 10. Measurements in the metric system are based onfactors of 10.3.What is the purpose of using prefixes in the metric system?Prefixes are attached to the standard unit to provide larger and smallermeasurements4.Fill in the blank lines below with the unitname, abbreviation, and property measured.Unit NameAbbreviationProperty MeasuredliterLvolumecentimetercmlengthkilometerkmlengthmilligrammgmass5.Identify each of the following as a measured number or an exact number:5 booksExact (counted)9.25 LMeasured0.035 kgMeasured100 cm in 1 mExact (definition)12 beakersExact (counted)59.067 gMeasured1000 mL1 LExact (definition)8.03 mLMeasuredDateNameSectionTeamInstructor

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A.Measuring Length1.What units are represented by thenumbersmarked on the meterstick?centimetersWhat do the small lines marked on the meterstick represent?millimetersComplete the following statements:There are100centimeters (cm) in 1 meter (m).There are1,000millimeters(mm) in 1 meter (m).There are10millimeters (mm) in 1 centimeter (cm).Item2. Length3. EstimatedDigit4. Number ofSignificantFiguresWidth of little fingernail0.82 cm0.022Distance around wrist21.45 cm0.054Length of your shoe26.34 cm0.0445.Length of lineYour measurement13.74 cmOther students’ values13.72 cm13.77cmHow does your value of the line length compare to those of other students?My line is 0.02 cm longer than one, yet 0.03 cm shorter than the other.Questions and ProblemsQ1What digits in the measurements for the line by other students are the same asyours and which are different?Their tens, units,and tenths are the same while their hundredths differ.DateNameSectionTeamInstructorREPORT SHEETChemistry and MeasurementLAB1

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B.Measuring VolumeVolume of a liquid(include units for every measurement)Cylinder 1Cylinder 2Cylinder 31.Volume (mL)25.6 mL482 mL780.mLVolume of a solid by displacement2.Initial volume of water20.0 mL3.Volume of water and submerged solid24.5 mL4.Volume of solid (32)4.5 mLC.Measuring MassItem1. Mass4. Number of SignificantFigures1.Beaker145.651 g6Stopper6.534 g4Evaporating dish52.168 g52.Unknown #0.567 g33.Actual mass of unknown0.565 g3Questions and ProblemsQ2State the number of significant figures in each of the following measurements:4.5 m2204.52 g50.0004 L1625.000 mm6805 lb334.80 km4Q3Indicate the estimated digit in each of the following measurements:1.5 cm0.54500 mi5000.0782 in.0.000242.50 g0.0048.231 g0.0018.07 lb0.07

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Pre-Lab Study Questions21.What are the rules for rounding off numbers?Look at the number immediately following the digit to be rounded. If the number isfive or greater, round the digit up; if the number is less than five, leave the digit asis.2.How do you determine the number of significant figures for an answer obtained bymultiplication or division?The final answer has the same number of significant figures as the measurednumber with the fewest significant figures.3.How do you determine the number of decimal places for an answer obtained by additionor subtraction?The final answer has the same decimal place as the measured number with thefewest decimal places.4.What is an equality and how is it used to write a conversion factor?An equality is the same measurement expressed in two different units; they areequal to each other. A conversion factor is written by placing one of the units in thenumerator and the other in the denominator.5.Write the equality and conversions factors for the relationship between miles and hoursfor a car traveling at 55 mi/h.Equality:DateNameSectionTeamInstructor

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REPORT SHEETConversion Factorsand Problem SolvingLAB2A.Rounding OffInitial NumberStudent’sRounded Value1. Correct?(yes/no)2. Corrected(if needed)143.63212144Yes532 800533Yes0.008 583 450.009No0.0085888.00YesB.Significant Figures in CalculationsB.1Multiplication and DivisionPerform the following multiplication and division calculations. Give a final answerwith the correct number of significant figures:0.11848.000.03450.0327(42.4)(15.6)1.265523(35.56)(1.45)(4.8)(0.56)19B.2Addition and SubtractionPerform the following addition and subtraction calculations. Give a final answerwith the correct number of decimal places.13.45 mL0.4552 mL13.91 mL145.5 m86.58 m1045 m1277 m245.625 g – 80.2 g165.4 g4.62 cm – 0.885 cm3.74 cmDateNameSectionTeamInstructor

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B.3Area1. Your measurements3. Another student’s measurementsLength13.29 cm13.27 cmWidth4.32 cm4.33 cmArea (2.,4.)57.4 cm257.5 cm2Why could two students obtain different values for the calculated area of the same rectangle?Because each student will estimate the last digit of the measured numbers differentlyB.4Volume of a Solid1.Shape of the solidRectangular solid(cuboid)Dimensions to measureHeight, length,& width2.Height3.86 cmLength1.41 cmWidth2.33 cmDiameter (if cylinder)n/a3.Formula for volume of solidVolume of the solid12.7 cm3(Show calculations of volume, including the units.)

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C.Equalities and Conversion FactorsC.1Metric—Metric Conversion Factors for Volume1.Equality1 L1000 mL2.Conversion factorsC.2Metric—U.S. System Conversion Factors for Volume1.Number of milliliters in 1 qt1 qt = 960 mL(Experimental factor)2.True equality1 qt = 946 mL3.Conversion factorsHow does yourexperimental factorcompare to the conversion factor 946 mL/1 qt.?My volume is 14 mL greater than the standard value.C.3Metric—U.S. System Conversion Factors for Length1.Vertical page length (measured)11.00in.Vertical page length (measured)27.88cm2.2.53cm/1 in.(Experimental factor)3.True equality2.54 cm = 1 in4.Conversion factorsHow does yourexperimental factorcompare to the conversion factor 2.54 cm/1 in.?My length is 0.01 cm lower than the standard value.C.4Metric—U.S. System Conversion Factors for Mass1.Name of commercial productWheat Thins2.Mass, in grams, stated on label340 gWeight, in pounds or ounces, stated on label12 oz3.Weight in lb(Convert oz to lb if needed.)4.=453 g/1 lb(Experimental factor)5.True equality454 g1 lb6.Conversion factors

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How does yourexperimental factorcompare to the standard conversion factor of 454 g/lb?My mass is 1 g lower than the standard value.D.Problem SolvingUsing Conversion FactorsYour metric height1.Height (inches)68.0in.2.Height in centimeters173cm(Show your calculations)3.Height in meters1.73m(Show your calculations)Questions and ProblemsQ1A pencil is 16.2 cm long. What is its length in inches?Q2A person has a mass of 63.4 kg. What is that weight in pounds?Q3A bottle of olive oil contains 1.4 qt of olive oil. What is that volume in milliliters?Q4How many liters of plasma are present in 8.5 pt?

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Pre-Lab Study Questions31.What property of oil makes it float on water?The oil’s lower densitymakes it float.2.Why would heating the gas in a hot air balloon make the balloon rise?Heat expands the gas volume causing hot airto havea lower density than coldair. The balloon rises because of the low density hot air.3.What is the difference between density and specific gravity?Density has units of g/mL. Specific gravity has no units becauseit is a ratio of asubstance’s density to that of waterand those units cancel out.4.An object has a mass of 18.4 g and a volume of 11.2 mL.a.What is the density of the object?b.What isthespecific gravity of the object?1.64c.Will the object sink or float in water?Sink5.A 15.0 g-sample of a liquid has a density of 0.875 g/mL.a.What is the volume, in milliliters, of the liquid?Use conversion factors to calculateanswer.b.What mass, in grams, of the liquid is in 34.6 mL of the liquid?DateNameSectionTeamInstructor

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REPORT SHEETDensity and Specific GravityLAB3A.Density of LiquidsA.1Density of Water1.Volume (mL)20.2 mL2.Mass of beaker150.802 g3.Mass of beaker + liquid171.223 g4.Mass of liquid20.431 g5.Density1.01 g/mL(Show calculations)A.2Density of an Unknown Liquid1.Type of liquid sampleSalt waterVolume of liquid20.3 mL2.Mass of beaker150.802 g3.Mass of beaker + liquid172.047 g4.Mass of liquid21.245 g5.Density1.05 g/mL(Show calculations)B.Specific Gravity1.Specific gravity of water1.012.Specific gravity of liquid sample1.053.Specific gravity of water using a hydrometer1.004.Specific gravity of liquid using a hydrometer1.04How do thecalculatedspecific gravity of water and the liquid sample (1, 2) compareto the hydrometer readings (3, 4) for water and the liquid sample?The calculated values wereboth0.01 units higher than the hydrometer readings.DateNameSectionTeamInstructor

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C.Density of Solids1.Mass of the solid24.641 g2.Initial water level19.9 mL3.Final water level with solid23.1 mL4.Volume of solid (32)3.2 mL5.Density of the solid7.7 g/mL(Show calculations)6.Type of metalIronD.Graphing Mass and Volume1.Initial volume of water22.7 mL2.Initial mass of cylinder + water43.850 g3.Type of metalBrassTotal Mass of Cylinder, Water,and Metal PiecesTotal Volume of Waterand Metal Pieces4.52.271g4.23.7mL5.63.363g5.25.0mL6.72.999g6.25.9mL7.89.951g7.28.2mLCalculations8.Mass of Metal Pieces9.Volume of Metal Pieces10.Density (8/9)(4–2)8.421g(4–1)1.0mL8.4g/mL(5–2)19.513g(5–1)2.3mL8.5g/mL(6–2)29.149g(6–1)3.2mL8.3g/mL(7–2)46.101g(7–1)5.5mL8.4g/mL

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11. Drawing the Graph12.Questions and ProblemsQ1A metal object has a mass of 8.37 g. When it was placed in a graduated cylindercontaining 20.0 mL of water, the water level rose to 23.1 mL. What is the densityand identity of the metal? (see Table 3.1)The metals is AlQ2What is the mass of a solution that has a density of 0.775 g/mL and a volume of50.0 mL?Q3What is the volume of a solution that has a specific gravity of 1.2 and a mass of 185 g?

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Q4A pump delivers the following volume of a solution over 4 h.Volume (mL)Time (h)00501.01002.01252.51503.02004.0Prepare a graph to represent the data.

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Pre-Lab Study Questions41.What is the equation for converting a Fahrenheit temperature to a Celsius temperature?2.What is meant by the termspecific heat?Specific heat is the amount of heat (cal or Joules) needed to raise the temperatureof 1.00g of substance by 1.00˚C.3.Why is a measured amount of water needed to determine the specific heat of a metalobject?Since we use the cal gained by the water to find the cal lost by the metal, we need toknow the mass of the water.4.What are the units of specific heat?5.How is the caloric value of a food sample determined?The food is put into a calorimeter sample chamber for a combustion reaction. Thechange in temperature is measured for a given mass of water in the calorimeter.DateNameSectionTeamInstructor

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