Test Bank For Basic Geriatric Nursing, 5e (Wold, Basic Geriatric Nursing), 5th Edition

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Chapter 01: Trends and IssuesWold: Basic Geriatric Nursing, 5th EditionChapter 01: Trends and IssuesTest BankMULTIPLE CHOICE1. The nurse explains that in the late 1960s, health care focus was aimed at the older adult because:a.disability was viewedas unavoidable.b.complications from disease increased mortality.c.older adults’ needs are similar to those of all adults.d.preventive health care practices increased longevity.ANS: DIncreased preventive health care practices, disease control, and focus on wellness helped people livelonger.DIF: Cognitive Level: Comprehension REF: 2 OBJ: 2TOP: Aging Trends KEY: Nursing Process Step: ImplementationMSC: NCLEX: Health Promotion and Maintenance: Growth and Development2. The nurse clarifies that in the terminology defining specific age groups, the termagedrefers topersons who are:a.55 to 64 years of age.b.65 to 74 years of age.c.75 to 84 years of age.d.85 and older.

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ANS: CThe termagedrefers to persons who are 75 to 84 years of age.DIF: Cognitive Level: Comprehension REF: 2, Table 1-1 OBJ: 1TOP: Age Categories KEY: Nursing Process Step: ImplementationMSC: NCLEX: Health Promotion and Maintenance: Growth and Development3. The nurse cautions that “ageism” is a mindset that influences persons to:a.discriminate against persons solely on the basis of age.b.fear aging.c.be culturally sensitive to concerns of aging.d.focus on resources for the older adult.ANS: AAgeism is a negative belief pattern that influences persons to discriminate against persons solely onthe basis of age and can lead to destructive behaviors toward the older adult.DIF: Cognitive Level: Comprehension REF: 5 OBJ: 3TOP: Ageism KEY: Nursing Process Step: ImplementationMSC: NCLEX: Psychosocial Integrity: Psychosocial Adaptation4. The nurse points out that the most beneficial legislation that has influenced health care for theolder adult is:a.Medicare and Medicaid.b.elimination of the mandatory retirement age.c.the Americans with DisabilitiesAct.

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d.the Drug Benefit Program.ANS: AThe broadest sweeping legislation beneficial to the older adult is Medicare and Medicaid.DIF: Cognitive Level: Application REF: 16 OBJ: 6TOP: Legislation KEY: Nursing Process Step: ImplementationMSC: NCLEX: N/A5. The nurse clarifies that a housing option for the older adult that offers the privacy of an apartmentwith restaurant-style meals and some medical and personal care services is the:a.government-subsidized housing.b.long-term care facility.c.assisted-living center.d.group housing plan.ANS: CAssisted-living arrangements offer the privacy of an apartment or condominium with meals preparedand served, limited medical care, and a variety of personal services.DIF: Cognitive Level: Application REF: 14 OBJ: 9TOP: Housing Options KEY: Nursing Process Step: ImplementationMSC: NCLEX: Physiological Integrity: Physiological Adaptation6. The 75-year-old man who has been hospitalized following a severe case of pneumonia isconcerned about his mounting hospital bill and asks if his Medicare coverage will pay for his care.The nurse’s most helpful response is “Yes. Medicare:

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a.pays 100% of all medical costs for persons older than 65.”b.Part B pays hospital costs and physician fees.”c.Part A pays for inpatient hospital costs.”d.Part D pays 80% of the charges made by physicians.”ANS: CMedicare Part A pays inpatient hospital costs, Part B pays 80% of physician’s charges, and Part Dhelps defray prescription drug costs.DIF: Cognitive Level: Application REF: 16 OBJ: 6TOP: Medicare Provisions KEY: Nursing Process Step: ImplementationMSC: NCLEX: Psychosocial Integrity: Coping and Adaptation7. The daughter of a patient who has been diagnosed with terminal cancer asks which documents arerequired to allow her to make health care decisions for her parent. The nurse’s most informativeresponse is:a.“Advance directives indicate the degree of intervention desired by the patient.”b.“A ‘Do Not Resuscitate’ document signed by the patienttransfers authority to the next of kin.”c.“A durable power of attorney for health care transfers decision-making authority for health care to a ded.“A living will transfers authority to the physician.”ANS: CA durable power of attorney for health care transfers the authority for decision making to adesignated person.DIF: Cognitive Level: Application REF: 19 OBJ: 11

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TOP: Advance Directives KEY: Nursing Process Step: ImplementationMSC: NCLEX: Psychosocial Integrity: Coping and Adaptation8. The daughter of a resident in a long-term care facility is frustrated with her 80-year-old mother’srefusal to eat. The nurse explains that the refusal to eat is a behavior that is an:a.effort to maintain a portion of independence and selfdirection.b.indication of approaching Alzheimer disease.c.effort to gain attention.d.indication of the dislike of the institutional food.ANS: ALoss of independence and control is a significant issue for the older adult. Some residents willexercise whatever control they may retain.DIF: Cognitive Level: Application REF: 21 OBJ: 11TOP: Loss of Independence KEY: Nursing Process Step: ImplementationMSC: NCLEX: Psychosocial Integrity: Coping and Adaptation9. The nurse clarifies that the conditions of a living will go into effect when:a.the patient declares that desire in writing.b.a family member indicates the desire for curative therapy to cease.c.two physicians agree in writing that the criteria in the living will have been met.d.the physician and a family member agree that the criteria in the living will have been met.ANS: C

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Two physicians must agree in writing that the criteria of the living will have been met before thedocument can go into effect.DIF: Cognitive Level: Application REF: 19 OBJ: 11TOP: Living Wills KEY: Nursing Process Step: ImplementationMSC: NCLEX: Safe, Effective Care Environment: Coordinated Care10. In the 1980s, Medicare initiated a program of diagnosis-related groups (DRGs) to reduce hospitalcosts by:a.classifying various diagnoses as ineligible for hospitalization.b.allotting a set amount of hospital days and prospective payment on the basis of the admitting diagnosisc.specifying particular physicians to treat specified diagnoses.d.usingfrequency of a particular diagnosis to set a payment schedule.ANS: BDRGs set up a system of preset hospitalization time and payment on the basis of the admittingdiagnosis.DIF: Cognitive Level: Comprehension REF: 16 OBJ: 6TOP: DRGs KEY: Nursing Process Step: N/A MSC: NCLEX: N/A11. When discussing extended care with a patient who has had a hip replacement and needs physicaltherapy, the nurse would recommend a(n):a.basic care facility.b.skilled care facility.c.subacute care facility.

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d.assisted-living residence.ANS: BSkilled care facilities offer not only basic care but also services from trained licensed professionalssuch as nurses, physical therapists, speech therapists, and occupational therapists.DIF: Cognitive Level: Application REF: 16 OBJ: 9TOP: Extended-Care Facilities KEY: Nursing Process Step: ImplementationMSC: NCLEX: Safe, Effective Care Environment: Coordinated Care12. The 80-year-old woman who is recovering from a stroke is being sent to an extended-carefacility. She is concerned about the expense. The nurse can allay anxiety by explaining that Medicarewill cover extended-care facility costs:a.for a period of 30 days.b.for a period of 45 days for physical therapy.c.for a period of 100 days for needed skilledcare.d.until she is able to be discharged home.ANS: CMedicare will cover extended-care costs for 100 days while skilled care is being applied to theresident. After 100 days, the resident must revert to private pay or ancillary long-term care insurance.DIF: Cognitive Level: Application REF: 16 OBJ: 8TOP: Extended Care KEY: Nursing Process Step: ImplementationMSC: NCLEX: Safe, Effective Care Environment: Coordinated Care13. The senior citizen political action group that uses volunteers and lobbyists to advance theinterests of older adults is the:

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a.American Association of Retired Persons (AARP).b.National Council of Senior Citizens (NCSC).c.National Alliance of Senior Citizens (NASC).d.Gray Panthers.ANS: AThe AARP uses volunteers and lobbyists to advance the interests and welfare of older adults.DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge REF: 12 OBJ: 7TOP: Political Action Groups KEY: Nursing Process Step: N/AMSC: NCLEX: N/A14. The nurse gives an example of the caregiver who is guilty of elder abuse as the:a.daughter who uses her mother’s Social Security money to purchase her mother’s medication.b.son who puts an alarm on the front door to prevent his mother from wandering out of the house.c.wife who allows her mentallycompetent husband to refuse to take a bath for a week.d.frail spouse who is unable to bathe or change the clothes of her physically dependent husband.ANS: DUnintentional abuse or neglect can occur when the caregiver lacks the stamina to meet care needs.Even though physically unable, the frail wife is guilty of elder abuse. The wife should seek assistanceto prevent neglect.DIF: Cognitive Level: Analysis REF: 22 OBJ: 13TOP: Elder Abuse KEY: Nursing Process Step: Implementation

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MSC: NCLEX: Physiological Integrity: Basic Care and Comfort15. The nurse cautions that the most frequent response to elder abuse by the abused older adult is:a.anger.b.physical retaliation.c.notification of authorities.d.nothing at all.ANS: DFear of retaliation or abandonment keeps most abused elders silent.DIF: Cognitive Level: Application REF: 25-26 OBJ: 14TOP: Response to Abuse KEY: Nursing Process Step: ImplementationMSC: NCLEX: Psychosocial Integrity: Coping and Adaptation16. Many nurses today do not seek careers in gerontology because:a.the physical work is too difficult.b.their technological skills are not used.c.there is not enough challenge.d.there are limited options for employment.ANS: BMany nurses feel that their technical skills will not be used in the care of the older adult. There aremany employment options that offer challenge and fulfillment.DIF: Cognitive Level: Application REF: 5 OBJ: 2

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TOP: Employment Options KEY: Nursing Process Step: N/AMSC: NCLEX: N/A17. Thenurse clarifies that the term “baby boomers” refers to persons who:a.entered school in 1945.b.served in the military in World War II.c.were born between 1946 and 1964.d.were eligible for Social Security benefits in 2000.ANS: CBaby boomers are those born between 1946 and 1964. The impact of the retirement of this cohort isunprecedented in terms of the impact on society.DIF: Cognitive Level: Comprehension REF: 8 OBJ: 5TOP: Baby boomers KEY: Nursing Process Step: ImplementationMSC: NCLEX: Psychosocial Integrity: Psychosocial Adaptation18. Restraining an older adult in a recliner to prevent wandering is an example of:a.physical abuse.b.neglect.c.emotional abuse.d.self-neglect.ANS: A

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Physical abuse is any action that causes physical pain or injury. Inappropriate use of drugs, force-feeding, physical restraints, or punishment of any kind are examples of physical abuse.DIF: Cognitive Level: Application REF: 23 OBJ: 13TOP: Types of Abuse KEY: Nursing Process Step: N/AMSC: NCLEX: N/A19. Nonprovision of medical care because of lack of finances is an example of:a.physical abuse.b.neglect.c.emotional abuse.d.self-neglect.ANS: BNeglect is a passive form of abuse in which caregivers fail to provide for the needs of the olderperson under their care. Failure to provide necessary medical care may constitute neglect becausewith no means of going to the doctor or pharmacy, the older person may suffer or even die.DIF: Cognitive Level: Application REF: 23 OBJ: 13TOP: Types of Abuse KEY: Nursing Process Step: N/AMSC: NCLEX: N/A20. Health care workers eating a resident’s candy without permission is an example of:a.physical abuse.b.neglect.c.emotional abuse.

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d.self-neglect.ANS: CEmotional abuse is more subtle and difficult to recognize than physical abuse or neglect. It oftenincludes behaviors such as isolating, ignoring, or depersonalizing older adults. Health care workerseating a resident’s candy without permission is an ignorant behavior that can be depersonalizing.DIF: Cognitive Level: Application REF: 23 OBJ: 13TOP: Types of Abuse KEY: Nursing Process Step: N/AMSC: NCLEX: N/AMULTIPLE RESPONSE1. The nurse is aware that a person’s attitude about aging is influenced mainly by his or her__________.(Select all that apply.)a.life experiencesb.income levelc.level of educationd.current agee.occupationANS: A, DA person’s current age and life experiences are the main influences on his or her attitude relative toaging.DIF: Cognitive Level: Comprehension REF: 4 OBJ: 2TOP: Attitudes toward Aging KEY: Nursing Process Step: PlanningMSC: NCLEX: Psychosocial Integrity: Psychosocial Adaptation

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2. Gerontology encompasses application to __________.(Select all that apply.)a.appropriatehousingb.health carec.public educationd.business venturese.government-sponsored pensionsANS: A, B, C, DGerontological concerns extend and influence provision of appropriate housing, health care, publiceducation, business ventures, and political stands relative to the welfare of the older adult.DIF: Cognitive Level: Application REF: 2 OBJ: 1TOP: Gerontology KEY: Nursing Process Step: N/A MSC: NCLEX: N/A3. Medicare Part C allows eligible persons to receive Medicare benefits via the services of privateinsurance companies through the services of a __________.(Select all that apply.)a.health maintenance organization (HMO)b.preferred provider organization (PPO)c.provider-sponsored organization (PSO)d.private fee for serviceorganization (PFFS)e.medical service organization (MSO)ANS: A, B, C, DMedicare Part C allows benefits via the services of managed care organizations. Medical serviceorganization is not one of them.

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DIF: Cognitive Level: Comprehension REF: 17 OBJ: 6TOP: Medicare Part C KEY: Nursing Process Step: N/AMSC: NCLEX: N/A4. The nurse is aware that a family’s emotional response to an aging loved one’s attempts to copewith diminishing abilities and increased care needs would include __________.(Select all thatapply.)a.griefb.angerc.frustrationd.losse.resentmentANS: A, B, C, DAs the family witnesses the decline of a loved one and attempts to respond to the increasing careneeds, the emotional responses are varied and changing. The responses include grief, anger,frustration, loss, and confusion.DIF: Cognitive Level: Application REF: 21 OBJ: 11TOP: Impact of Aging on the Family KEY: Nursing Process Step: PlanningMSC: NCLEX: Psychosocial Integrity: Coping and Adaptation5. The nurse outlines the characteristics of the typical caregiver for an aging family member as__________.(Select all that apply.)a.32 years of ageb.female

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c.having full-time employmentd.having a care recipient older than 70e.giving care for an averageof 18 yearsANS: B, C, D, EThe average age of the caregiver is 46.DIF: Cognitive Level: Application REF: 20 OBJ: 11TOP: Characteristics of Family CaregiverKEY: Nursing Process Step: ImplementationMSC: NCLEX: Health Promotion and Maintenance: Growth and Development6. The nurse reminds a family that indicators of self-neglect in the aging person include__________.(Select all that apply.)a.misbalanced check bookb.reduced personal hygienec.increased alcohol consumptiond.irritabilitye.lossof weightANS: A, B, C, EIndicators may be to manage personal finances, reduced hygiene, substance abuse, and loss of weightdue to inability to obtain adequate food. Irritability is not a consistent characteristic.DIF: Cognitive Level: Application REF: 22 OBJ: 11TOP: Self-Neglect KEY: Nursing Process Step: Implementation

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MSC: NCLEX: Health Promotion and Maintenance: Prevention and Early Detection of Disease7. The nurse reminds a group of prospective caregivers that elder abuse may take the form of__________.(Select all that apply.)a.causing physical harmb.misappropriation of financesc.psychological intimidationd.emotional depersonalizatione.abandonmentANS: A, B, C, D, EElder abuse may take the form of physical injury, misusingthe older person’s finances for personalgain, psychological intimidation, and depersonalization and abandonment.DIF: Cognitive Level: Application REF: 25-26 OBJ: 13TOP: Elder Abuse KEY: Nursing Process Step: ImplementationMSC: NCLEX: Physiological Integrity: Reduction of Risk8. The nurse explains that research done by the National Institute on Aging found that__________.(Select all that apply.)a.older patients receive less information regarding health management than younger patientsb.information on lifestyle changes were directed at younger peoplec.older patients were denied timely appointments for evaluation of acute illnessesd.rehabilitation programs offered limited services to the older adulte.older patients receive lessevaluation and fewer treatment options for acute illnesses

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ANS: A, B, D, EThe study showed there was less information on health management and lifestyle changes.Rehabilitation programs were limited in their service to the older adult, and only 47% of physiciansinterviewed felt the older patient received the same evaluation for acute illnesses.DIF: Cognitive Level: Application REF: 5 OBJ: 2TOP: Attitudes toward Aging KEY: Nursing Process Step: ImplementationMSC: NCLEX: Health Promotion and Maintenance: Prevention and Early Detection of Disease9. The Nursing Competence in Aging initiative advocates enhancing nurses’ __________.(Select allthat apply.)a.knowledge in geronticsb.skills in geriatricsc.opportunities for employmentd.politicalsensitivity for the older adulte.attitudes related to the older adultANS: A, B, EThe Nursing Competence in Aging initiative advocates for all nurses greater knowledge, skills, andbroader attitudes toward the older adult.DIF: Cognitive Level: Comprehension REF: 5 OBJ: 2TOP: Attitudes toward Aging KEY: Nursing Process Step: N/AMSC: NCLEX: N/ACOMPLETION1. The nurse clarifies that the term that refers to the promotion of high-level functioning andsupportive care to older adults is __________.

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ANS: geronticsDIF: Cognitive Level: Comprehension REF: 2 OBJ: 10TOP: Gerontics KEY: Nursing Process Step: ImplementationMSC: NCLEX: Health Promotion and Maintenance: Growth and Development2. The nurse reminds a patient who was born in 1965 that eligibility for full Social Security benefitsfor persons of this age is now the age of __________.ANS: 67DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge REF: 3 OBJ: 2TOP: Change of Social Security BenefitsKEY: Nursing Process Step: ImplementationMSC: NCLEX: Health Promotion and Maintenance: Growth and Development3. The nurse clarifies that the point at which a person on Medicaid Part D must assume full cost ofmedication is called the __________ __________.ANS: donut holeThe “donut hole” is the point at which the insured has used up the $2830 worth of coinsurance fordrugs and must pay the full cost of medication until the amount of out-of-pocket expenses reaches$4550.DIF: Cognitive Level: Comprehension REF: 17 OBJ: 6TOP: Donut Hole KEY: Nursing Process Step: ImplementationMSC: NCLEX: Safe, Effective Care Environment: Coordinated CareChapter 02: Theories of AgingWold: Basic Geriatric Nursing, 5th EditionChapter 02: Theories of AgingTest BankMULTIPLE CHOICE

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1. A theory differs from a fact in that a theory:a.proves how different influences affect a particular phenomenon.b.attempts to explain and give some logical order to observations.c.is a collection of facts about a particular phenomenon.d.shows a relationship among facts about a particularphenomenon.ANS: BA theory is an unproven concept that attempts to explain and give some logical order to observations.For a theory to become a fact, there must be reproducible evidence.DIF: Cognitive Level: Comprehension REF: 28 OBJ: 1TOP: Fact vs. Theory KEY: Nursing Process Step: N/AMSC: NCLEX: N/A2. The biological theory of aging uses a genetic perspective and suggests that aging is a programmedprocess in which:a.each person will age exactly like those in the previous generation.b.a“biological clock” ticks off a predetermined number of cell divisions.c.genetic traits can overcome environmental influences.d.age-related physical changes are controlled only by genetic factors.ANS: BThe biological theory of programmed process suggests that there is a “biologic clock” set with apredetermined number of cell divisions that will occur before the introduction of the aging process.DIF: Cognitive Level: Application REF: 28 OBJ: 2

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TOP: Biological Theory KEY: Nursing Process Step: N/AMSC: NCLEX: N/A3. The Gene Theory of aging proposes that:a.the presence of a “master gene” prolongs youth.b.genes interact with each other to resist aging.c.specific genes target specific body systems to initiate system deterioration.d.the activation of harmful genes initiates the aging process.ANS: DThe Gene Theory suggests that there is an activation of harmful genes that initiate the aging process.DIF: Cognitive Level: Application REF: 28 OBJ: 2TOP: Gene Theory KEY: Nursing Process Step: N/AMSC: NCLEX: N/A4. The theory that identifies an unstable molecule as the causative factor in aging is the _____ theory.a.free radicalb.molecularc.neuroendocrined.crosslinkANS: AThe free radical theory identifies free radicals—unstable molecules—that will cause aging afteraccumulation in the body.

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DIF: Cognitive Level: Application REF: 29 OBJ: 2TOP: Free Radical Theory KEY: Nursing Process Step: N/AMSC: NCLEX: N/A5. The nurse assesses that the patient who uses good health maintenance practices believes in theaging theory known as the _____ theory.a.wear-and-tearb.free radicalc.neuroendocrined.molecularANS: AThe wear-and-tear theory suggests that health maintenance practices will prevent wear and tear onthe cells of the body and will delay the aging process.DIF: Cognitive Level: Analysis REF: 29 OBJ: 2TOP: Wear-and-Tear Theory KEY: Nursing Process Step: AssessmentMSC: NCLEX: Health Promotion and Maintenance: Prevention and Early Detection of Disease6. The nurse describes the neuroendocrine theory of aging as a complex process of:a.relating thyroid function to age-related changes.b.the effects of adrenal corticosteroids, which inhibit the aging process.c.stimulation and/or inhibition of the hypothalamus, causing age-related changes.d.adrenal medulla inhibition of epinephrine, causing age-related changes.

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ANS: CThe neuroendocrine theory proposes that the hypothalamus stimulates or inhibits the pituitary glandto produce hormones that initiate the aging process.DIF: Cognitive Level: Application REF: 29 OBJ: 2TOP: Neuroendocrine Theory KEY: Nursing Process Step: ImplementationMSC: NCLEX: Health Promotion and Maintenance: Prevention and Early Detection of Disease7. The nurse explains that psychosocial theories differ from biologic theories in that psychosocialtheories:a.focus on methods to delay the aging process.b.are directed at decreasing depression in the older adult.c.are organized to enhance the perception of aging.d.attempt to explainresponses to the aging process.ANS: DPsychosocial theories attempt to explain the various responses of persons to the aging process.DIF: Cognitive Level: Comprehension REF: 30 OBJ: 3TOP: Focus of Psychosocial Therapies KEY: Nursing Process Step: ImplementationMSC: NCLEX: Health Promotion and Maintenance: Growth and Development8. The major objection to the disengagement theory is that the theory:a.justifies ageism.b.addresses the diversity of older adults.c.does not clarify the aging process.

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d.diminishes the self-esteem of the older adult.ANS: AThe disengagement theory seems to justify ageism by proposing that there is a mutual desire betweenthe community and the older adult to be disengaged. According to the theory, this desire apparentlydoes not diminish self-esteem because the older adult desires to be disengaged.DIF: Cognitive Level: Application REF: 30 OBJ: 3TOP: Disengagement Theory KEY: Nursing Process Step: N/AMSC: NCLEX: Psychosocial Integrity: Coping and Adaptation9. The 80-year-old who teaches Sunday school every week and delivers food for Meals on Wheels isfollowing _____ theory.a.Newman’s developmentalb.the life coursec.the activityd.the disengagementANS: CPurposeful activity increases self-esteem and maintains cognitive function well into older age.DIF: Cognitive Level: Application REF: 30 OBJ: 3TOP: Activity Theory KEY: Nursing Process Step: N/AMSC: NCLEX: N/A10. The nurse would recognize successful aging according to Jung’s theory when the nurse notes thata resident at a long-term care facility:

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a.takes special care to dress for dinner in a manner that pleases his tablemates.b.asks permission to sit on the patio with other residents.c.asks persons in his hall if his television isbothering them.d.wears a large cowboy hat at all times because he likes it.ANS: DJung describes a successful adjustment to aging as being accepting and valuing of self regardless ofthe view of others.DIF: Cognitive Level: Application REF: 30 OBJ: 3TOP: Jung’s Developmental Theory KEY: Nursing Process Step: EvaluationMSC: NCLEX: Health Promotion and Maintenance: Growth and Development11. The older adult female patient is positive that the free radicallipofuscincan be counteracted by:a.avoidinganimal fat.b.use of antioxidants.c.building up muscle mass.d.outdoor exercise.ANS: BIndividuals who follow this theory believe that free radicals can be reduced by antioxidants such asvitamins A, C, E, zinc, and phytochemicals.DIF: Cognitive Level: Comprehension REF: 29 OBJ: 2TOP: Antioxidants KEY: Nursing Process Step: PlanningMSC: NCLEX: Health Promotion and Maintenance: Prevention and Early Detection of Disease

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12. A recently widowed woman moved to an assisted living community because of her hypertensionand joined a group to learn how to do water color painting with other women her age. The nurseassesses that the patient is following the aging theory of:a.Jung.b.Havighurst.c.Erikson.d.Newmon.ANS: BHavighurst proposes that the process of aging is defined by adjusting to the loss of a spouse,establishing a relationship with one’s own age group, and establishing a satisfactory livingarrangement.DIF: Cognitive Level: Application REF: 30 OBJ: 3TOP: Havighurst KEY: Nursing Process Step: AssessmentMSC: NCLEX: Health Promotion and Maintenance: Prevention and Early Detection of DiseaseMULTIPLE RESPONSE1. The nurse’s list of age-related illnesses thought to cause the accumulation of free radicals includes__________.(Select all that apply.)a.arthritisb.colon cancerc.osteoporosisd.diabetes

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e.atherosclerosisANS: A, D, ECancer and osteoporosis are not considered to be diseases that accumulate free radicals.DIF: Cognitive Level: Application REF: 29 OBJ: 2TOP: Free Radical Influence KEY: Nursing Process Step: ImplementationMSC: NCLEX: Health Promotion and Maintenance: Prevention and Early Detection of Disease2. The nurse emphasizes that the relatively new theory that correlates restricted caloric intake toslowing of the aging process would probably extend the life span of the person, provided that theperson __________.(Select all that apply.)a.consistently eats high-nutrient, low-calorie foodsb.maintains a regular exercise programc.consumes 2000 to3000 mL of fluid a dayd.supports the diet with adequate fat-soluble vitaminse.eats only organically grown foodsANS: A, BThis new theory encourages high-nutrient, low-calorie foods combined with regular exercise to delaythe aging process.DIF: Cognitive Level: Application REF: 30 OBJ: 2TOP: Calorie Restriction Theory KEY: Nursing Process Step: ImplementationMSC: NCLEX: Health Promotion and Maintenance: Prevention and Early Detection of Disease3. The nurse points out that the positive outcomesfrom a “life review,” according to Erikson, wouldinclude __________.(Select all that apply.)

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a.wisdom and integrated self-imageb.comparing self with othersc.understanding self and relationshipsd.seeking another’s opinion of his or herachievemente.acceptance of selfANS: A, C, EAcceptance of self and understanding self and relationships with accumulated wisdom is the goal ofErikson. Seeking the opinion of others suggests that the older adult is experiencing doubt and gloom,which are negative outcomes according to Erikson.DIF: Cognitive Level: Application REF: 30 OBJ: 2TOP: Erikson’s Developmental Theory KEY: Nursing Process Step: ImplementationMSC: NCLEX: Health Promotion and Maintenance: Growth and Development4. When a patient asks what can be done to neutralize the free radicals in his system, the nurseresponds that antioxidant therapy is thought to inhibit free radicals. Antioxidants include__________.(Select all that apply.)a.fruitsb.vegetablesc.organ meatd.folic acide.vitamin DANS: A, B, D

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Antioxidants can be obtained largely from fruits and vegetables. Organ meat and vitamin D are notantioxidants.DIF: Cognitive Level: Comprehension REF: 29 OBJ: 4TOP: Antioxidants KEY: Nursing Process Step: ImplementationMSC: NCLEX: Health Promotion and Maintenance: Prevention and Early Detection of DiseaseCOMPLETION1. The theory that proposes that defects in ribonucleic acid (RNA) protein production cause aprogressive decline in the function of all cells is the __________ theory.ANS: errorThe error theory proposes that errors in ribonucleic acid protein synthesis cause changes such asdecreased muscle mass, increased body fat, and changes in reproductive function.DIF: Cognitive Level: Comprehension REF: 28-29 OBJ: 2TOP: Error Theory KEY: Nursing Process Step: N/AMSC: NCLEX: N/A2. The nurse clarifies that the biologic theory that proposes that aging is based on the using up of afinite number of breaths or heartbeats is the __________ of __________ theory.ANS: rate; livingThe rate of living theory proposes that individuals have a finite number of breaths or heartbeats thatare used up over a period of time.DIF: Cognitive Level: Comprehension REF: 28 OBJ: 2TOP: Rate of Living Theory KEY: Nursing Process Step: ImplementationMSC: NCLEX: Health Promotion and Maintenance: Prevention and Early Detection of DiseaseChapter 03: Physiologic ChangesWold: Basic Geriatric Nursing, 5th EditionChapter 03: Physiologic Changes

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Test BankMULTIPLE CHOICE1. The nurse keeps the environment warmer for older adults because they are more sensitive to coldbecause of the age-related changes in their:a.metabolism rate.b.subcutaneous tissue.c.musculoskeletal system.d.peripheral vascular system.ANS: BThe reduction of subcutaneous tissue as an age-related change causes sensitivity to cold because it isthe main insulator of the body.DIF: Cognitive Level: Application REF: 36 OBJ: 1TOP: Sensitivity to Cold KEY: Nursing Process Step: ImplementationMSC: NCLEX: Physiological Integrity: Physiological Adaptation2. The nurse reassures the distressed 75-year-old male that the wartlike dark macules with distinctborders are not melanomas, but the skin lesions of:a.senile lentigo.b.cutaneous papillomas.c.seborrheic keratoses.d.xerosis.ANS: C

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Dark, slightly raised macules are seborrheic keratoses, which may be mistaken for melanomas.DIF: Cognitive Level: Comprehension REF: 33 OBJ: 1TOP: Seborrheic Keratosis KEY: Nursing Process Step: ImplementationMSC: NCLEX: Physiological Integrity: Physiological Adaptation3. The nurse is accompanying a group of older adults on a July 4th outing to monitor heat prostration.Older adults are intolerant of heat because of an age-related reduction of:a.melanin.b.perspiration.c.body temperature.d.capillary fragility.ANS: BReduction in perspiration related to reduced sweat gland function results in possible heat intolerancefrom an inability to cool the body by evaporation.DIF: Cognitive Level: Analysis REF: 34 OBJ: 2TOP: Heat Intolerance KEY: Nursing Process Step: AssessmentMSC: NCLEX: Physiological Integrity: Physiological Adaptation4. The nurse cautions the CNAs to use care when transferring or handling older adults because theirvascular fragility will cause:a.altered blood pressure.b.pressure ulcers.c.pruritus.

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