Test Bank for Multicultural Law Enforcement: Strategies for Peacekeeping in a Diverse Society, 7th Edition

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Test Bank
for
MULTICULTURAL LAW
ENFORCEMENT:
STRATEGIES FOR PEACEKEEPING IN A DIVERSE
SOCIETY
Seventh Edition
Robert M. Shusta • Deena R. Levine • Aaron T. Olson

iv
CONTENTS
Testbank Word Exports
Chapter 1 Multicultural Communities: Challenges for Law Enforcement 64
Chapter 2 The Changing Law Enforcement Agency: A Microcosm of Society 71
Chapter 3 Multicultural Representation in Law Enforcement: Recruitment,
Retention, and Promotion 79
Chapter 4 Cross-Cultural Communication for Law Enforcement 86
Chapter 5 Law Enforcement Contact with Asian/Pacific Americans 93
Chapter 6 Law Enforcement Contact with African Americans 100
Chapter 7 Law Enforcement Contact with Latino/Hispanic Americans 106
Chapter 8 Law Enforcement Contact with Arab Americans and Other
Middle Eastern Groups 112
Chapter 9 Law Enforcement Contact with Native Americans 119
Chapter 10 Law Enforcement Contact with Gangs, Victims of Human
Trafficking, the Homeless, and the Mentally Ill 126
Chapter 11 Hate/Bias Crimes 135
Chapter 12 Racial Profiling 146

64
TESTBANK
Chapter 1 Multicultural Communities: Challenges for
Law Enforcement
1.1 Multiple Choice Questions
1) Acquiring cultural competence includes:
A) exploration of officers' belief systems and biases
B) awareness of an officer's perspectives and perceptions
C) increased communication skills leading to effective rapport building
D) all of the above
Answer: D
Page Ref: 4
Objective: Discuss the impact of diversity on law enforcement and the
corresponding need for community policing and outreach programs
Level: Easy
2) The Chinese Exclusion Act in 1882 denied Chinese Laborers the right to
enter:
A) Europe
B) Africa
C) America
D) Asia
Answer: C
Page Ref: 9
Objective: Understand past and current reactions to the U.S. multicultural
society
Level: Easy
3) What are the dimensions of diversity that influence the personal and
professional lives of law enforcement personnel?
A) primary
B) secondary
C) both
D) none
Answer: C
Page Ref: 29-30
Objective: List the primary and secondary dimensions of diversity as well as
generational differences among immigrant and ethnic groups
Level: Intermediate

65
4) A judgment or opinion formed before facts are known, usually involving
negative or unfavorable thoughts about groups of people is known as:
A) stereotype
B) prejudice
C) hate
D) bias
Answer: B
Page Ref: 32
Objective: Apply the concepts of stereotyping, prejudice and implicit bias to
police work
Level: Intermediate
1.2 True/False Questions
1) To blame one's failures and shortcomings on innocent people or those only
partly responsible is bias.
Answer: FALSE
Page Ref: 32
Objective: Apply the concepts of stereotyping, prejudice and implicit bias to
police work
Level: Easy
2) The act — intentional and unintentional — of applying or incorporating
personal, social, or organizational biases and/or stereotypes in decision-
making, police actions, or the administration of justice is bias-based policing.
Answer: TRUE
Page Ref: 32
Objective: Apply the concepts of stereotyping, prejudice and implicit bias to
police work
Level: Easy
3) An example of a secondary dimension is educational level.
Answer: TRUE
Page Ref: 29
Objective: List the primary and secondary dimensions of diversity as well as
generational differences among immigrant and ethnic groups
Level: Intermediate
4) Gender is another example of a secondary dimension of diversity.
Answer: FALSE
Page Ref: 29
Objective: List the primary and secondary dimensions of diversity as well as
generational differences among immigrant and ethnic groups
Level: Intermediate

66
5) A heterogeneous society is one that is diverse, and frequently refers to racial
and ethnic composition.
Answer: TRUE
Page Ref: 11
Objective: Summarize key demographic trends in United States related to
growth of minority and foreign-born populations in the United States
Level: Easy
6) A group that is larger in number that constitutes a whole part of a
population and may be subjected to differential treatment is a minority
group.
Answer: FALSE
Page Ref: 12
Objective: Summarize key demographic trends in United States related to
growth of minority and foreign-born populations in the United States
Level: Easy
7) Hispanic is considered a race.
Answer: FALSE
Page Ref: 11
Objective: Summarize key demographic trends in United States related to
growth of minority and foreign-born populations in the United States
Level: Easy
8) An individual admitted to the United States as a lawful permanent resident
is an immigrant.
Answer: TRUE
Page Ref: 14
Objective: Provide an understanding of aspects of immigration to the United
States
Level: Intermediate
9) A refugee is any person who is outside his or her country of nationality who
is unable or unwilling to return to that country because of persecution or a
well-founded fear of persecution.
Answer: TRUE
Page Ref: 13
Objective: Provide an understanding of aspects of immigration to the United
States
Level: Easy
10) There are three major groups of undocumented or unauthorized immigrants
within the U.S. borders.
Answer: FALSE
Page Ref: 17

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67
Objective: Provide an understanding of aspects of immigration to the United
States
Level: Intermediate
11) The word "multiculturalism" refers to a movement or political force.
Answer: FALSE
Page Ref: 4
Objective: Discuss the impact of diversity on law enforcement and the
corresponding need for community policing and outreach programs
Level: Easy
12) The terms "mosaic" and "tapestry" are more accurate descriptions of
America's multicultural society than the term "melting pot."
Answer: TRUE
Page Ref: 10
Objective: Understand past and current reactions to the U.S. multicultural
society
Level: Intermediate
13) Changes in population characteristics were insignificant between 1990 and
2000.
Answer: FALSE
Page Ref: 10
Objective: Understand past and current reactions to the U.S. multicultural
society
Level: Easy
14) Prejudice that is unchecked and acted on can result in all of the following:
citizen humiliation, lawsuits, loss of jobs, and long-term damage to police-
community relations.
Answer: TRUE
Page Ref: 34
Objective: Apply the concepts of stereotyping, prejudice and implicit bias to
police work
Level: Easy
15) When people have implicit biases, it means that they are consciously aware
of the prejudices they hold.
Answer: FALSE
Page Ref: 33-34
Objective: Apply the concepts of prejudice and stereotyping to everyday police
work.
Level: Intermediate

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68
1.3 Fill in the Blank Questions
1) ________ has enriched our nation, but has also made many police
procedures and interactions with individuals more complex.
Answer: Diversity
Page Ref: 5
Objective: Discuss the impact of diversity on law enforcement and the
corresponding need for community policing and outreach programs
Level: Intermediate
2) (Two-word answer) ________ is under a powerful microscope in terms of how
citizens are treated.
Answer: Law enforcement
Page Ref: 5
Objective: Discuss the impact of diversity on law enforcement and the
corresponding need for community policing and outreach programs
Level: Intermediate
3) A(n) ________ dimension is a core characteristic with which a person is born
that remains with the individual in all stages of his or her life.
Answer: primary
Page Ref: 29
Objective: List the primary and secondary dimensions of diversity as well as
generational differences among immigrant and ethnic groups
Level: Easy
4) According to Loden, people have a minimum of ________ primary
dimensions.
Answer: six
Page Ref: 29
Objective: List the primary and secondary dimensions of diversity as well as
generational differences among immigrant and ethnic groups
Level: Easy
5) If ________ occurs, police departments will be subjected to adverse media
attention, lawsuits, citizen complaints, human relations commission
involvement, or dismissal of the chief or other management.
Answer: discrimination
Page Ref: 35
Objective: Apply the concepts of stereotyping, prejudice and implicit bias to
everyday police work
Level: Intermediate

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69
6) ________ is the beliefs, habits, attitudes, values, and patterns of thinking,
behavior, and everyday customs that have been passed on from generation to
generation.
Answer: Culture
Page Ref: 26
Objective: Define "culture" and "ethnocentrism" and discuss their relevance in
law enforcement
Level: Intermediate
7) ________, from the beginning, has been fundamental to the creation and
growth of the U.S.
Answer: Immigration
Page Ref: 14
Objective: Provide an understanding of aspects of immigration to the United
States
Level: Easy
8) An estimated ________ percent of European immigrants, or 2.1 million
people, were born in Eastern Europe.
Answer: 44
Page Ref: 16
Objective: Provide an understanding of aspects of immigration to the United
States
Level: Easy
1.4 Essay Questions
1) How can the six primary dimensions of diversity contribute to being
advantaged or disadvantaged in the workforce or society?
Answer: Answers should include an explanation of the individuals' age,
ethnicity, gender, mental/physical abilities and characteristics, race, and sexual
orientation and how they can affect job performance.
Page Ref: 29-30
Objective: List the primary and secondary dimensions of diversity as well as
generational differences among immigrant and ethnic groups
Level: Hard
2) How is culture a learned behavior?
Answer: Children receive a general cultural orientation by the time they are five
or six years old.
Page Ref: 26-27
Objective: Define "culture" and "ethnocentrism" and discuss their relevance in
law enforcement
Level: Intermediate

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70
3) How can community policing outreach programs help to break down mutual
stereotypes held by both police officers and community members? Give
examples of programs of which you are aware.
Answer: Answers will vary.
Page Ref: 6-7
Objective: Discuss the impact of diversity on law enforcement and the
corresponding need for community policing and outreach programs
Level: Intermediate
4) Explain how implicit biases can influence decision-making in law
enforcement work.
Answer: Biases are powerful and unconscious. Decision-making in law
enforcement is often quick and results in instantaneous action.
Page Ref: 32-34
Objective: Apply the concepts of stereotyping, prejudice and implicit bias to
everyday police work
Level: Hard
5) What role do both police leadership and management play in helping
officers challenge peers' expressions of prejudice and acts of discrimination
within the law enforcement workforce?
Answer: Consider training, mandating change and police culture as they relate to
messaging, policy and training intended to create a discrimination-free
workplace.
Page Ref: 34-36
Objective: Describe ways that law enforcement leaders and managers can
produce bias-free policing in a multicultural society.
Level: Hard

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71
Chapter 2 The Changing Law Enforcement Agency: A
Microcosm of Society
2.1 Multiple Choice Questions
1) A nationally representative census of law enforcement agencies, including
organizations at the city, county, state, and federal levels, is conducted how
often by the Bureau of Justice Statistics?
A) every six years
B) every four years
C) every year
D) every ten years
Answer: B
Page Ref: 45
Objective: Identify how ethnic, racial, and gender composition of law
enforcement agencies is changing in the United States
Level: Easy
2) A total rejection of others by reason of race, color, or sometimes, more
broadly, culture is defined as:
A) racism
B) prejudice
C) stereotype
D) bias
Answer: A
Page Ref: 47
Objective: Define racism and understand the steps managers and supervisors can
take to identify and control prejudicial conduct by employees
Level: Easy
3) The following are examples of institutional racism:
A) old textbooks in predominately black schools
B) unpaved roads in predominately black neighborhoods
C) pre-employment standardized tests
D) all of the above
Answer: D
Page Ref: 48
Objective: Define racism and understand the steps managers and supervisors can
take to identify and control prejudicial conduct by employees
Level: Intermediate
4) What is the most commonly used term for homosexual woman?
A) bisexual
B) lesbian

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72
C) gay
D) transgender
Answer: B
Page Ref: 302-303
Objective: Define LGBTQ and gender identity
Level: Easy
5) There are three major types of racism. Which of the following is NOT one of
the types outlined in the chapter?
A) Personally mediated
B) Institutional
C) Blatant
D) Internalized
Answer: C
Page Ref: 47
Objective: Define racism and understand the steps managers and supervisors can
take to identify and control prejudicial conduct by employees
Level: Intermediate
6) Captain Ewins suggests that implicit and/or explicit bias may be responsible
for the relatively low numbers of LGBT employee hiring. The biases can
manifest in which of the following ways?
A) Older officers involved in the hiring/screening process may have deeply held
anti-LGBTQ biases.
B) Psychologist or polygraph operators may have anti-LGBTQ biases.
C) Candidate Interviewers may hold anti-LGBTQ biases.
D) All of the above
Answer: D
Page Ref: 64
Objective: Explain the role of police department leadership in providing a
workplace environment that is inclusive of all employees
Level: Intermediate
7) Which of the following is NOT an example of sexual or gender harassment in
the workplace?
A) unwelcome sexual behavior, such as jokes, cartoons, posters, banter,
repeated requests for dates, and requests for sexual favors
B) supervisor asking employee to perform sexual acts in return for a job benefit
C) comments such as "women should stay home and have babies and leave
policing to real men"
D) assignments to jobs or programs that are considered "traditionally women's"
instead of the non-traditional positions such as SWAT teams, K-9, gang
units, narcotics, etc.
Answer: D

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73
Page Ref: 56
Objective: Explain the history of women in law enforcement and the issues
confronting them
Level: Intermediate
8) The term "minority" is problematic. One reason for this is:
A) the term connotes superiority
B) the term suggests multiculturalism
C) the term does not reflect demographic majorities in certain cities/regions
D) "minority" means diversity
Answer: C
Page Ref: 43
Objective: Identify how ethnic, racial, and gender composition of law
enforcement agencies is changing in the United States
Level: Easy
9) According to Captain Teresa Ewins, female officers are less quick to
confront physically for which of the following reasons:
A) preference for negotiation and persuasion
B) communication skills
C) less tendency toward "machismo"
D) all of the above
Answer: D
Page Ref: 59
Objective: Explain the history of women in law enforcement and the issues
confronting them
Level: Intermediate
2.2 True/False Questions
1) Gay is a term that only refers to male homosexuals.
Answer: FALSE
Page Ref: 302-303
Objective: Define LGBTQ and gender identity
Level: Easy
2) A bisexual identifies as a different gender from the gender assigned at birth.
Answer: FALSE
Page Ref: 302-303
Objective: Define LGBTQ and gender identity
Level: Easy
3) It is not an especially wise management practice to recognize and reward
patrol officers for their ability to work with and within a diverse community.
Answer: FALSE

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74
Page Ref: 71
Objective: Explain the role of police department leadership in providing a
workplace environment that is inclusive of all employees
Level: Intermediate
4) The supervisory and management team must take the lead and demonstrate
commitment in a diverse workforce.
Answer: TRUE
Page Ref: 71
Objective: Explain the role of police department leadership in providing a
workplace environment that is inclusive of all employees
Level: Easy
5) A nontraditional occupation for women is defined as one in which women
comprise 40 percent or less of total employment.
Answer: FALSE
Page Ref: 53
Objective: Explain the history of women in law enforcement and the issues
confronting them
Level: Intermediate
6) Women hired as police officers during the early years were given duties that
did not allow them to work street patrol.
Answer: TRUE
Page Ref: 54
Objective: Explain the history of women in law enforcement and the issues
confronting them
Level: Intermediate
7) For law enforcement to maintain the support and trust of any community, it
is essential that the organization reflect the diversity of the area it serves.
Answer: TRUE
Page Ref: 45
Objective: Identify how ethnic, racial, and gender composition of law
enforcement agencies is changing in the United States
Level: Easy
8) Reactions to society's demographic changes as a whole are similar to those of
reactions in law enforcement agencies.
Answer: TRUE
Page Ref: 43
Objective: Identify how ethnic, racial, and gender composition of law
enforcement agencies is changing in the United States
Level: Easy

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75
9) Frustration and resentment do not result among citizens when law
enforcement agencies fail to recognize diversity in communities.
Answer: FALSE
Page Ref: 45
Objective: Identify how ethnic, racial, and gender composition of law
enforcement agencies is changing in the United States
Level: Easy
10) There is no particular advantage to being a female officer.
Answer: FALSE
Page Ref: 59
Objective: Explain the history of women in law enforcement and the issues
confronting them
Level: Easy
11) Women have won the "gender battle" in law enforcement and have achieved
parity in most U.S. law enforcement agencies.
Answer: FALSE
Page Ref: 44
Objective: Explain the history of women in law enforcement and the issues
confronting them
Level: Easy
12) Racism does not exist within law enforcement organizations because of the
phenomenon of "the brotherhood."
Answer: FALSE
Page Ref: 44
Objective: Define racism and understand the steps managers and supervisors can
take to identify and control prejudicial conduct by employees
Level: Easy
13) Discrimination based on a person's gender identity and sexual orientation
occurs primarily in government workplaces, and not in the private sector.
Answer: FALSE
Page Ref: 66
Objective: Explain the role of police department leadership in providing a
workplace environment that is inclusive of all employees
Level: Easy
14) As of 2017, 20 states had laws banning discrimination based solely on sexual
orientation.
Answer: TRUE
Page Ref: 66
Objective: Explain the role of police department leadership in providing a
workplace environment that is inclusive of all employees

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76
Level: Easy
15) Men and women generally view their roles as police officers in similar ways.
Answer: FALSE
Page Ref: 59
Objective: Explain the history of women in law enforcement and the issues
confronting them
Level: Easy
2.3 Fill in the Blank Questions
1) (Two-word answer) According to Sergeant Ken Carlson and Captain Teresa
Ewins, ________ against gays and lesbians is far less common than it used to
be, but is, nevertheless, still expressed in subtle ways.
Answer: explicit bias
Page Ref: 63
Objective: Explain what law enforcement executives need to do in order to
convey zero tolerance for and disciplinary action in response to discrimination
based on sexual orientation
Level: Easy
2) Police departments reflect society and, in this way are ________ of the larger
society.
Answer: microcosms
Page Ref: 44-45
Objective: Explain what law enforcement executives need to do in order to
convey zero tolerance for and disciplinary action in response to discrimination
based on sexual orientation
Level: Intermediate
3) (Two-word answer) Officers who apply ________ under the law break the
oath they took and subject their department to lawsuits.
Answer: unequal justice
Page Ref: 47
Objective: Define racism and understand the steps managers and supervisors can
take to identify and control prejudicial conduct by employees
Level: Easy
4) ________ is the common abbreviation for lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender
and queer.
Answer: LGBTQ
Page Ref: 302-303
Objective: Define LGBTQ and gender identity
Level: Intermediate

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