USMLE Step 2 CK Lecture Notes 2019: Pediatrics (2019)

Name: USMLE Step 2 CK Lecture Notes 2019: Pediatrics (2019)
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USMLE® STEP 2 CK: PEDIATRICS
Lecture Notes

Table of Contents
USMLE Step 2 CK Lecture Notes 2019: Pediatrics
Cover
Title Page
Copyright
Editors
Feedback Page
Chapter 1: The Newborn
Apgar Score
Birth Injuries
Physical Examination: Normal Findings
Newborn Screening
Fetal Growth and Maturity
Specific Disorders
Infections
Substance Abuse and Neonatal Withdrawal
Chapter 2: Genetics/Dysmorphology
Abnormalities of Chromosomes
Early Overgrowth with Associated Defects
Unusual Brain and/or Neuromuscular Findings with Associated Defects
Facial Features as the Major Defect
Osteochondrodysplasias
Connective Tissue Disorders
Environmental Agents
Miscellaneous Sequences
Miscellaneous Associations
Chapter 3: Growth and Nutrition
Childhood Growth
Disorders of Growth
Feeding
Breast Feeding
Solids
Chapter 4: Development
Overview
Primitive Reflexes and Developmental Milestones
Chapter 5: Behavioral/Psychological Disorders
Eating Disorders
Elimination Disorders
Sleep Disorders
Chapter 6: Immunizations
Active Immunizations
Active Immunization after Disease Exposure
Specific Vaccines (Routine Vaccinations)

Chapter 7: Child Abuse and Neglect
Introduction
Physical Abuse
Sexual Abuse
Chapter 8: Respiratory Disease
Acute Inflammatory Upper Airway Obstruction
Congenital Anomalies of the Larynx
Airway Foreign Body
Inflammatory Disorders of the Small Airways
Pneumonia
Cystic Fibrosis (CF)
Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS)
Chapter 9: Allergy and Asthma
Allergies
Asthma
Chapter 10: Immune-Mediated Disease
Evaluation of Suspected Immune Deficiency
Specific Defects
Other Immune Deficiencies
Chapter 11: Disorders of the Eye
Abnormalities of the Eye Structures
Eye Injuries
Periorbital versus Orbital Cellulitis
Chapter 12: Disorders of the Ear, Nose, and Throat .
Ears
Nose and Throat
Chapter 13: Cardiology
Cardiac Evaluation and Congenital Heart Lesions
Pediatric Heart Sounds and Innocent Murmurs
Left to Right Shunts
Stenotic Lesions
Right to Left Shunts (Cyanotic Lesions)
Mixed Lesions
Regurgitant Lesions
Other Cardiac Pathology
Hypertension
Chapter 14: Gastrointestinal Disease
Oral Cavity
Gastroenteritis
Vomiting
Hematochezia
Constipation
Chapter 15: Renal and Urologic Disorders
Urinary Tract Infection (UTI)
Vesicoureteral Reflux (VUR)
Obstructive Uropathy
Diseases Presenting Primarily with Hematuria

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Polycystic Kidney Disease
Diseases Presenting with Proteinuria
Male Genitourinary Disorders
Chapter 16: Endocrine Disorders
Pituitary Disorders
Thyroid Disorders
Parathyroid Disorders
Adrenal Disorders
Diabetes Mellitus
Chapter 17: Orthopedic Disorders
Disorders of the Hip
Intoeing
Disorders of the Knee
Disorders of the Spine
Disorders of the Upper Limb
Osteomyelitis and Septic Arthritis
Osteogenesis Imperfecta
Bone Tumors
Chapter 18: Rheumatic and Vasculitic Disorders
Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis (JIA)
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE)
Neonatal Lupus
Kawasaki Disease
Henoch-Schönlein Purpura (HSP)
Chapter 19: Hematology
Anemias of Inadequate Production
Congenital Anemias
Acquired Anemias
Megaloblastic Anemias
Hemolytic Anemias
Hemoglobin Disorders
Thalassemias
Hemorrhagic Disorders
Platelet Disorders
Chapter 20: Oncology
Leukemia and Lymphoma
Brain Tumors
Other Malignancies
Chapter 21: Neurology
Central Nervous System (CNS) Anomalies
Seizures
Neurocutaneous Syndromes
Encephalopathies
Neurodegenerative Disorders
Neuromuscular Disease
Chapter 22: Infectious Disease
Meningitis

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USMLE® is a joint program of the Federation of State Medical Boards (FSMB) and the National Board of Medical Examiners (NBME),
neither of which sponsors or endorses this product.
This publication is designed to provide accurate information in regard to the subject matter covered as of its publication date, with the
understanding that knowledge and best practice constantly evolve. The publisher is not engaged in rendering medical, legal, accounting, or
other professional service. If medical or legal advice or other expert assistance is required, the services of a competent professional should be
sought. This publication is not intended for use in clinical practice or the delivery of medical care. To the fullest extent of the law, neither the
Publisher nor the Editors assume any liability for any injury and/or damage to persons or property arising out of or related to any use of the
material contained in this book.
© 2018 by Kaplan, Inc.
Published by Kaplan Medical, a division of Kaplan, Inc.
750 Third Avenue
New York, NY 10017
All rights reserved under International and Pan-American Copyright Conventions. By payment of the required fees, you have been granted the
non-exclusive, non-transferable right to access and read the text of this eBook on screen. No part of this text may be reproduced, transmitted,
downloaded, decompiled, reverse engineered, or stored in or introduced into any information storage and retrieval system, in any form or by
any means, whether electronic or mechanical, now known or hereinafter invented, without the express written permission of the publisher.
ISBN-13: 978-1-5062-3629-2

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APGAR SCORE
A newborn infant at birth is noted to have acrocyanosis, heart rate 140/min, and grimaces to
stimulation. She is active and has a lusty cry. What is her Apgar score?
Table 1-1. Apgar Scoring System
Evaluation 0 Points 1 Point 2 Points
Heart rate 0 <100/min >100/min
Respiration None Irregular, shallow, gasps Crying
Color Blue Pale, blue extremities Pink
Tone None Weak, passive Active
Reflex irritability None Facial grimace Active withdrawal
Apgar scores are routinely assessed at 1 and 5 minutes, and every 5 minutes thereafter as long as
resuscitation is continuing.
In general, the Apgar score is not predictive of outcome; however, infants with score 0−3 at ≥5 minutes
compared to infants with score 7−10 have a worse neurologic outcome.
The 1-minute score gives an idea of what was going on during labor and delivery.
The 5-minute score gives an idea of response to therapy (resuscitation).

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USMLE Step 2 CK Lecture Notes 2019: Pediatrics (2019)

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