Violence: The Enduring Problem Second Edition Test Bank

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Alvarez and Bachman,
Violence: The Enduring Problem
2nd Edition
Instructor Resource
1. Sam Hose was a victim of lynching because
*a. he was Black and killed his White employer
b. he was Black and raped a White woman
c. he was White and supported Black voting rights
d. none of the above
2. The greater the social distance between the social audience and the
victim (relative to the social distance between the social audience and
the perpetrator), the more likely a particular act of violence will be
*a. perceived negatively
b. perceived positively
c. ignored
d. none of the above
3. The sociologist Jack Katz, argues that many perpetrators see their
violence as a form of
a. self help
*b. righteous slaughter
c. divine vengeance
d. homicidal rage
e. running amok
4. The suggestion that legitimate forms of violence influence
illegitimate forms of violence is known as the
*a. spillover theory
b. influence theory
c. devaluation theory
d. multiple spheres theory
e. legitimation theory
5. All violence is
a. evil
b. tolerated
*c. connected
d. useful

6. Which of the following is not a necessary element that needs to be
considered when formulating a definition of violence?
a. the degree and type of injury
b. the intent of the participants
*c. the legality of the act
d. the causes of and motivations and justifications for the
behavior
e. the object of the attack
7. The perception of whether or not an act is considered one of
violence changes depending on
a. the audience
b. those involved
c. the circumstances
*d. all of the above
e. none of the above
8. Which of the following countries has the highest murder rate?
a. Canada
b. Japan
c. Italy
*d. U.S.
9. The legitimacy or illegitimacy of an act of violence is found in
a. the intrinsic quality of the act
*b. the perception of the act
c. the physical nature of the act
d. the morality of the act
10. When violence is used as a means to an end such as found in many
robberies, it is often classified as an example of
a. expressive violence
b. structural violence
c. collective violence
*d. instrumental violence
e. defensive violence
11. According to Iadicola and Shupe, discriminatory social arrangements
such as racism can be defined as
a. expressive violence
b. interpersonal violence

c. institutional violence
*d. structural violence
e. instrumental violence
12. The greater the social distance between the victim and the
perpetrator, the more likely a particular act of violence will be
a. perceived negatively
b. perceived positively
c. ignored
*d. none of the above
13. The greater the social distance between the social audience and the
victim (relative to the social distance between the social audience and
the perpetrator), the more likely a particular act of violence will be
a. perceived negatively
b. perceived positively
*c. ignored
d. none of the above
14. When violence is simply an expression of rage, anger, and/or
frustration, it is often classified as an example of
*a. expressive violence
b. structural violence
c. collective violence
d. instrumental violence
e. defensive violence
15. Which of these factors does NOT shape the context and perception of
violence:
a. location of violence
*b. intended outcome of violence
c. rationale for the violence
d. the victim
e. the offender
16. An example of institutional violence is:
a. rape
b. assault
c. robbery
*d. lethal injection
e. vehicular manslaughter

17. Identify the scholar(s) who defined violence as, "any action or
structural arrangement that results in physical or nonphysical harm to
one or more persons"
*a. Iadicola and Shupe
b. Weiner, Zahn, and Sagi
c. Bartol and Bartol
d. Kennedy and Forde
e. Berkowitz
18. The Uniform Crime Reporting Program is complied by which
organization/agency?
a. Department of Homeland Security
b. Central Intelligence Agency
c. New York City Police Department
*d. Federal Bureau of Investigation
e. Bureau of Justice Statistics
19. Researchers interested in offending behavior will extract the most
accurate information from which data collection methodology?
a. focus groups
*b. survey methodology
c. official reports
d. courtroom observation
20. Which of the following phenomena is NOT an example or outcome of
how everyday exposure to violence shapes our lives?
a. avoidance strategies
b. warfare
c. gaming
d. media broadcasts
*e. increased sense of safety
21. All violence is connected by a web of actions and behaviors, ideas,
perceptions, and justifications.
*a. True
b. False
22. Nations that rely on the death penalty and use violence in socially
approved settings may also provide an implicit justification for
illegitimate forms of violence and homicide in other settings.
*a. True
b. False

23. Instrumental violence is motivated emotions such as rage and
jealousy.
a. True
*b. False
24. The Uniform Crime Reporting Program features official arrest data
from state and local law enforcement agencies.
*a. True
b. False
25. The further the social distance between a violent act and the
person perceiving it (violence occurring in public rather than in one's
home), the more like likely that witness is to condemn the violence.
*a. True
b. False
26. Interpersonal violence concerns violent behaviors that are
perpetrated in organizational settings.
a. True
*b. False
27. Structural violence is all about inequality and discriminatory
social arrangements in society.
*a. True
b. False
28. The National Crime Victimization Survey solicits responses from
household members as young as 5 years old.
a. True
*b. False
29. Explain how all violence is bound into what is called the "unity of
human aggression?"
30. What are the strengths and weaknesses of the Uniform Crime Report
and the National Crime Victimization Survey?

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Alvarez and Bachman,
Violence: The Enduring Problem
2nd Edition
Instructor Resource
1. Genetically, humans are closest to:
*a. chimpanzees
b. gorillas
c. bonobos
d. orangutans
e. it depends upon the particular human
2. Violence has been linked with:
a. progesterone
*b. serotonin
c. insulin
d. estrogen
3. The evidence on testosterone suggests that:
a. testosterone causes violence
*b. testosterone is connected with violence, but not necessarily
causally
c. testosterone has no relationship with violence
d. none of the above
4. Some biologists/criminologists suggest that violence can be linked
with:
a. height
b. weight
*c. brain injuries
d. foot size
e. facial hair
5. Which of the following tends to have the lowest levels of
testosterone?
a. high level violent inmates
b. high level non-violent inmates
c. winning athletes
*d. losing athletes

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6. Which of the following is not a characteristic of the anti-Social
personality disorder?
a. pathological lying
b. lack of remorse or guilt
c. narcissism
*d. good impulse control
e. lack of empathy
7. Various studies have shown that chronically violent offenders are
much more likely to have:
a. low levels of testosterone
b. high levels of serotonin
c. a great deal of patience
*d. brain trauma/injury
8. According to the frustration-aggression hypothesis, which of the
following factors increase the likelihood of a violent reaction?
a. the frustration was unintentionally caused
b. the hindrance was perceived as being fair
*c. the presence of aggressive stimuli such as aggressive music
d. the presence of an audience
9. Low levels of serotonin have been linked with:
a. depression
b. impulsive acts of violence
c. suicide
d. anxiety
*e. all of the above
10. Chimpanzees engage in:
a. murder
b. rape
c. raiding
d. all of the above
*e. none of the above
11. The argument that suggests when a person is blocked from achieving
something they want, becomes upset and may possibly subsequently react
violently is known as:
a. stress hypothesis
b. evolutionary hypothesis
*c. frustration-aggression hypothesis
d. differential association hypothesis

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12. Phrenology is the study of:
a. extra hormones
b. genetics
c. chemical imbalances
*d. skull shapes
e. body shapes
13. An atavism is:
a. a person who conforms
b. a chemical imbalance
c. a person with a misshapen skull
*d. an evolutionary throwback
14. The doctrine of atavisms was created by:
*a. Cesare Lombroso
b. Cesare Beccaria
c. Franz Gall
d. Gabrial Tarde
15. According to the frustration-aggression hypothesis, which of the
following factors increase the likelihood of a violent reaction?
a. the frustration was unintentionally caused
b. the hindrance was perceived as being fair
*c. the presence of aggressive stimuli such as aggressive music
d. the presence of an audience
16. In order to explain the high rates of violence in minority
neighborhoods, some have suggested that the elevated rates of violence
are due to:
*a. the effects of chronic stress
b. a lack of education
c. bad moral character
d. genetic deficiencies
17. According to Merton, much violence may be due to which of the
following adaptations:
a. conformity
b. retreatism
c. ritualism
*d. innovation

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18. Merton's theory is often referred to as the theory of differential:
*a. opportunity
b. ambition
c. poverty
d. association
19. Which of the following is NOT an element of Elijah Anderson's "code
of the street" argument?
a. strong sense of personal honor
*b. rising to the ranks of drug kingpin
c. guarding against person affronts and insults
d. responding violently to acts that challenge respect
20. Which of the following is NOT a means through which social learning
theorists believe that people learn behavior?
a. conditioning
b. reinforcement
*c. originality
d. modeling
e. imitation
21. Biological explanation for crime and deviance provides much of the
justification for the Eugenics Movement.
*a. True
b. False
22. The relationship between violence and testosterone is causal.
a. True
*b. False
23. Absolute Deprivation explains the link between violence and
poverty.
a. True
*b. False
24. "Code of the Street" is a cultural adaptation in the face of
overwhelming alienation and racism.
*a. True
b. False

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25. The intergenerational transmission of violence stems from exposure
to violence that we witness in on television.
a. True
*b. False
26. Gottfredson and Hirschi posit that criminality is linked to low
self-control.
*a. True
b. False
27. According to Sampson and Laub, individuals with weak attachments to
family and school have no trouble at all developing strong positive
relationships and getting a good job later in life.
a. True
*b. False
28. Participants of collective violence are well are acting with reason
and instead of emotion.
a. True
*b. False
29. Messner and Rosenfeld argue that anomie is the "deregulation of
both the goals that people are encouraged to aspire to, and the means
that are regarded as acceptable in the pursuit of these goals." How
might bolstering support for achieving goals in institutional domains
outside of the economy help to mitigate the effects of institutional
anomie?
30. What is the connection between manhood as Elijah Anderson conceives
of it in "Code of the Streets" and Merton's "innovator" adaptation?
31. Discuss the connection between one biological/ethological and one
sociological explanation for violent behavior. How might one impact the
other?

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Alvarez and Bachman,
Violence: The Enduring Problem
2nd Edition
Instructor Resource
1. Murder is most commonly perpetrated with:
*a. handguns
b. rifles and shotguns
c. knives
d. hands and feet
2. Why are guns used so often in American homicides?
a. they are available
b. they are easy to use
c. they are lethal
*d. all of the above
e. none of the above
3. Which of the following is not a variable that affects the role of
guns in homicides?
a. Lethality of the weapon
b. Ease of use
c. Availability
*d. Caliber of the weapon
e. Accuracy of the weapon
4. The production of mainstream weaponry has increasingly moved away
from revolvers to the production of:
*a. semiautomatic weapons
b. hand cannons
c. rifles
d. machetes
5. The country with the highest number of guns per capita is:
a. Mexico
b. Iraq
c. South Africa
*d. United States

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6. When asked why they own gun, Americans are least likely to cite
which of the following reasons:
a. constitutional right
*b. former military personnel
c. self-protection
d. hunting or target practice
7. The right of the people to keep and bear Arms is outlined in which
constitutional amendment?
a. First
*b. Second
c. Fourth
d. Eighth
8. Gun control legislation is generally not focused on:
a. the supply and overall availability of guns
b. limiting the availability of guns to high-risk groups
*c. the harm done my firearm use
d. regulations calculated to affect how guns are used
9. Which powerful lobbying association advocates on behalf of the
interests of handgun manufacturers and distributors?
a. NBC
b. NSF
c. NIJ
*d. NRA
e. NASA
10. High-risk applicants for gun ownership include:
a. felons
b. fugitives
c. individuals who see a therapist
*d. answers A and B
e. answers A, B and C
11. The Assault Weapons Ban of 1994 expired in:
a. 1990
b. 1998
*c. 2004
d. 2010
e. 2013

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12. Who was the social scientist that conducted the first empirical
link between violence and alcohol use in mid-20th century Philadelphia?
*a. Marvin Wolfgang
b. Robert Nash Parker
c. Jared Loughner
d. James Brady
13. Alcohol consumption affects individuals physiologically in all of
the following ways except:
a. reduces inhibitions
*b. increases inhibitions
c. acts as a sedative
d. increases dopamine levels
14. The primary ways in which drugs may be related to violence are:
a. supporting an addiction
b. psychoactive effects of drug use
c. drug trafficking
d. B. and C. only
*e. A, B and C
15. Crack is a derivative of which illicit substance?
a. heroin
b. PCP
*c. cocaine
d. morphine
16. PCP can result in feelings of:
a. tranquility
b. weakness
c. euphoria
*d. anxiety
17. When drug-addicted individuals commit crime to feed their habits,
they are most likely to engage in:
a. robbery
b. assault
*c. larceny
d. homicide

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18. The Fair Sentencing Act of 2010 reduced disparity in sentencing for
offenses related to which two illicit substances?
a. crack and marijuana
*b. crack and cocaine
c. cocaine and marijuana
d. marijuana and heroin
19. The transfer of attitudes and beliefs through exposure to and
adoption of social scripts is a feature of which theoretical framework?
*a. Social Learning
b. Rational Choice
c. Routine Activities
d. Anomie
20. The process by which individuals normalize violence and become less
squeamish about it the more they watch it is known as:
a. routinization
b. unity of aggression
c. anti-social behavior
*d. emotional desensitization
21. Knives are deadlier than handguns.
a. True
*b. False
22. Among households that own a gun, the average number of guns owned
is 4.4.
*a. True
b. False
23. The Brady Bill of 1993 mandated criminal history background checks
on persons applying to purchase firearms from federally licensed
firearm dealers.
*a. True
b. False
24. The National Instant Criminal Background Check System requires that
applicants seeking gun ownership wait at least 12 hours for their
license to be processed.
a. True
*b. False

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