Alvarez and Bachman, Violence: The Enduring Problem 2nd Edition Instructor Resource 1. Sam Hose was a victim of lynching because *a. he was Black and killed his White employer b. he was Black and raped a White woman c. he was White and supported Black voting rights d. none of the above 2. The greater the social distance between the social audience and the victim (relative to the social distance between the social audience and the perpetrator), the more likely a particular act of violence will be *a. perceived negatively b. perceived positively c. ignored d. none of the above 3. The sociologist Jack Katz, argues that many perpetrators see their violence as a form of a. self help *b. righteous slaughter c. divine vengeance d. homicidal rage e. running amok 4. The suggestion that legitimate forms of violence influence illegitimate forms of violence is known as the *a. spillover theory b. influence theory c. devaluation theory d. multiple spheres theory e. legitimation theory 5. All violence is a. evil b. tolerated *c. connected d. useful 6. Which of the following is not a necessary element that needs to be considered when formulating a definition of violence? a. the degree and type of injury b. the intent of the participants *c. the legality of the act d. the causes of and motivations and justifications for the behavior e. the object of the attack 7. The perception of whether or not an act is considered one of violence changes depending on a. the audience b. those involved c. the circumstances *d. all of the above e. none of the above 8. Which of the following countries has the highest murder rate? a. Canada b. Japan c. Italy *d. U.S. 9. The legitimacy or illegitimacy of an act of violence is found in a. the intrinsic quality of the act *b. the perception of the act c. the physical nature of the act d. the morality of the act 10. When violence is used as a means to an end such as found in many robberies, it is often classified as an example of a. expressive violence b. structural violence c. collective violence *d. instrumental violence e. defensive violence 11. According to Iadicola and Shupe, discriminatory social arrangements such as racism can be defined as a. expressive violence b. interpersonal violence c. institutional violence *d. structural violence e. instrumental violence 12. The greater the social distance between the victim and the perpetrator, the more likely a particular act of violence will be a. perceived negatively b. perceived positively c. ignored *d. none of the above 13. The greater the social distance between the social audience and the victim (relative to the social distance between the social audience and the perpetrator), the more likely a particular act of violence will be a. perceived negatively b. perceived positively *c. ignored d. none of the above 14. When violence is simply an expression of rage, anger, and/or frustration, it is often classified as an example of *a. expressive violence b. structural violence c. collective violence d. instrumental violence e. defensive violence 15. Which of these factors does NOT shape the context and perception of violence: a. location of violence *b. intended outcome of violence c. rationale for the violence d. the victim e. the offender 16. An example of institutional violence is: a. rape b. assault c. robbery *d. lethal injection e. vehicular manslaughter 17. Identify the scholar(s) who defined violence as, "any action or structural arrangement that results in physical or nonphysical harm to one or more persons" *a. Iadicola and Shupe b. Weiner, Zahn, and Sagi c. Bartol and Bartol d. Kennedy and Forde e. Berkowitz 18. The Uniform Crime Reporting Program is complied by which organization/agency? a. Department of Homeland Security b. Central Intelligence Agency c. New York City Police Department *d. Federal Bureau of Investigation e. Bureau of Justice Statistics 19. Researchers interested in offending behavior will extract the most accurate information from which data collection methodology? a. focus groups *b. survey methodology c. official reports d. courtroom observation 20. Which of the following phenomena is NOT an example or outcome of how everyday exposure to violence shapes our lives? a. avoidance strategies b. warfare c. gaming d. media broadcasts *e. increased sense of safety 21. All violence is connected by a web of actions and behaviors, ideas, perceptions, and justifications. *a. True b. False 22. Nations that rely on the death penalty and use violence in socially approved settings may also provide an implicit justification for illegitimate forms of violence and homicide in other settings. *a. True b. False 23. Instrumental violence is motivated emotions such as rage and jealousy. a. True *b. False 24. The Uniform Crime Reporting Program features official arrest data from state and local law enforcement agencies. *a. True b. False 25. The further the social distance between a violent act and the person perceiving it (violence occurring in public rather than in one's home), the more like likely that witness is to condemn the violence. *a. True b. False 26. Interpersonal violence concerns violent behaviors that are perpetrated in organizational settings. a. True *b. False 27. Structural violence is all about inequality and discriminatory social arrangements in society. *a. True b. False 28. The National Crime Victimization Survey solicits responses from household members as young as 5 years old. a. True *b. False 29. Explain how all violence is bound into what is called the "unity of human aggression?" 30. What are the strengths and weaknesses of the Uniform Crime Report and the National Crime Victimization Survey? 31. Discuss Wolfgang and Ferracuti's "subcultures of violence" theory and apply their conceptual framework to discussion of the emergence of the Ku Klux Klan in the Southern states. Alvarez and Bachman, Violence: The Enduring Problem 2nd Edition Instructor Resource 1. Genetically, humans are closest to: *a. chimpanzees b. gorillas c. bonobos d. orangutans e. it depends upon the particular human 2. Violence has been linked with: a. progesterone *b. serotonin c. insulin d. estrogen 3. The evidence on testosterone suggests that: a. testosterone causes violence *b. testosterone is connected with violence, but not necessarily causally c. testosterone has no relationship with violence d. none of the above 4. Some biologists/criminologists suggest that violence can be linked with: a. height b. weight *c. brain injuries d. foot size e. facial hair 5. Which of the following tends to have the lowest levels of testosterone? a. high level violent inmates b. high level non - violent inmates c. winning athletes *d. losing athletes 6. Which of the following is not a characteristic of the anti - Social personality disorder? a. pathological lying b. lack of remorse or guilt c. narcissism *d. good impulse control e. lack of empathy 7. Various studies have shown that chronically violent offenders are much more likely to have: a. low levels of testosterone b. high levels of serotonin c. a great deal of patience *d. brain trauma/injury 8. According to the frustration - aggression hypothesis, which of the following factors increase the likelihood of a violent reaction? a. the frustration was unintentionally caused b. the hindrance was perceived as being fair *c. the presence of aggressive stimuli such as aggressive music d. the presence of an audience 9. Low levels of serotonin have been linked with: a. depression b. impulsive acts of violence c. suicide d. anxiety *e. all of the above 10. Chimpanzees engage in: a. murder b. rape c. raiding d. all of the above *e. none of the above 11. The argument that suggests when a person is blocked from achieving something they want, becomes upset and may possibly subsequently react violently is known as: a. stress hypothesis b. evolutionary hypothesis *c. frustration - aggression hypothesis d. differential association hypothesis 12. Phrenology is the study of: a. extra hormones b. genetics c. chemical imbalances *d. skull shapes e. body shapes 13. An atavism is: a. a person who conforms b. a chemical imbalance c. a person with a misshapen skull *d. an evolutionary throwback 14. The doctrine of atavisms was created by: *a. Cesare Lombroso b. Cesare Beccaria c. Franz Gall d. Gabrial Tarde 15. According to the frustration - aggression hypothesis, which of the following factors increase the likelihood of a violent reaction? a. the frustration was unintentionally caused b. the hindrance was perceived as being fair *c. the presence of aggressive stimuli such as aggressive music d. the presence of an audience 16. In order to explain the high rates of violence in minority neighborhoods, some have suggested that the elevated rates of violence are due to: *a. the effects of chronic stress b. a lack of education c. bad moral character d. genetic deficiencies 17. According to Merton, much violence may be due to which of the following adaptations: a. conformity b. retreatism c. ritualism *d. innovation 18. Merton's theory is often referred to as the theory of differential: *a. opportunity b. ambition c. poverty d. association 19. Which of the following is NOT an element of Elijah Anderson's "code of the street" argument? a. strong sense of personal honor *b. rising to the ranks of drug kingpin c. guarding against person affronts and insults d. responding violently to acts that challenge respect 20. Which of the following is NOT a means through which social learning theorists believe that people learn behavior? a. conditioning b. reinforcement *c. originality d. modeling e. imitation 21. Biological explanation for crime and deviance provides much of the justification for the Eugenics Movement. *a. True b. False 22. The relationship between violence and testosterone is causal. a. True *b. False 23. Absolute Deprivation explains the link between violence and poverty. a. True *b. False 24. "Code of the Street" is a cultural adaptation in the face of overwhelming alienation and racism. *a. True b. False 25. The intergenerational transmission of violence stems from exposure to violence that we witness in on television. a. True *b. False 26. Gottfredson and Hirschi posit that criminality is linked to low self - control. *a. True b. False 27. According to Sampson and Laub, individuals with weak attachments to family and school have no trouble at all developing strong positive relationships and getting a good job later in life. a. True *b. False 28. Participants of collective violence are well are acting with reason and instead of emotion. a. True *b. False 29. Messner and Rosenfeld argue that anomie is the "deregulation of both the goals that people are encouraged to aspire to, and the means that are regarded as acceptable in the pursuit of these goals." How might bolstering support for achieving goals in institutional domains outside of the economy help to mitigate the effects of institutional anomie? 30. What is the connection between manhood as Elijah Anderson conceives of it in "Code of the Streets" and Merton's "innovator" adaptation? 31. Discuss the connection between one biological/ethological and one sociological explanation for violent behavior. How might one impact the other? Alvarez and Bachman, Violence: The Enduring Problem 2nd Edition Instructor Resource 1. Murder is most commonly perpetrated with: *a. handguns b. rifles and shotguns c. knives d. hands and feet 2. Why are guns used so often in American homicides? a. they are available b. they are easy to use c. they are lethal *d. all of the above e. none of the above 3. Which of the following is not a variable that affects the role of guns in homicides? a. Lethality of the weapon b. Ease of use c. Availability *d. Caliber of the weapon e. Accuracy of the weapon 4. The production of mainstream weaponry has increasingly moved away from revolvers to the production of: *a. semiautomatic weapons b. hand cannons c. rifles d. machetes 5. The country with the highest number of guns per capita is: a. Mexico b. Iraq c. South Africa *d. United States 6. When asked why they own gun, Americans are least likely to cite which of the following reasons: a. constitutional right *b. former military personnel c. self - protection d. hunting or target practice 7. The right of the people to keep and bear Arms is outlined in which constitutional amendment? a. First *b. Second c. Fourth d. Eighth 8. Gun control legislation is generally not focused on: a. the supply and overall availability of guns b. limiting the availability of guns to high - risk groups *c. the harm done my firearm use d. regulations calculated to affect how guns are used 9. Which powerful lobbying association advocates on behalf of the interests of handgun manufacturers and distributors? a. NBC b. NSF c. NIJ *d. NRA e. NASA 10. High - risk applicants for gun ownership include: a. felons b. fugitives c. individuals who see a therapist *d. answers A and B e. answers A, B and C 11. The Assault Weapons Ban of 1994 expired in: a. 1990 b. 1998 *c. 2004 d. 2010 e. 2013 12. Who was the social scientist that conducted the first empirical link between violence and alcohol use in mid - 20 th century Philadelphia? *a. Marvin Wolfgang b. Robert Nash Parker c. Jared Loughner d. James Brady 13. Alcohol consumption affects individuals physiologically in all of the following ways except: a. reduces inhibitions *b. increases inhibitions c. acts as a sedative d. increases dopamine levels 14. The primary ways in which drugs may be related to violence are: a. supporting an addiction b. psychoactive effects of drug use c. drug trafficking d. B. and C. only *e. A, B and C 15. Crack is a derivative of which illicit substance? a. heroin b. PCP *c. cocaine d. morphine 16. PCP can result in feelings of: a. tranquility b. weakness c. euphoria *d. anxiety 17. When drug - addicted individuals commit crime to feed their habits, they are most likely to engage in: a. robbery b. assault *c. larceny d. homicide 18. The Fair Sentencing Act of 2010 reduced disparity in sentencing for offenses related to which two illicit substances? a. crack and marijuana *b. crack and cocaine c. cocaine and marijuana d. marijuana and heroin 19. The transfer of attitudes and beliefs through exposure to and adoption of social scripts is a feature of which theoretical framework? *a. Social Learning b. Rational Choice c. Routine Activities d. Anomie 20. The process by which individuals normalize violence and become less squeamish about it the more they watch it is known as: a. routinization b. unity of aggression c. anti - social behavior *d. emotional desensitization 21. Knives are deadlier than handguns. a. True *b. False 22. Among households that own a gun, the average number of guns owned is 4.4. *a. True b. False 23. The Brady Bill of 1993 mandated criminal history background checks on persons applying to purchase firearms from federally licensed firearm dealers. *a. True b. False 24. The National Instant Criminal Background Check System requires that applicants seeking gun ownership wait at least 12 hours for their license to be processed. a. True *b. False