Back to AI Flashcard MakerPsychology /AP Psych: Unit 0 Part 2
AP Psych: Unit 0 Part 2
This deck covers key concepts and methodologies in psychology research, including sampling, observation, correlation, experimental design, and ethical considerations.
Representative Sample
Sample that has the characteristics that are similar to those in the population
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Key Terms
Term
Definition
Representative Sample
Sample that has the characteristics that are similar to those in the population
Case Study
Studying one person or group in depth in hope of revealing universal principles
Naturalistic Observation
Observing and recording behavior in natural situations without trying to manipulate or control the situation
Meta-Analysis
Process of analyzing the results of many studies that have measured the same variables
Correlation
Measuring the extent to which two factors vary together and how well one factor can predict the other
Experimental Methodology
Type of research method where the researcher manipulates one variable (independent variable) to determine it’s effect on another variable (dependent v...
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| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
Representative Sample | Sample that has the characteristics that are similar to those in the population |
Case Study | Studying one person or group in depth in hope of revealing universal principles |
Naturalistic Observation | Observing and recording behavior in natural situations without trying to manipulate or control the situation |
Meta-Analysis | Process of analyzing the results of many studies that have measured the same variables |
Correlation | Measuring the extent to which two factors vary together and how well one factor can predict the other |
Experimental Methodology | Type of research method where the researcher manipulates one variable (independent variable) to determine it’s effect on another variable (dependent variable) |
Non-Experimental Methodology | Research that lacks the manipulation of an independent variable |
Correlation Coefficient | A number (symbolized by r) between -1 and 1 which represents the strength and direction of the correlation between two variables |
Scatter Plot | Graphs used to plot the scores and show the correlation |
Directionality Problem | a limitation of correlational research that occurs when it's unclear which variable is causing the other |
Third Variable Problem | A type of confounding variable in which two factors vary together and how well one factor can predict the other |
Regression Toward the Mean | The tendency for extreme scores to become more moderate or closer to the mean when retested over time |
Experiment | Measuring the extent to which two factors vary together and how well one factor can predict the other |
Experimental Group | The group in an experiment that receives the variable being tested |
Control Group | In an experiment, the group that was not exposed to the treatment. Serves as a comparison for evaluating the effect of the treatment |
Independent Variable | Variable that the experimenter manipulates |
Dependent Variable | Variable that researchers measure |
Random Assignment | Ensures all members of the sample have an equal chance of being placed into either group |
Single Blind | The subjects don't know which group they belong to, but researchers know who is in which group |
Placebo Effect | A real response to an action or substance based solely on expectations, not actual properties of the action or substance |
Confounding Variable | A factor other than the independent variable that might produce an effect |
Experimental Bias | The unconscious tendency for researchers to treat members of the experimental and control groups differently to increase the chance of confirming their hypothesis |
Informed Consent | Participants sign indicating they understand the components and the potential risks of the study and agree to take part |
Informed Assent | A process through which minors agree to participate in clinical trials |
Protect from Harm | An ethical principle that ensures that research participants are not subjected to physical or psychological harm. The risk of harm should be no greater than what participants would normally encounter in their everyday lives |